1 "Leaves opposite or whorled or pseudo-whorled" 2 1 "Leaves alternate" 5 2 "Fruit falling at maturity, either indehiscent or a tardily dehiscent, leathery, globose follicle" Persoonia 2 "Fruit persistent on plant for several to many years, follicular, woody or cartilaginous" 3 3 "Inflorescence a 7-flowered head, or reduced to a single flower, surrounded by a conspicuous involucre; fruit beaked, often bearing conspicuous horns or spines" Lambertia 3 "Inflorescence not consistently 1- or 7-flowered, lacking an involucre; fruit not beaked nor horned nor spiny" 4 4 "Inflorescence raceme-like, with a non-woody axis; follicle symmetrical, ellipsoidal to pear-shaped" Xylomelum 4 "Inflorescence cone-like, with a woody axis; follicle asymmetrical, laterally compressed" Banksia 5 "Leaves (pseudo-)dichotomously dissected or compound" 6 5 "Leaves either entire or with dentate margins or pinnately compound or divided" 7 6 "Leaves prominently glandular; perianth basally connate to form a slender tube; free distal perianth segments more than 9 mm long" Franklandia 6 "Leaves lacking glands; perianth segments free, less than 8 mm long" Stirlingia 7 "Perianth zygomorphic" 8 7 "Perianth actinomorphic" 19 8 "Flowers sessile in dense, cone-like, globose to cylindrical inflorescences; inflorescence axis woody" Banksia 8 "Flowers pedicellate to sessile, but not in cone-like inflorescences; inflorescence axis not woody" 9 9 "Flowers borne singly along the inflorescence axis, or inflorescence umbellate or reduced to a single flower" 10 9 "Flowers borne in regular, sessile or pedunculate pairs along inflorescence axis" 17 10 "One anther and 2 half-anthers abortive; loculi of adjacent anthers coherent in bud; each half-anther apparently 1-locular; hypogynous glands absent" 11 10 "Anthers not as above, either all developed and fully 4-locular or 1 or 3 infertile; hypogynous glands usually present" 12 11 "Perianth white, blue, grey or pink; lower anther abortive; leaves entire" Conospermum 11 "Perianth yellow; upper anther abortive; leaves usually dissected" Synaphea 12 "Gynoecium about half length of perianth, hooked so that tip sits in pouch of ventral tepal below ventral anther; fruit a drupe" Persoonia 12 "Gynoecium about as long as perianth, exserted; fruit an achene or follicle" 13 13 "Inflorescence reduced to a single flower which is subtended at its base by several imbricate scale leaves; leaf glands present at leaf tip or at tips of leaf lobes or over leaf surface; ovule solitary; fruit an achene" Adenanthos 13 "Inflorescence usually multi-flowered or rarely reduced to a single flower (but then each flower subtended by a solitary scale leaf or completely lacking a floral bract); leaf glands absent; ovules 2 or more; fruit a follicle" 14 14 "Inflorescence umbel-like or reduced to a single flower; axis of symmetry of gynoecium passing through anterior and posterior tepals; hairs simple, seed enclosed within a membranous envelope" 15 14 "Inflorescence raceme-like and multi-flowered or rarely umbel-like or reduced to a single flower; axis of symmetry of gynoecium passing between tepals; hairs mostly bifid, seed not enclosed within a membranous envelope" 16 15 "Ovules 2; follicle woody, 1-seeded" Strangea 15 "Ovules more than 2; follicle leathery or cartilaginous, multi-seeded" Stenocarpus 16 "Fruit usually leathery, rarely woody, lacking secondary thickening, usually not persisting on the plant for more than a year; leaves usually flat or angular in cross-section, usually with dissimilar surfaces, rarely truly terete or unifacial" Grevillea 16 "Fruit with woody secondary thickening, persistent on the plant for several to many years; leaves terete or flat with similar surfaces" Hakea 17 "Hypogynous glands 2, 3 or 4, free" Grevillea 17 "Hypogynous gland solitary, mostly crescentic or annular or occasionally bifid" 18 18 "Fruit usually leathery, rarely woody, lacking secondary thickening, usually not persisting on plant for more than a year; leaves usually flat or angular in cross-section, usually with dissimilar surfaces, rarely truly terete or unifacial" Grevillea 18 "Fruit with woody secondary thickening, persistent on plant for several to many years; leaves terete or flat with similar surfaces" Hakea 19 "Style tip not differentiated from the rest of the style as a pollen presenter, not swollen" 20 19 "Style tip differentiated from the rest of the style as a pollen presenter, usually swollen" 22 20 "Hypogynous glands absent" Conospermum 20 "Hypogynous glands 4" 21 21 "Anthers and anther appendage gently incurved; endocarp subtransversely ribbed" "Acidonia: Acidonia microcarpa" 21 "Anthers straight or recurved to revolute; anther appendage straight to recurved or absent; endocarp smooth" Persoonia 22 "Flowers borne singly in the axils of fleshy bracts in a dense cone-like inflorescence; fruit a nut; ovule solitary" 23 22 "Flowers borne in lateral pairs on the inflorescence axis; inflorescence raceme-like or dense and cone-like; fruit dehiscent or indehiscent but then usually with a succulent, outer mesocarp, rarely indehiscent and dry; ovules more than 1" 24 23 "Cone scales falling with the fruits; nut not strongly compressed" Isopogon 23 "Cone scales adhering firmly to the inflorescence axis and opening to release the flattened nuts" Petrophile 24 "Flowers sessile, densely packed in heads or cone-like, globose or cylindrical inflorescences" Banksia 24 "Flowers either pedicellate or sessile (but then not densely packed in heads or cone-like inflorescences)" 25 25 "Inflorescence a 2–8-flowered umbel, or reduced to a single flower; axis of symmetry of gynoecium passing through anterior and posterior tepals; hairs simple, seed enclosed within a membranous envelope" Strangea 25 "Inflorescence raceme-like and multi-flowered or rarely umbel-like or reduced to a single flower; axis of symmetry of gynoecium passing between tepals; hairs mostly bifid, seed not enclosed within a membranous envelope" 26 26 "Fruit usually leathery, rarely woody, lacking secondary thickening, usually not persisting on the plant for more than a year; leaves usually flat or angular in cross-section, usually with dissimilar surfaces, rarely truly terete or unifacial" Grevillea 26 "Fruit with woody secondary thickening, persistent on plant for several to many years; leaves terete or flat with similar surfaces" Hakea