1	"All leaves (or leaflets) with entire (including undulate) margins"	2
1	"Some or all leaves (or leaflets) with toothed, lobed, or deeply divided margins"	85
2	"Ligulate florets absent or ligules less than 1 mm long"	3
2	"Ligulate florets present (with spreading ligules at least 1 mm long)"	57
3	"Bracts surrounding the flower head with a petal-like apical portion at least 1 mm long, held more or less at right angles to peduncle"	4
3	"Bracts surrounding the flower head without a petal-like apical portion at right angles to the peduncle, or bracts absent"	16
4	"Petal-like lamina white (rarely pink)"	5
4	"Petal-like laminae yellow or brown"	10
5	"Petal-like laminae forming a ring (when viewed from above) much narrower than the bright yellow floret cluster (poached egg daisies)"	6
5	"Petal-like laminae equal in width or wider than the floret cluster"	7
6	"Leaves 40-90 mm long; capitula 22-45 mm diameter"	Polycalymma
6	"Leaves 6-35 mm long; capitula 10-18 mm diameter"	Myriocephalus
7	"Stems winged; pappus a membranous cup"	Ammobium
7	"Stems not winged; pappus of bristles"	8
8	"Achenes densely hairy; pappus bristles plumose, the ‘plumes’ 0.4-0.9 mm long"	Rhodanthe
8	"Achenes glabrous; pappus bristles barbellate, with the ‘barbs’ 0.05-0.2 mm long"	9
9	"Pappus bristles with barbs c. 0.2 mm long"	Anemocarpa
9	"Pappus bristles with barbs 0.05-0.1 mm long"	Coronidium
10	"Petal-like bracts conspicuously hairy or with a toothed margin"	11
10	"Petal-like bracts glabrous, entire"	12
11	"Petal-like bracts with a toothed margin, glabrous; achenes glabrous"	Waitzia
11	"Petal-like bracts conspicuously hairy; achenes with short non-glandular hairs"	Chrysocephalum
12	"Annual plants < 20 cm high; petal-like portion of bracts 1.8-2.8 mm long; leaves 0.3-0.8(-1.2) mm wide"	13
12	"Perennial plants 20-200 cm high; petal-like portion of bracts 3.5-15 mm long; leaves 0.7-16 mm wide"	14
13	"Capitula longer than wide; achenes with antrorse hairs; pappus bristles barbellate (‘barbs’ c. 0.1 mm long)"	Schoenia
13	"Capitula wider than long; achenes glabrous but warty; pappus bristles plumose (‘plumes’ 0.2-0.3 mm long)"	Hyalosperma
14	"Yellow petal-like portion of bracts leathery in texture; basal part of the bract very short, just as broad as ‘petal’"	Xerochrysum
14	"Yellow or brown petal-like portion of bracts papery or scarious; basal part of the bract quite long and narrower than ‘petal’"	15
15	"Pappus bristles plumose (‘plumes’ 0.2-0.5 mm long)"	Leucochrysum
15	"Pappus bristles barbellate (‘barbs’ 0.05-0.1 mm long)"	Coronidium
16	"Plants prostrate or up to 6 cm high, broader than high; flower heads +/- at ground level"	17
16	"Plants at least 6 cm high with ascending stems; flower heads not at ground level"	21
17	"Leaves in a basal rosette, compound flower head forming a convex mound; pappus comprising scales or pappus absent"	18
17	"Leaves alternating, compound flower head globose to hemispheric; pappus of bristles"	19
18	"Leaves oblanceolate, 2-4 mm wide"	Chthonocephalus
18	"Leaves linear, grass-like, 0.5-1 mm wide"	Isoetopsis
19	"Bracts surrounding the flower heads scarious"	Myriocephalus
19	"Bracts surrounding the flower heads herbaceous"	20
20	"Hairs on stems woolly; pappus bristles 4-5"	Actinobole
20	"Hairs on stems glandular; pappus bristles 8-12"	Lemooria
21	"Involucral bracts invisible (hidden within a compound flower head) or only their apices visible"	22
21	"Involucral bracts unconcealed or at least the upper half visible"	27
22	"Pappus absent or comprising a cylindrical cup"	23
22	"Pappus comprising several plumose bristles"	25
23	"Corolla lobes projecting beyond involucral bracts; pappus cup 0.8-1.1 mm long; capitula 1-flowered"	Trichanthodium
23	"Corolla lobes +/- hidden by involucral bracts or same length as bracts; pappus cup 0.2-0.6 mm long or pappus absent; capitula 2-6-flowered"	24
24	"Flower heads +/- globose OR stems glabrous with papillae"	Gnephosis
24	"Flower heads more than twice as long as broad AND stems wolly-hairy"	Angianthus
25	"Achenes hairless, smooth or papillose"	Calocephalus
25	"Achenes hairy"	26
26	"Bracts and pappus bristles yellow; capitula sessile within compound head"	Pycnosorus
26	"Bracts and pappus bristles white; capitula pedunculate within compound head"	Craspedia
27	"Capitula all +/- sessile (peduncles < 1 mm long), in clusters"	28
27	"Some or all capitula pedunculate (> 1mm)"	37
28	"Involucral bracts transversely wrinkled"	Podolepis
28	"Involucral bracts smooth, without wrinkles"	29
29	"Stems winged; florets pink to purple"	Pterocaulon
29	"Stems without wings; florets white to pale yellow (cudweeds)"	30
30	"Capitula 1 or 2 flowered"	31
30	"Capitula many flowered"	32
31	"Leaves and capitula densely woolly-hairy"	Rhodanthe
31	"Leaves and capitula glabrous"	Flaveria
32	"Leaf apex truncate or retuse; pappus bristles plumose; achenes densely hairy"	Facelis
32	"Leaf apex acute or obtuse; pappus bristles barbellate; achenes glabrous or papillose"	33
33	"Clusters of capitula forming a solitary hemispherical to globose head"	34
33	"Clusters of capitula distributed along the branchlet or rachis"	35
34	"Tiny plants 5-10 cm high; involucral bracts with a recurved or hooked apex"	Stuartina
34	"Plants 15-40 cm high; apex of involucral bracts straight"	Euchiton
35	"Pappus bristles completely fused together at base, the whole pappus coming away in one piece, not breaking apart"	Gamochaeta
35	"Pappus bristles free or lightly adhering at base via lateral hairs, the bristles coming away singly or in partial clusters that are loosely adhering at base"	36
36	"Involucres cupular to hemispherical (wider than long), pale yellow; outer involucral bracts translucent and broadly rounded; leaf-base slightly stem-clasping"	Pseudognaphalium
36	"Involucres longer than wide, brownish; outer involucral bracts ovate to oblong to oblanceolate, acute to obtuse; leaf-base not stem-clasping"	Gnaphalium
37	"Pappus of few to many bristles"	38
37	"Pappus a membranous cup, or scales, or pappus absent"	52
38	"Involucral bracts in a single whorl"	39
38	"Involucral bracts in two or more whorls"	40
39	"Leaves 10-25 mm long; pappus 0.9-1.3 mm long, plumose"	Millotia
39	"Leaves 50-125 mm long; pappus 5-7 mm long, barbellate"	Senecio
40	"Larger leaves 20-70 mm wide"	41
40	"Larger leaves 1-20 mm wide"	43
41	"Leaves densely hairy on both sides, lamina narrowing towards stem, petiole indistinct; capitula 18-25 mm diameter; shrub"	Anemocarpa
41	"Upper surface of fully expanded leaves glabrous, lamina distinct from petiole; capitula 4-6 mm diameter; vines"	42
42	"Lower leaf surface with persistent appressed hairs; petioles 2-5 mm long; corolla lobes 4-5 mm long"	Tarlmounia
42	"Lower leaf surface glabrous; petioles 12-20 mm long; corolla lobes 2.5-3 mm long"	Decaneuropsis
43	"Dwarf plants c. 6-10 cm high"	Triptilodiscus
43	"Herbs or shrubs 15-300 cm high"	44
44	"Florets 1-7 per capitulum"	45
44	"Florets 9-50 per capitulum"	47
45	"Shrubs 1-3 m high; paleae present"	Cassinia
45	"Herbs 15-30 cm high; paleae absent"	46
46	"Outer involucral bracts widely spreading; pappus bristles barbellate"	Allopterigeron
46	"All involucral bracts appressed; pappus bristles plumose"	Rhodanthe
47	"Involucres 2-6 mm long, bracts elliptical to ovate"	48
47	"Involucres 6.5-10 mm long, bracts linear to narrowly-elliptic"	50
48	"Filiform florets absent or fewer than the tubular florets"	Ozothamnus
48	"Filiform florets many more than the tubular florets"	49
49	"Florets white to yellow"	Erigeron
49	"Florets pink"	Pluchea
50	"Involucral bracts 0.3-0.5 (-0.6) mm wide at halfway point; margins glabrous or with matted woolly hairs; achenes 2.0-2.7 mm long"	Leiocarpa
50	"Involucral bracts 0.5-1.0 mm wide at halfway point; margins with prominent cilia; achenes 1.0-1.5 mm long"	51
51	"Corolla tube hairy or papillose"	Leptorhynchos
51	"Corolla tube glabrous, smooth"	Chrysocephalum
52	"Leaves trifoliolate; peduncles with many dark glandular hairs; florets white"	Florestina
52	"Leaves simple; peduncles without glandular hairs; florets yellow"	53
53	"Pappus absent"	54
53	"Pappus of several scales"	56
54	"Outer florets enlarged, sterile, with corolla lobes 6-8 mm long"	Centaurea
54	"Outer florets same size as the inner, bisexual, with corolla lobes 0.3-1.3 mm long"	55
55	"Capitula 2.5-3.5 mm diameter; achenes smooth, 0.55-0.65 mm long"	Eriochlamys
55	"Capitula 4.5-13 mm diameter; achenes warty, 0.8-2.5 mm long"	Acomis
56	"Pappus scales 13-21, each divided apically into 3-5 ‘bristles’"	Phacellothrix
56	"Pappus scales 6-12, entire or with short to long cilia"	Rutidosis
57	"Outer surface of involucral bracts glabrous"	58
57	"Outer surface of involucral bracts sparsely to densely hairy"	74
58	"All florets ligulate"	59
58	"Ligulate florets only in the outer whorls"	60
59	"Leaves in basal rosette; florets yellow, achenes 6-8 mm long"	Microseris
59	"Leaves cauline; florets pink to purple, achenes 11-13 mm long"	Tragopogon
60	"Leaves opposite"	Zinnia
60	"Leaves alternate or in basal rosette"	61
61	"Ligules pale to bright yellow"	62
61	"Ligules white, mauve or purple"	65
62	"Leaves clustered near ground level; involucral bracts fused in lower half"	Gazania
62	"Leaves cauline; involucral bracts free to the base"	63
63	"Involucral bracts in a single whorl"	Senecio
63	"Involucral bracts in 2-many whorls"	64
64	"Leaves 5-9 mm long; capitula 3-4 mm long"	Kippistia
64	"Leaves 60-100 mm long; capitula 6-20 mm long"	Podolepis
65	"Pappus reduced to a thick annular rim"	Brachyscome
65	"Pappus of well-developed bristles"	66
66	"Pappus bristles about half as long as florets"	Podolepis
66	"Pappus bristles same length as, or slightly longer than florets"	67
67	"Achenes separated from the pappus by a filiform ‘neck’"	Ixiochlamys
67	"Achenes adjacent to the pappus"	68
68	"Inner tubular florets sterile (not forming achenes), the pappus with fewer or shorter bristles than on the ligulate florets, or with scales"	Minuria
68	"All florets fertile and with similar pappus"	69
69	"Ligules not exceeding the pappus"	Symphyotrichum
69	"Ligules extending beyond pappus"	70
70	"Achenes linear-cylindrical, with 3–7 longitudinal ribs, maroon or purplish when mature, glabrous or almost so"	Camptacra
70	"Achenes ellipsoidal to obovoid, 2-ribbed or with more than 7 longitudinal ribs, grey to brown when mature, sparsely to densely hairy"	71
71	"Ligulate florets in one row"	Olearia
71	"Ligulate florets in two or more rows"	72
72	"Leaves densely clustered on stem; ligules 8-10 mm long"	Tetramolopium
72	"Leaves not densely clustered on stem; ligules 3-5 mm long"	73
73	"Achenes terete to moderately flattened with 7-12 longitudinal ribs; pappus in 2-3 whorls, the bristles equal to or slightly longer than achene"	Vittadinia
73	"Achenes strongly flattened with 2 marginal ribs only; pappus in 1(-2) whorls, the bristles 1.5-2.5 times longer than achene"	Peripleura
74	"Leaves opposite"	Eclipta
74	"Leaves alternate"	75
75	"Ligules white, mauve or purple"	76
75	"Ligules yellow to orange, sometimes with some black"	79
76	"Achenes linear-cylindrical, with 3–7 longitudinal ribs, maroon or purplish when mature, glabrous or almost so"	Camptacra
76	"Achenes ellipsoidal to obovoid, 2-ribbed or with more than 7 longitudinal ribs, grey to brown when mature, sparsely to densely hairy"	77
77	"Ligulate florets in one row"	Olearia
77	"Ligulate florets in two or more rows"	78
78	"Achenes terete to moderately flattened with 7-12 longitudinal ribs; pappus in 2-3 whorls, the bristles equal to or slightly longer than achene"	Vittadinia
78	"Achenes strongly flattened with 2 marginal ribs only; pappus in 1(-2) whorls, the bristles 1.5-2.5 times longer than achene"	Peripleura
79	"Ligules 16-50 mm long"	80
79	"Ligules 2-13 mm long"	81
80	"Leaves clustered near ground level; involucral bracts fused in lower half"	Gazania
80	"Leaves cauline; involucral bracts all free"	Helianthus
81	"Pappus of numerous bristles"	82
81	"Pappus of scales, a membranous cup, or pappus absent"	83
82	"Stems and peduncles with numerous glandular hairs; capitula axillary"	Dittrichia
82	"Stems and peduncles without glandular hairs; clusters of capitula on long peduncle"	Podolepis
83	"Leaves orbicular or broadly obovate; achenes fleshy"	Chrysanthemoides
83	"Leaves linear to lanceolate; achenes dry"	84
84	"Leaves linear, largest ones 0.7-1.6 mm wide; pappus of 6-8 scales"	Helenium
84	"Leaves narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate, largest ones 4-10 mm wide; pappus absent"	Calendula
85	"Leaves consistently opposite"	86
85	"All leaves or upper leaves alternate, or leaves in basal rosette"	119
86	"Ligulate florets absent, or ligules <1 mm long"	87
86	"Ligulate florets present and ligules at least 1 mm long"	101
87	"Pappus of numerous bristles or a membranous cup"	88
87	"Pappus of scales, or awns, or pappus absent"	94
88	"Pappus a small membranous cup"	89
88	"Pappus of numerous bristles"	90
89	"Achenes green to brown, warty; florets yellow; receptacle with paleae"	Eleutheranthera
89	"Achenes black, smooth; florets white; receptacle without paleae"	Stevia
90	"Vine, stems and leaves glabrous"	Mikania
90	"Shrubs, stems and leaves with sparse to dense hairs"	91
91	"Leaf undersides with abundant yellow sessile glands 0.1-0.2 mm apart; achenes 3-4 mm long"	Chromolaena
91	"Leaf undersides with sparse dark sessile glands 0.3-0.6 mm apart, or sessile glands absent; achenes 1.5-2.5 mm long"	92
92	"Florets white; pappus bristles 5-12"	Ageratina
92	"Florets purple; pappus bristles 15-40"	93
93	"Leaves 110-150 mm wide; achenes glabrous"	Bartlettina
93	"Leaves 15-30 mm wide; achenes with sparse antrorse hairs"	Praxelis
94	"Plant dichotomously branched with a sessile group of capitula at each branch, surrounded by 2 or 4 leafy bracts"	Flaveria
94	"Plant not dichotomously branched; capitula solitary, pedunculate; leafy bracts absent"	95
95	"Involucral bracts 2 or 4; florets 3-17 per capitulum; capitula sessile in leaf axils"	96
95	"Involucral bracts 10-30; florets 18-60 per capitulum; capitula pedunculate, not in leaf axils"	97
96	"Florets 3-4 per capitulum; involucral bracts 2; achenes strongly flattened"	Synedrellopsis
96	"Florets 13-17 per capitulum; involucral bracts 4; achenes slightly flattened"	Enydra
97	"Florets white or purple"	98
97	"Florets yellow"	100
98	"Florets purple; pappus of 5-7 aristate scales"	Ageratum
98	"Florets white; pappus of 3-5 awns or pappus absent"	99
99	"Achenes 2.7-3.5 mm long, with 3-5 gland-tipped awns"	Adenostemma
99	"Achenes 1.2-1.3 mm long, pappus absent"	Gymnocoronis
100	"Involucral bracts with conspicuous glandular hairs; achenes without pappus"	Sigesbeckia
100	"Involucral bracts glabrous or with sparse non-glandular hairs; achenes with pappus of 2-4 rigid awns"	Bidens
101	"Some or all leaves deeply divided, or pinnate to bipinnate"	102
101	"Leaves simple, marginal lobes/teeth not extending more than halfway to midrib"	107
102	"Leaves persistently hairy; achenes 2-3.5 mm long"	103
102	"Leaves glabrous or with scattered hairs along margin; achenes 6-30 mm long"	105
103	"Shrub 1-3 m high; ligules white; leaves densely hairy on lower surface"	Montanoa
103	"Forb or shrub to 80 cm high; ligules yellow; leaves sparsely hairy on both surfaces"	104
104	"Outer involucral bracts without glandular hairs; achenes winged"	Coreopsis
104	"Outer involucral bracts with conspicuous glandular hairs; achenes not winged"	Sigesbeckia
105	"Outer involucral bracts strongly recurved; shrubs 2-4 m high"	Dahlia
105	"Outer involucral bracts not recurved; forbs or shrubs 0.5-2 m high"	106
106	"Ligules 16-35 mm long; pappus awns widely spreading or absent"	Cosmos
106	"Ligules 1-16 mm long; pappus awns always present, erect, +/- parallel"	Bidens
107	"Flowering and fruiting heads sessile in leaf axils"	108
107	"Flowering and fruiting heads pedunculate"	109
108	"Fruit a cluster of several burrs (formed by fusion of outer involucral bracts to the achene), often prickly"	Acanthospermum
108	"Fruit an achene, not in clusters, not prickly"	Synedrella
109	"Outer involucral bracts with conspicuous glandular hairs"	Sigesbeckia
109	"Outer involucral bracts lacking glandular hairs"	110
110	"Leaves sessile (with lamina tapering gradually) or petioles less than 10% of lamina length"	111
110	"At least the lower leaves with petioles > 10% of lamina length"	115
111	"Receptacle narrowly-conical and elongating in fruit; achenes ciliate on margins"	Acmella
111	"Receptacle flat or slightly convex, not elongating in fruit; achenes glabrous or hairy but not ciliate on margins"	112
112	"Ligules 1-2 mm long"	Eclipta
112	"Ligules 5-20 mm long"	113
113	"Leaves more or less trilobed; achenes tuberculate"	Sphagneticola
113	"Leaves +/- evenly toothed or lobed; achenes smooth or with raised ribs"	114
114	"Achenes cuboid (about as long as wide), with raised ribs"	Melampodium
114	"Achenes +/- cylindrical (2-3 times longer than wide), sometimes winged but without raised ribs"	Apowollastonia
115	"Achenes 1.5-2.5 mm long; pappus of 15-25 bristles or scales"	116
115	"Achenes 2.5-6.5 mm long; pappus absent or comprising one or two awns"	117
116	"Peduncles 10-25 cm long; pappus of bristles; ligules 3-5 mm long"	Tridax
116	"Peduncles 0.5-2.5 cm long; pappus of scales; ligules 1-1.5 mm long"	Galinsoga
117	"Ligules 6-12 mm long; involucral bracts 15-25"	Wollastonia
117	"Ligules 1-3 mm long; involucral bracts 4-6"	118
118	"Paleae glabrous, thin, with acute apex, not visible on undisturbed capitulum"	Calyptocarpus
118	"Paleae hairy, thick, with truncate or laciniate apex, readily visible on undisturbed capitulum"	Blainvillea
119	"Fruit an ellipsoidal burr with > 80 hooked spines"	Xanthium
119	"Fruits not burr-like or without hooked spines"	120
120	"Ligulate florets absent or ligules < 1mm long"	121
120	"Ligulate florets present, ligules > 1 mm long"	168
121	"Involucral bracts in a single whorl (sometimes fused together) or involucral bracts not evident"	122
121	"Involucral bracts in two or more whorls"	130
122	"Involucral bracts not evident; flower heads spherical; stems winged"	Sphaeranthus
122	"Involucral bracts obvious; flower heads cylindrical, campanulate or hemispherical; stems not winged"	123
123	"Capitula borne in a raceme; involucral bracts fused into a shallow bowl-shaped structure"	Ambrosia
123	"Capitula not in a raceme; involucral bracts not bowl-shaped"	124
124	"Involucral bracts 17-23 mm long; petioles very slender (0.2-0.5 mm wide)"	Porophyllum
124	"Involucral bracts 3-16 mm long; petioles 0.7-2 mm wide or petioles absent"	125
125	"Florets yellow"	126
125	"Florets white, mauve, purple or red"	127
126	"Achenes 5-8 mm long, glabrous; involucral bracts 10-16 mm long"	Gynura
126	"Achenes 1.5-5 mm long, with papillose hairs; involucral bracts 3-11 mm long"	Senecio
127	"Flowering and fruiting heads subtended by 2-4 bracts, each 2.5-8 mm wide; the many acute involucral bracts protruding beyond the outer bracts"	Elephantopus
127	"Flowering and fruiting heads subtended by 6-16 slender bracts, each 0.6-1.8 mm wide; no bracts or paleae within the flowering/fruiting head"	128
128	"Calycular bracteoles absent; cauline leaves usually stem clasping"	Emilia
128	"Calycular bracteoles 2-8 below capitulum; cauline leaves not stem clasping"	129
129	"Pappus bristles pink to mauve; leaves with 3-5 pairs of deep lobes; achenes 2.5-4 mm long; florets purple"	Erechtites
129	"Pappus bristles white; leaves unlobed or deeply lobed only at base; achenes 2-2.5 mm long; florets red"	Crassocephalum
130	"Outer involucral bracts spinose"	131
130	"All involucral bracts innocuous"	136
131	"Leaf margins without spines"	Centaurea
131	"Leaves with spiny margins, spines 1.5-30 mm long"	132
132	"Stem with spinose wings formed by decurrent leaf bases"	133
132	"Stem not winged, not spinose"	134
133	"Upper surface of leaves with many stiff spinules, mostly 0.8-2 mm long on cauline leaves"	Cirsium
133	"Upper surface of leaves without spinules"	Carduus
134	"Leaves white underneath, due to dense indumentum"	Cynara
134	"Leaves green underneath, indumentum sparse or absent"	135
135	"Leaves variegated, base of cauline leaves auriculate"	Silybum
135	"Leaves green throughout, base of cauline leaves not auriculate"	Carthamus
136	"All involucral bracts glabrous or with fewer than 6 hairs per bract (sometimes sessile glands are present)"	137
136	"At least outer involucral bracts sparsely to densely hairy, hairs glandular or non-glandular"	151
137	"Pappus of bristles"	138
137	"Pappus without bristles (an annular crown, or scales, or awns, or pappus absent)"	141
138	"Pappus bristles flattened, extremely caducous, readily becoming detached from the achene; florets purple"	Centratherum
138	"Pappus bristles +/- terete, not caducous, not readily detaching from the achene; florets white or pink"	139
139	"Pappus bristles 2-6 per floret"	Ethuliopsis
139	"Pappus bristles many per floret"	140
140	"Largest leaves 16-37 mm wide AND branchlets glabrous"	Baccharis
140	"Largest leaves <16 mm wide OR branchlets sparsely to moderately hairy"	Pluchea
141	"Some or all leaves deeply divided"	142
141	"All leaves toothed or lobed, divided less than halfway to midrib"	146
142	"Achenes 1-2 mm long; pappus absent or comprising a short lobed crown"	143
142	"Achenes 3-4.5 mm long; pappus of scales"	145
143	"Involucral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; deeply divided leaves with a large terminal lobe"	Dichrocephala
143	"Involucral bracts 1.5-5 mm long; leaves without a large terminal lobe"	144
144	"Leaves 10-30 cm long; capitula in corymbose clusters"	Tanacetum
144	"Leaves 2-9 cm long; capitula solitary"	Cotula
145	"Capitula +/- globose; pappus scales 77-107; receptacle with abundant setae"	Mantisalca
145	"Capitula obconical; pappus scales 8; receptacle bare"	Schkuhria
146	"Leaves in basal rosette"	Solenogyne
146	"Leaves arranged along aerial stems"	147
147	"Capitula more than 10, arranged in terminal paniculate clusters"	148
147	"Capitula 1-6 in leaf axils or at end of branchlets"	149
148	"Involucres 2.5-5 mm long; achenes glabrous, 0.6-0.7 mm long"	Ethuliopsis
148	"Involucres 8-10 mm long; achenes hairy, 5-5.5 mm long"	Pseudelephantopus
149	"Capitula 3-4 mm diameter"	Centipeda
149	"Capitula 4-15 mm diameter"	150
150	"Inner involucral bracts 4.5-6.5 mm long; achenes 3.5-5 mm long"	Pleurocarpaea
150	"Inner involucral bracts 1.4-3.2 mm long; achenes 0.45-1.3 mm long"	Sphaeromorphaea
151	"Pappus absent, or comprising scales or awns"	152
151	"Pappus of bristles"	158
152	"Some or all leaves deeply divided"	153
152	"Leaves toothed, divided less than halfway to midrib"	155
153	"Plants prostrate; capitula at ground level"	Soliva
153	"Plants erect; capitula at ends of branchlets"	154
154	"Receptacle paleate; pappus of two short broad scales; achenes 1.7-2 mm long"	Parthenium
154	"Receptacle without paleae; pappus absent; achenes 0.6-1 mm long"	Artemisia
155	"Pappus absent"	156
155	"Pappus of awns or scales"	157
156	"Peduncles 40-80 mm long; achenes 4.5-5.5 mm long"	Carpesium
156	"Peduncles 0-3 mm long; achenes 0.6-2 mm long"	Centipeda
157	"Pappus comprising rigid awns, very prickly"	Calotis
157	"Pappus of soft scales"	Thespidium
158	"Capitula in compound heads, spherical to cylindrical in shape"	Pterocaulon
158	"Capitula all separate from one another, cupular, campanulate or hemispherical"	159
159	"Receptacle with persistent hairs or setae"	160
159	"Receptacle naked or paleate"	162
160	"Receptacle hairs 0.1-0.8 mm long; pappus bristles without barbs, or barbs visible only at x40 magnification"	Blumea
160	"Receptacle setae 2.5-9 mm long; pappus bristles plumose or sub-plumose, plumes readily visible at x10 magnification"	161
161	"Leaves white underneath, due to very dense indumentum; achenes with c. 15 longitudinal ribs"	Hemisteptia
161	"Leaves green underneath, hairs sparse or absent; achenes 3-5 ribbed or ribs absent"	Leuzea
162	"Pappus comprising two distinct whorls, a whorl of long bristles +/- same length as styles, and a whorl of short (0.3-0.6 mm) bristles or scales"	163
162	"Pappus comprising a single whorl of long bristles +/- same length as styles"	164
163	"Outermost involucral bracts filamentous with long patent hairs; short pappus whorl consisting of scales"	Vernonia
163	"Outermost involucral bracts not filamentous and without long patent hairs; short pappus whorl consisting of bristles"	Cyanthillium
164	"Achenes with dense hairs, obscuring achene surface; involucral bracts not recurved at fruiting stage"	Streptoglossa
164	"Achenes glabrous or sparsely hairy, achene surface readily visible; involucral bracts strongly recurved at fruiting stage"	165
165	"Achenes flattened (narrowly elliptic in cross-section) with thickened margins"	166
165	"Achenes not flattened (+/- circular in cross-section), with or without ribs"	167
166	"Corolla of filiform florets one-tenth to one-half as long as style"	Eschenbachia
166	"Corolla of filiform florets extending almost the full length of the style"	Erigeron
167	"Sweeping hairs on style acute, ending above bifurcation; florets yellow (8 spp.) or pink (2 spp.)"	Blumea
167	"Sweeping hairs on style obtuse, and extending below bifurcation; florets pink"	Pluchea
168	"All florets ligulate"	169
168	"Ligules present only on the outer florets"	183
169	"Hairs on leaves and stems forked (with 2-4 branches near the hair apex)"	170
169	"Hairs on leaves and stems not forked, or hairs absent"	172
170	"Fertile plants with leaves all in basal rosette, or with 1-2 cauline leaves; pappus of scales"	Leontodon
170	"Basal rosette of leaves sometimes present on fertile plants, but leaves predominantly cauline; pappus of bristles"	171
171	"Outer involucral bracts 5, broad, leafy; inner bracts with a sub-apical spur"	Helminthotheca
171	"Outer involucral bracts > 5, narrow, not leafy; inner bracts without a sub-apical spur"	Picris
172	"Pappus absent or comprising many small scales 0.2-0.3 mm long"	173
172	"Pappus of numerous slender bristles"	174
173	"Leaves confined to base of plant, upper part +/- leafless; florets blue; peduncles 0-1 mm long"	Cichorium
173	"Leaves distributed throughout the plant; florets yellow; peduncles 5-15 mm long"	Lapsana
174	"Leaves with long rigid spines; stems winged"	Scolymus
174	"Leaves not prickly; stems without wings"	175
175	"Pappus bristles plumose, ‘plumes’ 0.5-1.5 mm long"	176
175	"Pappus bristles barbellate (‘barbs’ 0.05-0.1 mm long) or without barbs"	177
176	"Involucral bracts in a single whorl, outer ones with long spreading setose hairs; receptacle ciliate"	Urospermum
176	"Involucral bracts in 2 or 3 whorls, outer ones glabrous or with a few hairs along midrib; receptacle glabrous"	Hypochaeris
177	"Inner involucral bracts 4-6 mm long"	178
177	"Inner involucral bracts 6-21 mm long"	179
178	"Outer involucral bracts considerably longer than inner; leaves hairy"	Tolpis
178	"Outer involucral bracts much shorter than inner; leaves glabrous"	Youngia
179	"Leaves in basal rosette; capitula solitary on long scape"	Taraxacum
179	"At least some leaves cauline; capitula in cymes or panicles"	180
180	"Upper branchlets with sparse to dense glandular hairs, 0.25-0.8 mm long"	Sonchus
180	"Upper branchlets glabrous, glandular hairs absent"	181
181	"Capitula 11-21 mm diameter; achenes adjacent to the pappus"	Actites
181	"Capitula 2-4 mm diameter; achenes separated from the pappus by a filiform ‘neck’"	182
182	"Cauline leaves much smaller than basal leaves or sometimes lacking; peduncles 0-1 mm long; achenes not or slightly compressed"	Chondrilla
182	"Cauline leaves prominent, not much reduced; peduncles > 2 mm long; achenes strongly compressed"	Lactuca
183	"Involucral bracts in a single whorl (sometimes fused together)"	184
183	"Involucral bracts in two or more whorls"	188
184	"Pappus absent"	Calendula
184	"Pappus of scales or bristles"	185
185	"Pappus of aristate scales; involucral bracts fused"	186
185	"Pappus of bristles; involucral bracts separate"	187
186	"Involucral bracts 12-22; calycular bracteoles present; pappus scales divided in distal half"	Thymophylla
186	"Involucral bracts 3-8; calycular bracteoles absent; pappus scales undivided"	Tagetes
187	"Largest leaves with petioles > 50 mm long, lamina 1-1.5 times longer than wide"	Roldana
187	"Largest leaves with petioles 0-30 mm long, lamina 2-15 times longer than wide"	Senecio
188	"Ligulate florets with ligules more than 16mm long"	189
188	"Ligulate florets with ligules less than 16mm long"	197
189	"Ligules wholly or predominantly white, pink, red, purple or blue"	190
189	"Ligules wholly or predominantly yellow to orange"	192
190	"Leaves and involucral bracts with tiny stalked glandular hairs"	Dimorphotheca
190	"Leaves and involucral bracts with non-glandular hairs"	191
191	"Leaves woolly-hairy; ligules white to pink"	Arctotis
191	"Leaves with stiff ascending hairs; ligules dull red with some yellow at apex"	Gaillardia
192	"Peduncles swollen towards apex, 4-12 mm wide"	Tithonia
192	"Peduncles about same width throughout, 1-4(-5) mm wide"	193
193	"All leaves toothed, divided much less than half way to midrib"	194
193	"At least some leaves deeply divided"	195
194	"Inner involucral bracts (9-)10-22 mm long, apex acuminate; achenes not winged"	Helianthus
194	"Inner involucral bracts 7-10 mm long, apex acute; achenes strongly winged"	Verbesina
195	"Involucral bracts connate in lower half; achenes with very numerous straight silky hairs 6-8 mm long"	Gazania
195	"Involucral bracts all free; achenes glabrous or with crisped woolly hairs"	196
196	"Achenes 4.5-6 mm long, glabrous; pappus absent"	Cymbonotus
196	"Achenes 2-2.5 mm long, enveloped by copious woolly hairs; pappus scales c. 1 mm long"	Arctotheca
197	"Pappus absent, or a membranous cup, or scales, or awns"	198
197	"Pappus of bristles only"	211
198	"Receptacle with paleae"	199
198	"Receptacle lacking paleae"	205
199	"Leaves divided less than halfway to midrib"	200
199	"Leaves pinnatisect or bipinnatisect"	202
200	"Stems extremely short (leaves in basal rosette); longest peduncles 1-2.5 cm long"	Cymbonotus
200	"Stems conspicuous, elongate; longest peduncles 5-15 cm long"	201
201	"Achenes with prominent lateral wings; awns of pappus fragile, deciduous"	Verbesina
201	"Achenes +/- terete, without wings; awns of pappus stiff, persistent"	Bidens
202	"Peduncles and involucral bracts hairy; ligules white or pink; pappus absent"	Achillea
202	"Peduncles and involucral bracts +/- glabrous; ligules yellow; pappus of rigid awns"	203
203	"Achenes transversely wrinkled"	Trioncinia
203	"Achenes longitudinally striate or smooth"	204
204	"Leaves alternate throughout; leaf lobes linear, < 2 mm wide"	Glossocardia
204	"Leaves opposite on lower part of plant; leaf lobes elliptical to lanceolate, 2-8 mm wide"	Bidens
205	"Pappus of rigid awns and/or scales"	206
205	"Pappus a membranous cup, or pappus absent"	207
206	"Leaves pinnatisect, segments thread-like; ligulate floret one"	Schkuhria
206	"Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, segments broad; ligulate florets numerous"	Calotis
207	"Longest peduncles 15-32 mm long"	208
207	"Longest peduncles 40-300 mm long"	209
208	"Leaves with short teeth; achenes fleshy; ligules yellow"	Chrysanthemoides
208	"Leaves pinnatisect to bipinnatisect; achenes dry; ligules white"	Tanacetum
209	"Involucral bracts in (2-)3-6 whorls, outer bracts much smaller than inner bracts; achenes with a densely glandular terminal ‘beak’"	Lagenophora
209	"Involucral bracts in 2 whorls, all bracts about the same size; achenes without a glandular beak"	210
210	"Woody shrubs; achenes with 10 longitudinal ribs"	Euryops
210	"Herbaceous plants; achenes never with longitudinal ribs"	Brachyscome
211	"Pappus bristles plumose with hairs at about 90 degrees to bristle"	Calotis
211	"Pappus bristles smooth or barbellate, with barbs antrorse"	212
212	"Pappus bristles 0.2-0.9 mm long"	213
212	"Pappus bristles 1.5-9 mm long"	214
213	"Achenes with 2 swollen (along most of the length or apically) longitudinal ridges on each lateral surface AND anthers lacking a terminal appendage"	Roebuckiella
213	"Achenes lacking 2 swollen or partly swollen longitudinal ridges on the lateral surfaces OR anthers with a terminal appendage"	Brachyscome
214	"Ligules yellow"	215
214	"Ligules white, mauve, pink or purple"	216
215	"Branchlets with non-glandular hairs; involucre 3-5 mm long; pappus bristles white"	Solidago
215	"Branchlets with dense glandular hairs; involucre 7-8 mm long; pappus bristles pink to rust-coloured"	Heterotheca
216	"Involucral bracts thick, not recurved after fruits ripen and hence receptacle not readily visible; achene hairs dense, +/- obscuring achene surface"	217
216	"Involucral bracts thin, strongly recurved after fruits ripen, revealing receptacle; achene hairs absent or relatively sparse, achene surface visible"	218
217	"Achenes terete; pappus bristles all about the same length; disc florets pink; receptacle flat"	Streptoglossa
217	"Achenes laterally flattened; outer pappus bristles much shorter; disc florets yellow; receptacle hemispherical"	Dichromochlamys
218	"Achenes separated from the pappus by a filiform ‘neck’"	Ixiochlamys
218	"Achenes adjacent to the pappus"	219
219	"Pappus bristles 1.5-2.5 mm long; achenes 0.8-1.5 mm long"	220
219	"Pappus bristles 2.5-9 mm long; achenes 2-8 mm long"	222
220	"Stems and peduncles with at least some glandular hairs"	Iotasperma
220	"Stems and peduncles glabrous or with non-glandular hairs"	221
221	"Hairs on stems and peduncles straight, 0.2-0.8 mm long; leaves often in clusters at the nodes; ligules remaining straight when dried"	Erigeron
221	"Hairs on stems and peduncles absent or crisped, c. 0.1 mm long; leaves always solitary at the nodes; ligules tightly coiled when dried"	Minuria
222	"Inner tubular florets sterile (not forming achenes), the pappus with fewer or shorter bristles than on the ligulate florets, or with scales"	Minuria
222	"All florets fertile and with similar pappus"	223
223	"Achenes linear-cylindrical, with 3–7 longitudinal ribs, maroon or purplish when mature, glabrous or almost so"	Camptacra
223	"Achenes ellipsoidal to obovoid, 2-ribbed or with more than 7 longitudinal ribs, grey to brown when mature, sparsely to densely hairy"	224
224	"Ligulate florets in one row"	Olearia
224	"Ligulate florets in two or more rows"	225
225	"Achenes terete to moderately flattened with 7-12 longitudinal ribs; pappus in 2-3 whorls, the bristles equal to or slightly longer than achene"	Vittadinia
225	"Achenes strongly flattened with 2 marginal ribs only; pappus in 1(-2) whorls, the bristles 1.5-2.5 times longer than achene"	Peripleura