1	"Inflorescences pendent elongated racemes of 25–120 flowers on long rachises (fruits beaked for 1/3 to 1/2 of length, usually a number developing on each rachis, not noticeably woody and not persisting)"	2
1	"Inflorescences not pendent, or if pendent, then rachis short and flowers less than 35"	8
2	"Leaves simple or, if divided, with only 2 or 3 ultimate segments and greater than 13 cm long"	3
2	"Leaves compound with 2–13 ultimate segments, less than 20 cm long, or, if simple, then less than 13 cm long"	6
3	"Leaves flat, linear, 3–15 mm wide"	"Hakea macrocarpa"
3	"Leaves terete"	4
4	"Indumentum on current season's branchlets absent, or sometimes of simple, often gland-tipped, sparsely to moderately dense hairs, and/or sometimes 2-armed eglandular hairs, confined to leaf nodes"	"Hakea chordophylla"
4	"Indumentum on current season's branchlets 2-armed eglandular, extending between distal leaf nodes, dense, ±persistent"	5
5	"Branchlets and young leaves densely appressed-pubescent to woolly-tomentose, sometimes with simple glandular hairs as well; hairs on branchlets ±persistent, ultimately glabrescent, on leaves quickly glabrescent; pollen presenter oblique (flowers Apr.–Sept.)"	"Hakea loreus"
5	"Branchlets red, glabrous or sometimes sparsely (rarely densely) pubescent, glabrescent; young leaves sparsely pubescent, quickly glabrescent; pollen presenter almost lateral (flowers June–Nov.)"	"Hakea divaricata"
6	"Eglandular 2-armed hairs on branchlets of current season's growth dense, extensive"	"Hakea loreus"
6	"Eglandular 2-armed hairs on branchlets of current season's growth sparse or confined to leaf bases"	7
7	"Fruit valves 13–20 mm wide"	"Hakea chordophylla"
7	"Fruit valves 8–14 mm wide"	"Hakea divaricata"
8	"Inflorescence borne at apex of a bare peduncle 2–25 mm long (pedicel and perianth pubescent; involucre lacking, individual flower pairs subtended by early deciduous bracts; leaves flat or terete, with venation obscure"	9
8	"Inflorescence not borne at apex of a bare peduncle"	10
9	"Flowers with white hairs on pedicel and claw, ferruginous on limb apex; pollen presenter conical; pistil 1.5–2.5 mm long"	"Hakea arborescens"
9	"Flowers with white hairs only, sometimes glabrous on pedicel and claw; pollen presenter oblique to lateral; pistil 7–13 mm long"	"Hakea stenophylla"
10	"Pedicel and perianth evenly pubescent throughout"	11
10	"Pedicel and perianth both glabrous or pedicel pubescent and perianth glabrous or with much sparser hair covering than pedicel"	43
11	"Fruits not distinctly woody, not retained on bush on a thickened branch; seed occupying almost whole valve; leaves flat or compound- or simple-terete"	12
11	"Fruits distinctly woody, retained on bush on a thickened branch; seed not occupying whole valve; leaves flat or simple terete (mixed with occasional compound-terete leaves in H. preissii)"	17
12	"Pollen presenter oblique; leaves simple terete, rarely with some flattened leaves as well; fruit not resembling leaves, not obliquely beaked, often horned"	"Hakea recurva"
12	"Pollen presenter lateral; leaves compound-terete (sometimes mixed with simple terete leaves and/or flat leaves in H. trifurcata ) or flat; fruits either resembling flat leaves or with obliquely inserted beak, not horned"	13
13	"Plants with mixed simple- and compound-terete leaves, as well as flat leaves once flowering is initiated (fruit resembling the flat leaves)"	"Hakea trifurcata"
13	"Plants with flat leaves or compound-terete leaves, not both"	14
14	"Leaves flat; fruit leaf-like, not beaked, not pusticulate; seed not boomerang-shaped"	15
14	"Leaves compound-terete; fruit not leaf-like, with long obliquely inserted beak, pusticulate; seed boomerang-shaped"	16
15	"Hairs on young leaves appressed-sericeous; leaves 3–11.5 mm wide; hairs on pedicel and perianth concolorous"	"Hakea lasianthoides"
15	"Hairs on young leaves woolly-tomentose; leaves 7–17 mm wide; hairs on pedicel ferruginous, on perianth cream-white or yellow-brown"	"Hakea lasiantha"
16	"Lower surface of leaf grooved at base; pollen presenter 1.6–2.5 mm long"	"Hakea erinacea"
16	"Lower surface of leaf not grooved at base; pollen presenter 3.5–4.5 mm long"	"Hakea longiflora"
17	"Fruits recurved at base and apex, ±S-shaped"	18
17	"Fruits not recurved basally and apically, not S-shaped"	20
18	"Wing apical or down one side of seed body only; leaves terete or flat; perianth at least 2.5 mm long"	"Hakea cyclocarpa"
18	"Wing encircling seed body; leaves narrowly linear, trigonous or terete; perianth less than 2.6 mm long"	19
19	"Leaves flat, trigonous or terete, 1–4 mm wide, not twisted at base; fruit sigmoidal"	"Hakea candolleana"
19	"Leaves flat, 3–11 mm wide, twisted at base; fruit globular"	"Hakea incrassata"
20	"Leaves flat"	21
20	"Leaves simple-terete or narrowly linear (H. orthorrhyncha ), not toothed or lobed"	28
21	"Leaves lobed or unlobed, toothed at least partly, not twisted at base"	22
21	"Leaves entire, twisted through 180° at base"	27
22	"Leaves flabelliform, toothed on broad distal apex, with margins otherwise entire"	23
22	"Leaves linear, elliptic, obovate or 3–5-lobed, not flabelliform"	25
23	"Leaf apex truncate; shrub less than 1 m tall; gland a small flap"	"Hakea flabellifolia"
23	"Leaf apex rounded; erect shrub usually more than 1 m tall; gland U-shaped"	24
24	"Hairs on perianth raised, not sericeous; mature buds 7–9 mm long; red-brown wood zone adjacent to seed and on side of fruit which opens fully, broad at base, narrowing towards apex"	"Hakea baxteri"
24	"Hairs on perianth appressed-sericeous; mature buds 5–7 mm long; red-brown wood zone adjacent to seed and on side of fruit which opens fully, narrow and of similar width from base to apex"	"Hakea brownii"
25	"Hairs on pedicel white or cream-yellow, on perianth ferruginous; perianth 2–3.5 mm long; gland a curved flap (fruit 5–5.5 cm long)"	"Hakea hookeriana"
25	"Hairs on pedicel and perianth of similar colour throughout; perianth more than 4.5 mm long; gland U-shaped"	26
26	"Fruit 4.5–5.5 cm long, sometimes with corky outgrowths; seed body with slender dagger-like projections; inflorescence racemose on 1–10 mm long rachis; perianth 6–11 mm long"	"Hakea pandanicarpa"
26	"Fruit 2–3.5 cm long, lacking corky outgrowths; seed body lacking projections; inflorescence umbelliform on obscure rachis; perianth 4.5–6 mm long"	"Hakea ceratophylla"
27	"Leaves flat, trigonous or terete, 1–4 mm wide, not twisted at base; fruit sigmoidal"	"Hakea candolleana"
27	"Leaves flat, 3–11 mm wide, twisted at base; fruit globular"	"Hakea incrassata"
28	"Pollen presenter a lateral disc"	29
28	"Pollen presenter an oblique disc"	30
29	"Flowers cream-white to pink internally; inflorescences not on old wood; leaves terete, not grooved; fruit globose, 3.8–6.5 cm wide, with tiny lateral apiculum; seed circular, 33–46 mm diam."	"Hakea platysperma"
29	"Flowers red, becoming black with age; inflorescences often on old wood; leaves flat or terete, the latter grooved on underside; fruit obliquely ovate, 1.5–2.6 cm wide, with very long apiculum at apex; seed obliquely ovate, 22–27 mm long"	"Hakea orthorrhyncha"
30	"Mature fruit lacking horns, often with corky outgrowths; gland prominent, U-shaped (small in H. brachyptera )"	31
30	"Mature fruit with horns, lacking corky outgrowths; gland a rectangular flap"	35
31	"Mucro at leaf apex bent"	"Hakea adnata"
31	"Mucro at leaf apex erect"	32
32	"Hairs white or yellow on claw, ferruginous on limb; fruit not noticeably corky with age, if at all; seed occupying most of valve"	33
32	"Hairs on perianth all white or yellow; fruit with conspicuous corky outgrowths with age; seed occupying part of valve"	34
33	"Leaves 2.5–5.5 mm long; perianth 3.5–4.2 mm long; fruit erect"	"Hakea polyanthema"
33	"Leaves 3–9.5 mm long; perianth 2–2.3 mm long; fruit inserted at right angles to stalk"	"Hakea brachyptera"
34	"Non-lignotuberous straggling shrub to 4 m tall; perianth 6.5–9 mm long; pistil 10–11 mm long; disc of pollen presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long"	"Hakea psilorrhyncha"
34	"Non-lignotuberous dense shrub to 2 m tall; perianth 4.5–7.5 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; disc of pollen presenter 0.8–1 mm long"	"Hakea obliqua"
35	"At least some inflorescences arising from old rachises of previous years"	36
35	"Inflorescences not arising from old rachises of previous years"	41
36	"Pedicel and perianth pubescent throughout; fruit horned"	"Hakea preissii"
36	"Pedicel and perianth glabrous, or pedicel sparsely hirsute and perianth glabrous except for sparsely hirsute limb in H. circumalata (which has terminal as well as axillary inflorescences); fruit horned or not"	37
37	"Buds straight; pollen presenter a ±porrect cone; flowers yellow (rounded shrub 1–3 m tall; branchlets and young leaves with appressed ferruginous hairs)"	"Hakea newbeyana"
37	"Buds curved; pollen presenter oblique or lateral disc"	38
38	"Inflorescences terminal and axillary"	39
38	"Inflorescences all axillary, sometimes on old wood as well"	40
39	"Leaves all on one side of branch; young growth glabrous; pedicels glabrous, red; fruit obliquely beaked; wing partly down one side of seed body only"	"Hakea commutata"
39	"Leaves not all to one side of branch; young growth pubescent; pedicels hirsute with white hairs; fruit not beaked; wing encircling seed body"	"Hakea circumalata"
40	"Fruit 1.5–2.2 cm long, 1.2–1.5 cm wide, not beaked; horns 5–6 mm long; flowers cream-white; pistil 4–4.5 mm long"	"Hakea bicornata"
40	"Fruit more than 2.5 cm long, more than 1.5 cm wide, obliquely beaked; horns 0–5 mm long; flowers red and yellow or pink or white; pistil more than 6.5 mm long"	"Hakea strumosa"
41	"Perianth glabrous or glabrescent by anthesis"	"Hakea leucoptera"
41	"Perianth hairy"	42
42	"Perianth 2.5–3 mm long; pistil 7–7.5 mm long; pedicel sparsely appressed-pubescent (rachis 3–6.5 mm long, densely brown-pubescent, sometimes mixed with sparse white hairs; leaf mucro uncinate; fruit obscurely horned; seed wing grey-yellow)"	"Hakea kippistiana"
42	"Perianth 3–6 mm long; pistil 7–11 mm long; pedicel sparsely to densely appressed- or raised-pubescent"	"Hakea leucoptera"
43	"Leaves flat or simple- or compound-terete; flat leaves obscurely veined; simple-terete leaves lacking 3–12 longitudinal grooves (i.e. not 3–12-angled in cross-section); fruit with or without horns"	44
43	"Leaves flat or simple-terete; flat leaves prominently veined, terete leaves 3–12-grooved longitudinally (i.e. 3–12 angled in cross-section); fruit always without horns (pollen presenter erect, conical)"	93
44	"Buds straight; pollen presenter conical; pedicel and perianth glabrous; fruit with horns"	45
44	"Buds curved; pollen presenter an oblique or lateral disc, rarely (Varia and Ruscifolia p.p. Groups) conical and erect; pedicel glabrous or pubescent; perianth glabrous or with sparser hairs than pedicel; fruit with or without horns"	54
45	"Fruit often on recurved stalk; new branchlets arising from rachis of inflorescence, glabrous or pubescent (sect. Manglesioides )"	46
45	"Fruit erect; new branchlets not arising from rachis of inflorescence, pubescent"	49
46	"Leaves flat, usually spine-toothed"	"Hakea nitida"
46	"Leaves simple- or compound-terete"	47
47	"Leaves flexible; young growth pubescent; rachis 17–26 mm long; flowers pale pink turning white"	"Hakea drupacea"
47	"Leaves rigid; young growth usually glabrous; rachis less than 10 mm long; flowers white, yellow or pink"	48
48	"Leaves usually simple, if compound then with 2 or 3 segments, not grooved; rachis glabrous; perianth 1.5–2.5 mm long"	"Hakea oldfieldii"
48	"Leaves compound with up to 14 segments, grooved or not; rachis tomentose; perianth 2.5–4 mm long"	"Hakea lissocarpha"
49	"Pedicel and perianth pubescent throughout; fruit horned"	"Hakea preissii"
49	"Pedicel and perianth glabrous, or pedicel sparsely hirsute and perianth glabrous except for sparsely hirsute limb in H. circumalata (which has terminal as well as axillary inflorescences); fruit horned or not"	50
50	"Buds straight; pollen presenter a ±porrect cone; flowers yellow (rounded shrub 1–3 m tall; branchlets and young leaves with appressed ferruginous hairs)"	"Hakea newbeyana"
50	"Buds curved; pollen presenter oblique or lateral disc"	51
51	"Inflorescences terminal and axillary"	52
51	"Inflorescences all axillary, sometimes on old wood as well"	53
52	"Leaves all on one side of branch; young growth glabrous; pedicels glabrous, red; fruit obliquely beaked; wing partly down one side of seed body only"	"Hakea commutata"
52	"Leaves not all to one side of branch; young growth pubescent; pedicels hirsute with white hairs; fruit not beaked; wing encircling seed body"	"Hakea circumalata"
53	"Fruit 1.5–2.2 cm long, 1.2–1.5 cm wide, not beaked; horns 5–6 mm long; flowers cream-white; pistil 4–4.5 mm long"	"Hakea bicornata"
53	"Fruit more than 2.5 cm long, more than 1.5 cm wide, obliquely beaked; horns 0–5 mm long; flowers red and yellow or pink or white; pistil more than 6.5 mm long"	"Hakea strumosa"
54	"Leaves simple-terete ('Needlewoods'), rarely (H. preissii and H. purpurea ) some compound-terete also present"	55
54	"Leaves flat or elliptic in cross-section, often dentate or divided into spine-tipped segments"	76
55	"Fruit not markedly woody, opening fully down both sides and valves recurving, smooth, not on a thickened branch, often lost very quickly from plant; seed occupying almost whole valve"	"Hakea recurva"
55	"Fruit distinctly woody, not opening fully down both sides and valves not recurving, smooth to tuberculate, borne on a thickened branch and long persistent; seed not occupying whole valve"	56
56	"Tepals remaining fused, splitting to base only between upper pair of tepals; flowers pink or red; pistil more than 14 mm long (pedicel and perianth glabrous)"	57
56	"Tepals not remaining fused, splitting to base between all 4; flowers white, yellow, red or pink; pistil less than 14 mm long"	59
57	"Pollen presenter conical; pistil 14–15.5 mm long (flowers pink with white limb, 6 or 8 per axil; inflorescence pendent, on apex of old branched rachises)"	"Hakea pendens"
57	"Pollen presenter ±lateral; pistil more than 20 mm long"	58
58	"Leaves 6.5–23 cm long, always simple; fruit with toothed crest either side of suture (inflorescences axillary, often from old wood)"	"Hakea rhombales"
58	"Leaves to 9.5 cm long, simple or compound; fruit lacking any toothed crest"	"Hakea verrucosa"
59	"Pedicel pubescent; perianth glabrous or with sparser hair covering than pedicel"	60
59	"Pedicel glabrous; perianth glabrous"	68
60	"Inflorescence terminal and axillary"	61
60	"Inflorescence axillary only"	66
61	"Pedicel and perianth pubescent throughout; fruit horned"	"Hakea preissii"
61	"Pedicel and perianth glabrous, or pedicel sparsely hirsute and perianth glabrous except for sparsely hirsute limb in H. circumalata (which has terminal as well as axillary inflorescences); fruit horned or not"	62
62	"Buds straight; pollen presenter a ±porrect cone; flowers yellow (rounded shrub 1–3 m tall; branchlets and young leaves with appressed ferruginous hairs)"	"Hakea newbeyana"
62	"Buds curved; pollen presenter oblique or lateral disc"	63
63	"Inflorescences terminal and axillary"	64
63	"Inflorescences all axillary, sometimes on old wood as well"	65
64	"Leaves all on one side of branch; young growth glabrous; pedicels glabrous, red; fruit obliquely beaked; wing partly down one side of seed body only"	"Hakea commutata"
64	"Leaves not all to one side of branch; young growth pubescent; pedicels hirsute with white hairs; fruit not beaked; wing encircling seed body"	"Hakea circumalata"
65	"Fruit 1.5–2.2 cm long, 1.2–1.5 cm wide, not beaked; horns 5–6 mm long; flowers cream-white; pistil 4–4.5 mm long"	"Hakea bicornata"
65	"Fruit more than 2.5 cm long, more than 1.5 cm wide, obliquely beaked; horns 0–5 mm long; flowers red and yellow or pink or white; pistil more than 6.5 mm long"	"Hakea strumosa"
66	"Perianth glabrous or glabrescent by anthesis"	"Hakea leucoptera"
66	"Perianth hairy"	67
67	"Perianth 2.5–3 mm long; pistil 7–7.5 mm long; pedicel sparsely appressed-pubescent (rachis 3–6.5 mm long, densely brown-pubescent, sometimes mixed with sparse white hairs; leaf mucro uncinate; fruit obscurely horned; seed wing grey-yellow)"	"Hakea kippistiana"
67	"Perianth 3–6 mm long; pistil 7–11 mm long; pedicel sparsely to densely appressed- or raised-pubescent"	"Hakea leucoptera"
68	"Fruits horned, not or obliquely beaked"	69
68	"Fruits obscurely horned, distinctly beaked"	74
69	"Pedicel and perianth pubescent throughout; fruit horned"	"Hakea preissii"
69	"Pedicel and perianth glabrous, or pedicel sparsely hirsute and perianth glabrous except for sparsely hirsute limb in H. circumalata (which has terminal as well as axillary inflorescences); fruit horned or not"	70
70	"Buds straight; pollen presenter a ±porrect cone; flowers yellow (rounded shrub 1–3 m tall; branchlets and young leaves with appressed ferruginous hairs)"	"Hakea newbeyana"
70	"Buds curved; pollen presenter oblique or lateral disc"	71
71	"Inflorescences terminal and axillary"	72
71	"Inflorescences all axillary, sometimes on old wood as well"	73
72	"Leaves all on one side of branch; young growth glabrous; pedicels glabrous, red; fruit obliquely beaked; wing partly down one side of seed body only"	"Hakea commutata"
72	"Leaves not all to one side of branch; young growth pubescent; pedicels hirsute with white hairs; fruit not beaked; wing encircling seed body"	"Hakea circumalata"
73	"Fruit 1.5–2.2 cm long, 1.2–1.5 cm wide, not beaked; horns 5–6 mm long; flowers cream-white; pistil 4–4.5 mm long"	"Hakea bicornata"
73	"Fruit more than 2.5 cm long, more than 1.5 cm wide, obliquely beaked; horns 0–5 mm long; flowers red and yellow or pink or white; pistil more than 6.5 mm long"	"Hakea strumosa"
74	"Perianth glabrous or glabrescent by anthesis"	"Hakea leucoptera"
74	"Perianth hairy"	75
75	"Perianth 2.5–3 mm long; pistil 7–7.5 mm long; pedicel sparsely appressed-pubescent (rachis 3–6.5 mm long, densely brown-pubescent, sometimes mixed with sparse white hairs; leaf mucro uncinate; fruit obscurely horned; seed wing grey-yellow)"	"Hakea kippistiana"
75	"Perianth 3–6 mm long; pistil 7–11 mm long; pedicel sparsely to densely appressed- or raised-pubescent"	"Hakea leucoptera"
76	"Most leaves spine-toothed for at least part of length, rarely in some populations of H. varia , H. florida (Varia Group) and H. linearis (Linearis Group) the majority of leaves entire but some spine-toothed leaves present; H. oleifolia (Varia Group) usually has the majority of leaves entire but some spine-toothed leaves present"	77
76	"Leaves entire"	90
77	"Pollen presenter conical; fruit clearly horned (leaves elliptic in cross-section, often with 1–8 mucronate segments or flat with regular or irregular marginal teeth, sometimes entire)"	78
77	"Pollen presenter an oblique disc; fruit horned or not"	84
78	"Leaves pinnatisect, 4–10 cm long, of 5–14 segments (ovary glandular; gland absent; fruit pubescent)"	"Hakea horrida"
78	"Leaves entire, toothed or lobed, not pinnatisect"	79
79	"Fruit pubescent; ovary glandular; gland absent"	"Hakea ilicifolia"
79	"Fruit glabrous; ovary glabrous; gland present"	80
80	"Leaves to 6 mm wide, entire or divided in 2–8 mucronate segments towards apex; fruit to 10 mm wide"	81
80	"Leaves more than 6 mm wide or if less, either toothed for whole length or fruit more than 12 mm wide"	83
81	"Buds c. 8 mm long; pistil 23–25 mm long"	"Hakea lasiocarpha"
81	"Buds to 3.5 mm long; pistil 4–5.5 mm long"	82
82	"Branchlets densely hirsute with ferruginous hairs persistent until flowering; shrubs with columnar habit"	"Hakea tuberculata"
82	"Branchlets appressed-sericeous, quickly glabrescent; shrubs not with columnar habit"	"Hakea varia"
83	"Shrub or small tree, 0.4–10 m tall; leaves usually entire with occasional leaves with single, or rarely to 4 teeth per side, elliptic; branchlets and young leaves appressed-pubescent"	"Hakea oleifolia"
83	"Shrub, 1–3 m tall; leaves usually with 1–10 teeth per side, occasionally entire, narrowly elliptic or obovate; branchlets and young leaves densely villous"	"Hakea florida"
84	"Young shoots arising from base of inflorescence, glabrous; fruit not green, clearly horned, smooth"	"Hakea linearis"
84	"Young shoots not arising from base of inflorescence; fruit usually green, or at least of similar colour to subtending leaves, obviously horned or not, with prickles, protuberances or toothed ridge along sutures, the prickles sometimes scattered all over"	85
85	"Leaves not stem-clasping at base; fruit 3.5–4.8 cm long, with crested ridges along sutures and abaxially, obviously horned"	"Hakea cristata"
85	"Leaves often stem-clasping or cordate at base; fruit to 3.5 cm long, with scattered or dense prickles, obscurely horned"	86
86	"Leaves amplexicaul, to 18 cm long (flowers white, often pink-tinged)"	"Hakea amplexicaulis"
86	"Leaves not amplexicaul but often auriculate, less than 6.5 cm long"	87
87	"Leaves dimorphic; upper leaves tricuspidate apically, much narrower and spinier than lower leaves (fruit pubescent, moderately to densely covered with tuberculate prickles, not green; flowers greenish white, cream or pink)"	"Hakea auriculata"
87	"Leaves not dimorphic; upper leaves not tricuspidate apically"	88
88	"Compact rounded shrub; flowers 1, 3 or 5 in axils, mid-yellow or orange with red-black on limb and tepal margins, unpleasantly scented; very young leaves with appressed sericeous hairs"	"Hakea denticulata"
88	"Spreading, erect or sprawling shrubs or small trees; flowers 4–16 in axils, cream-white or pink to red-purple, not unpleasantly scented; very young leaves glabrous or with non-sericeous hairs"	89
89	"Erect or sprawling tree or shrub; flowers cream-white, pink or red; perianth 3.5–5.5 mm long (widespread and variable)"	"Hakea prostrata"
89	"Spreading erect shrub; flowers deep red-purple; perianth 3–4 mm long"	"Hakea pritzelii"
90	"Fruit 7–8.5 cm long (flowers white or pink, becoming red, often on older wood below leaves)"	"Hakea megalosperma"
90	"Fruit less than 4 cm long"	91
91	"Inflorescences axillary (H. clavata has some terminal as well); fruits horned; leaves openly spaced on branchlets"	"Hakea clavata"
91	"Inflorescences terminal; fruits not horned; leaves crowded into short cylindrical branches"	92
92	"Pollen presenter a ±lateral disc; fruit glabrous"	"Hakea aculeata"
92	"Pollen presenter conical; fruit glabrous or pubescent"	"Hakea ruscifolia"
93	"Fruit decurved on rachis; secondary venation visible between longitudinal veins"	94
93	"Fruits not decurved on rachis; secondary venation usually obscure (visible in H. victoria and H. acuminata where longitudinal veins coalesce at base into a cream or red patch, and in H. petiolaris where flowers are on old wood and pink)"	107
94	"Leaves flat or undulate, entire, crenate or toothed; pistil 3–10.5 mm long"	95
94	"Leaves cupped or shell-like; margin entire or toothed; pistil 14–28 mm long"	105
95	"Leaf margin spinulose-dentate, some leaves rarely entire"	96
95	"Leaf margin entire or crenate"	98
96	"Leaves without visible secondary venation, with (0–)1–5 mucros per margin; fruit 1.1–1.8 cm long, 0.55–1.15 cm wide"	"Hakea oligoneura"
96	"Leaves with prominent secondary venation, (2–)5–10 mucros per margin; fruit 1.7–3 cm long, 0.8–1.4 cm wide"	97
97	"Erect shrub; leaves 20–65 mm wide, longitudinal veins 3–7; flowers cream-white; pistil 3–4 mm long; fruit 2.3–3 cm long, 1–1.4 cm wide, often more than 3 per axil"	"Hakea undulata"
97	"Bushy shrub; leaves 6–20 mm wide, longitudinal veins 1–3; flowers white to pink; pistil 4–6 mm long; fruit 1.7–2.3 cm long, 0.8–1.1 cm wide, never more than 3 per axil"	"Hakea anadenia"
98	"Leaves cordate or rounded at base, with secondary venation between main longitudinal veins very prominent"	99
98	"Leaves attenuate or narrowly cuneate at base, with secondary venation between main longitudinal veins prominent or obscure"	101
99	"Leaves 20–55 mm wide; branchlets densely tomentose, with hairs reddish brown"	"Hakea elliptica"
99	"Leaves 9–27 mm wide; branchlets tomentose or appressed-pubescent, with hairs colourless"	100
100	"Leaves with 3–5 main longitudinal veins above and below; pistil 6.5–10.5 mm long; fruit 21–31 mm long, with apex sometimes recurved"	"Hakea ferruginea"
100	"Leaves with 1–3 main longitudinal veins above and below; pistil 4.5–6 mm long; fruit 16–20 mm long, with apex not recurved"	"Hakea hastata"
101	"Perianth pink; pistil 9–10.5 mm long; fruit remaining closed on death of a branch or on herbarium specimens"	"Hakea neurophylla"
101	"Perianth white, cream or yellow; pistil less than 9 mm long; fruit opening on death of a branch or on herbarium specimens"	102
102	"Pedicels pubescent"	"Hakea dactyloides"
102	"Pedicels glabrous"	103
103	"Branchlets in flowering region glabrous or sparsely appressed-pubescent"	"Hakea loranthifolia"
103	"Branchlets in flowering region tomentose, often patchily glabrescent"	104
104	"Flowers with pedicel shorter than perianth; gland present, functional; leaves not curved"	"Hakea ambigua"
104	"Flowers with pedicel longer than perianth; gland absent or vestigial; leaves curved"	"Hakea falcata"
105	"Leaves ascending, not folded almost in half along midrib, in flowering region cordate to depressed-circular, overlapping and cupped about stem; flowers deep pink"	"Hakea cucullata"
105	"Leaves downturned, folded almost in half along midrib, in flowering region very broadly ovate to cordate or broadly ovate-acuminate; margins entire or sharply toothed; flowers white, rarely pale pink"	106
106	"Leaf margin entire or almost so (often very finely denticulate or crenulate); leaves elliptic to ovate in non flowering region, broadly ovate-acuminate in flowering region, 1.2–5 cm wide; apex narrowly acute; fruit 11–13 mm long"	"Hakea smilacifolia"
106	"Leaf margin sharply crenate-denticulate; leaves very broadly ovate to cordate, 3–7 cm wide; apex acuminate; fruit to 2 cm long"	"Hakea conchifolia"
107	"Leaves rigid, concave and usually whorled in flowering regions; margin entire or toothed; rachis knob-like; inflorescence subtended at base by persistent involucral bracts"	108
107	"Leaves not rigid, flat or terete, not whorled in flowering regions; margin entire; rachis knob-like or elongate; inflorescence not subtended at base by persistent involucral bracts"	112
108	"Leaf margin spinulose-dentate; apex rounded or emarginate; leaves flat and narrowly elliptic in lower parts, almost circular and with cream and red patches in flowering parts, 4–13 cm wide"	"Hakea victoria"
108	"Leaf margin entire or minutely denticulate; apex acute or acuminate to rounded-mucronate; leaves narrowly obovate or elliptic to linear, less than 4 cm wide"	109
109	"Perianth splitting to base between all 4 tepals; flowers 40–56 per inflorescence; pistil 22–23 mm long; gland U-shaped (longitudinal veins 1–3 above, 3–6 below)"	"Hakea cinerea"
109	"Perianth splitting to base abaxially only; flowers 12–18 per inflorescence; pistil more than 28 mm long; gland obovoid"	110
110	"Veins coalescing at base into a cream patch which may turn red with age; leaves narrowly obovate to elliptic, 9–38 mm wide; secondary (non-longitudinal) veins conspicuous"	"Hakea acuminata"
110	"Veins not coalescing into a cream or red patch; leaves narrowly obovate, to 14 mm wide; secondary venation obscure"	111
111	"Flowers pale yellowish green proximally, deep yellow distally; multi-stemmed, lignotuberous shrub"	"Hakea eneabba"
111	"Flowers pale yellowish green throughout; ?single-stemmed, non-sprouting shrub"	"Hakea corymbosa"
112	"Leaves flat, appearing petiolate; inflorescence a spherical or subspherical umbelliform raceme of 40–200 flowers, often on old wood (perianth pink; pistil 14–21 mm long)"	113
112	"Leaves flat, trigonous or terete, not petiolate; inflorescence an umbelliform or long simple raceme of 6–500 flowers, not spherical, rarely on old wood"	115
113	"Fruit not flanged adaxially; leaves 2.3–6 cm wide, acuminate; secondary venation between main longitudinal veins prominent (inflorescence axillary or on bare wood below leaves)"	"Hakea petiolaris"
113	"Fruit flanged (sometimes only narrowly) adaxially; leaves 0.6–2.9 cm wide, obtuse to acute; secondary venation between main longitudinal veins usually obscure"	114
114	"Leaf base narrowly attenuate; leaves 7–21 cm long, with 3–7 veins; inflorescence in axils of current growth; branchlets glabrous by flowering"	"Hakea laurina"
114	"Leaf base narrowly cuneate; leaves 3–10 cm long, with 3 longitudinal veins; inflorescence on bare nodes below leaves, rarely axillary; branchlets densely appressed-sericeous at flowering"	"Hakea obtusa"
115	"Rachis knoblike; leaves flat or terete and then 3–12-grooved longitudinally (sulcate); seed wing encircling body or extending fully or partly down both sides of body"	116
115	"Rachis elongate; leaves flat; seed wing extending down one side of seed body only"	136
116	"At least some leaves terete or subterete"	117
116	"Leaves flat, trigonous or otherwise angular in cross-section; no terete leaves present"	126
117	"Terete or subterete leaves with at least 5 angles, grooves or striations longitudinally (thick flat leaves sometimes also present)"	118
117	"Terete or subterete leaves with obscure longitudinal venation or obscurely 3-angled (trigonous or flat leaves sometimes also present)"	125
118	"Leaves finely striated with 12 longitudinal veins all around; inflorescences borne on bare wood below leafy parts (rarely among leaves); perianth mauve"	"Hakea subsulcata"
118	"Leaves with fewer than 12 longitudinal veins, angles or grooves; inflorescences borne among leaves"	119
119	"Leaves 10-sided at least in distal half, flat or shallowly concave between the angles (hexagonal in proximal half)"	"Hakea meisneriana"
119	"Leaves with fewer than 10 longitudinal veins, angles or grooves"	120
120	"Leaves with 5 deep narrow longitudinal grooves (much narrower than the broad intervening faces they separate)"	"Hakea invaginata"
120	"Leaves with 5 or more shallow to deep but broad longitudinal grooves or concavities (broader than the angles they separate)"	121
121	"Leaves with convex faces or shallowly grooved longitudinally, pentagonal to heptagonal in cross-section"	122
121	"Leaves deeply but openly grooved longitudinally, stellate-pentagonal or hexagonal in cross-section"	124
122	"Fruit scarcely woody, 0.8 cm or less in length, 0.35 cm or less in width; inflorescences with 14 or fewer flowers (thick flat leaves sometimes also present)"	"Hakea sulcata"
122	"Fruit woody, at least 1.7 cm long and 0.8 cm wide; inflorescences with at least 18 flowers"	123
123	"Inflorescences with 50–70 flowers; perianth cream, ageing pink to orange-pink; pistil 13–15 mm long"	"Hakea scoparia"
123	"Inflorescences with 18–20 flowers; perianth bright pink; pistil 6.5–8 mm long"	"Hakea rigida"
124	"Leaves with longitudinal veins 5 all around; inflorescences umbelliform racemes with 50–70 flowers; pistil 13–15 mm long; fruit 1.7–2.6 cm long"	"Hakea scoparia"
124	"Leaves with longitudinal veins 6 all around; inflorescences moderately elongate racemes with 24–34 flowers; pistil 8.5–9.5 mm long; fruit 1.1–1.4 cm long"	"Hakea gilbertii"
125	"Flowers opening steel blue; fruit covered with prickles; pistil 10.5–11.8 mm long"	"Hakea lehmanniana"
125	"Flowers opening cream-white; fruit without prickles; pistil 7 mm long or less"	"Hakea cygnus"
126	"Branchlets villous (sometimes additionally appressed-pubescent) or tomentose (hairs not appressed)"	127
126	"Branchlets sericeous or appressed-pubescent, sometimes (evenly or patchily) glabrescent to glabrous by flowering time"	129
127	"Branchlets tomentose"	"Hakea lehmanniana"
127	"Branchlets moderately to densely villous; (sometimes additionally appressed-pubescent)"	128
128	"Branchlets densely villous; leaves flat to trigonous, linear, rigid; perianth cream-white; pistil 6.5–9 mm long"	"Hakea costata"
128	"Branchlets moderately villous and appressed-pubescent; leaves flat, elliptic to broadly elliptic, not markedly rigid; perianth deep pinkish-red; pistil 13–18 mm long"	"Hakea myrtoides"
129	"Flowers 50–80 per inflorescence; pistil 13–16 mm long; pedicels mauve or purple"	"Hakea pycnoneura"
129	"Flowers fewer than 40 per inflorescence; pistil less than 12 mm long; pedicels cream-white, pink or blue but not mauve or purple"	130
130	"Pistil 10.5–11.8 mm long; fruit with prickles 1–6 mm long; flowers opening steel-blue, fading almost white"	"Hakea lehmanniana"
130	"Pistil less than 10 mm long; fruit without prickles; flowers variously coloured, never blue"	131
131	"Branchlets glabrous or almost so by flowering time"	"Hakea stenocarpa"
131	"Branchlets with sericeous or appressed pubescence persisting at least patchily until flowering time"	132
132	"Fruit scarcely woody, 0.8 cm long or less, 0.35 cm wide or less"	"Hakea sulcata"
132	"Fruit woody, at least 1.2 cm long, at least 0.5 cm wide"	133
133	"Leaves twisted through 90º at base"	134
133	"Leaves not twisted through 90º at base"	135
134	"Leaves oblong elliptic to narrowly obovate, with only marginal vein and midvein prominent (above & below); perianth cream-white"	"Hakea marginata"
134	"Leaves linear to narrowly obovate, with 2 lateral longitudinal veins prominent at least below, in addition to marginal veins and midvein; perianth pink or white"	"Hakea erecta"
135	"Branch supporting fruit markedly thickened; fruit obliquely ovate-elliptic; longitudinal veins (excluding prominent marginal veins) only faintly visible on underside of leaf; seed with wing encircling the ±centred body"	"Hakea cygnus"
135	"Branch supporting fruit not markedly thickened; fruit obliquely narrowly ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic; at least the midvein, and sometimes further longitudinal veins, prominent on underside of leaf; seed with terminal wing extending only ±narrowly down each side of body"	"Hakea rigida"
136	"Leaves less than 3 mm wide"	"Hakea bucculenta"
136	"Leaves more than 3 mm wide"	137
137	"Flowers cream (fruit prominently beaked; rachis 2–6 cm long, glabrous)"	"Hakea minyma"
137	"Flowers red or pink"	138
138	"Rachis 5–9 cm long; flowers 150–500 (fruit prominently beaked)"	"Hakea francisiana"
138	"Rachis 1–5 cm long; flowers 50–150"	"Hakea multilineata"