1	"Plants free-floating aquatics; leaves densely pubescent and obdeltoid"	Pistia
1	"Plants not as-above (always rooted in solid substrate); leaves glabrous or  subglabrous, never obdeltoid"	2
2	"Plants climbing, typically with internodes elongate (longer than stem diameter)"	3
2	"Plants not climbing; internodes short (equalling or shorter than stem diameter)"	8
3	"Flowers bisexual (spadix undifferentiated into male and female parts); spathe  undifferentiated"	4
3	"Flowers unisexual (spadix female below, male above); spathe differentiated into clasping lower portion and upper open blade"	7
4	"Spathe persistent; flowers 3-merous, with tepals; leaves entire"	Pothos
4	"Spathe soon deciduous; flowers 2-merous, naked; leaves usually pinnately lobbed"	5
5	"Stigma subpunctiform; ovules many, running up the placentas; seeds narrow and essentially straight"	Rhaphidophora
5	"Stigma elongate and vertically oriented; ovules few, subbasal; seeds distinctly curved"	6
6	"Leaves typically with pinpricks along midrib on lower leaf surface; ovules few per  locule; seeds narrow but strongly curved"	Epipremnum
6	"Leaves never with pinpricks but sometimes with large holes; ovules 2 per locule;  seeds fat and fused into a u-shape"	Monstera
7	"Venation striate; spathe entirely persistent; stamens free from each other"	Philodendron
7	"Venation reticulate; spathe tube persistent below, blade deciduous; stamens united into  synandria"	Syngonium
8	"Flowers bisexual (spadix undifferentiated into male and female parts); flowers all with  tepals"	9
8	"Flowers unisexual (spadix female below, male above and sometimes with sterile or  naked portions); (flowers without tepals (except Zamioculcas)"	13
9	"Leaves narrow and v-shaped in cross-section, poorly differentiated into a petiole and blade"	Acorus
9	"Leaves clearly differentiated into a subterete petiole and a broad leaf-blade"	10
10	"Plants unarmed"	11
10	"Plants armed with prickles on petioles and lower leaf veins"	12
11	"Venation striate; spathe white"	Spathiphyllum
11	"Venation reticulate; spathe green or red, rarely white"	Anthurium
12	"Ovule solitary, pendulous; pistil top warty"	Lasia
12	"Ovules several (in ours), subbasal; pistil top smooth"	Cyrtosperma
13	"Flowering before leaf; leaf solitary and trifurcate at petiole apex, thereafter  decompounds"	Amorphophallus
13	"Flowering with leaves/leaf; leaves various but never decompounds"	14
14	"Leaves once-pinnate; all flowers with 4 tepals"	Zamioculcas
14	"Leaves various but never once-pinnate"	15
15	"Leaves with striate venation (Philodendroideae)"	16
15	"Leaves with reticulate venation (secondary venation not subparallel to primary)"	22
16	"Plants large (to 4 m), with pseudostems of fleshy, overlapping petiole bases (as in  Musa)"	Typhonodorum
16	"Plants small (rarely over 1 m), never forming pseudostems"	17
17	"Upper spathe and spadix promptly deciduous; upper spadix sterile"	Schismatoglottis
17	"Spathe and spadix persistent; spadix fertile to apex"	18
18	"Stamens of male flowers united in synandria"	19
18	"Stamens of male flowers free"	20
19	"Stem creeping; female part of spadix short and free from spadix"	Anubias
19	"Stem erect; female part of spadix elongated and adnate to spathe"	Dieffenbachia
20	"Peduncle elongate, equalling petioles; spathe spreading; female flowers surrounded by staminodia (ours)"	Zantedeschia
20	"Peduncle short, not equalling petioles; spathe clasping, female flowers subtended by a single staminode or naked"	21
21	"Female flowers subtended by a single staminode; ovules many in several  lovules"	Homalomena
21	"Female flowers naked; ovule solitary in a single locule"	Aglaonema
22	"Lower portion of spathe with overlapping but free margins; spadix exposed, at least in part; plants of dry areas or, if of wet places then leaves cordate to sagittate"	23
22	"Lower portion of spathe with margins united; spadix completely enclosed within spathe tube (kettle); plants of wet places; leaves elliptic to lanceolate"	32
23	"Spadix covered with fertile or sterile (aborted) flowers to apex, in the latter case  (Alocasia and Colocasia) the sterile appendix is clearly roughened (fertile male portion below)"	24
23	"Spadix with a smooth and naked terminal appendix which is green or purplish"	30
24	"Spathe wholly persistent"	25
24	"Upper portion of spathe quickly deciduous lower part persistent"	26
25	"Spadix entirely adnate to spathe; spathe green"	Spathicarpa
25	"Spadix free from spathe, except at base; spathe white"	Callopsis
26	"Spadix fertile to apex"	27
26	"Upper part of spadix sterile (with aborted male flowers), sometimes the appendix almost aborted (Colocasia)"	29
27	"Leaves sagittate; stigmas and styles broad, coherent"	Xanthosoma
27	"Leaves peltate; stigmas and styles not coherent"	28
28	"Leaves green; plants epiphytic, usually with coppery bulbiferous shoots"	Remusatia
28	"Leaves variegated; plants terrestrial, never with bulbiferous shoots"	Caladium
29	"Ovules many, parietal; seeds narrow; spathe yellow, much longer than spadix  (ours)"	Colocasia
29	"Ovules few, basal; seeds globose; spathe greenish, equalling spadix"	Alocasia
30	"Leaves radiately or pedately compound (ours); plants paradioecious (male or female but sometimes both); leaves l or 2"	Arisaema
30	"Leaves variously trilobed to hastate but not compound; plants always monoecious;  leaves 3 or more"	31
31	"Spathe withering completely; ovules apical and basal"	Theriophonum
31	"Basal portion of spathe persistent, upper portion withering; ovules strictly basal"	Typhonium
32	"Leaves involute (double-rolled) in vernation; female flowers spirally arranged, free"	Lagenandra
32	"Leaves convolute (once-rolled) in vernation; female flowers in a single whorl, united"	Cryptocoryne