1	"Inner or outer whorl of fruiting perianth more than twice as long as the nut, sometimes becoming pungent-pointed"	2
1	"Both whorls of fruiting perianth shorter than or slightly longer than the nut, never becoming pungent-pointed OR fruiting material not present"	5
2	"Trees; leaves 20-32 x 9-20 cm; disseminule “helicopter” type, expanded perianth with 3 long narrow ‘wings’"	Triplaris
2	"Shrubs, herbs or vines; leaves less than 9 cm wide; perianth not with long narrow wings"	3
3	"Vine bearing numerous tendrils; perianth segments five"	Antigonon
3	"Habit various, but tendrils not present; perianth segments six"	4
4	"Inner perianth segments membranous or inflated"	Acetosa
4	"Inner perianth segments (‘valves’) leathery, not inflated"	Rumex
5	"Flowers with 6 perianth segments"	6
5	"Flowers with 5 perianth segments"	7
6	"Leaf base hastate; flowers unisexual; inner perianth segments entire and without a swelling"	Acetosella
6	"Leaf base cuneate, obtuse or cordate; flowers bisexual; inner perianth segments with marginal teeth or with a swelling near the base"	Rumex
7	"Ochreas prominent with a ciliate or herbaceous upper margin; flowers densely clustered in a globose to cylindrical head"	Persicaria
7	"Ochreas short, entire or lacerate; flowers in fascicles or loose spikes, not densely clustered"	8
8	"Larger leaves 1-10 mm wide"	9
8	"Larger leaves 15-100 mm wide"	10
9	"Flowers borne in loose spikes 30-100 mm long"	Duma
9	"Flowers borne in short axillary fascicles <10 mm long"	Polygonum
10	"Pedicels 3-5 mm long; nuts 5.5-6.5 mm long; fruiting perianth about half as long as nut"	Fagopyrum
10	"Pedicels 1-2 mm long; nuts 2-5 mm long; fruiting perianth about same length as nut"	11
11	"Flowers unisexual; perianth glabrous"	Muehlenbeckia
11	"Flowers bisexual; perianth papillose"	Fallopia