1	"Female plants"	2
1	"Male plants"	35
2	"Teeth 4–8 per whorl"	3
2	"Teeth more than 8 per whorl"	25
3	"Branchlets 1–6 cm long with 1–5 elongate articles each 0.6–5 cm long, mostly pungent"	4
3	"Branchlets mostly 8–50 cm long, with numerous elongate articles each 0.1–6 cm long, not pungent except A. decaisneana (if branchlets shorter than 8 cm long and/or if fewer than 7 elongated articles, then articles less than 1 cm long and penultimate branchlets green)"	8
4	"Teeth 5, slightly spreading, with deciduous broad white margins, 0.6–1.3 mm long"	"Allocasuarina ramosissima"
4	"Teeth 4, usually erect, occasionally scarious but without broad white margins"	5
5	"Teeth 0.3–0.6 mm long; samara with long ferruginous hairs, the wing absent or rudimentary; cone bracteoles without dorsal awn"	"Allocasuarina grevilleoides"
5	"Teeth 0.8–5 mm long; samara glabrous, with well-developed wing; cone bracteoles with dorsal awn 1–9 mm long"	6
6	"Branchlets with 2–4 elongate articles, each 8–16 mm long; cone bracteole protuberance with acuminate, awn-like apex c. 1 mm long (cone details obscured by tangled mass of greyish coarse hairs c. 1 cm long)"	"Allocasuarina fibrosa"
6	"Branchlets with 1 elongate article 15–50 mm long; cone bracteole protuberance with well-developed yellowish awn 1.3–9 mm long"	7
7	"Awn adherent to near apex of cone bracteole; slender plant with terete articles 0.6–0.9 mm diam."	"Allocasuarina acuaria"
7	"Awn separating from cone bracteole near base; coarse plant with quadrangular articles 1–1.2 mm diam."	"Allocasuarina pinaster"
8	"Penultimate as well as ultimate branchlets green; shrubs, intricate at maturity"	9
8	"Only ultimate branchlets green; penultimate branches slender but woody with brown to grey bark; trees or shrubs, rarely intricate"	10
9	"Teeth 4; phyllichnia verruculose to serrate; articles 2–6 mm long; samara wingless, with hairs shorter than body of samara"	"Allocasuarina microstachya"
9	"Teeth 6 or 7; phyllichnia smooth; articles 1.5–2.5 mm long; samara with small wing and hairs exceeding body of samara"	"Allocasuarina drummondiana"
10	"Cones warty or tessellated, with each cone bracteole divided into 3–20 small bodies"	11
10	"Cones with single protuberance or with protuberance fused to bracteole body"	15
11	"Articles quadrangular in T.S.; cone body diam. greater than or equal to length; pyramidal bodies 12–20"	"Allocasuarina decussata"
11	"Articles ±terete in T.S.; cone body length greater than or equal to diam.; pyramidal bodies 4–12"	12
12	"Teeth spreading [6–8]"	"Allocasuarina fraseriana"
12	"Teeth erect to appressed"	13
13	"Teeth 8–10; articles 7–14 mm long"	"Allocasuarina tessellata"
13	"Teeth 4–7; articles 3–7 mm long"	14
14	"Phyllichnia angular to strongly rounded, usually with median ridge often minutely serrate; teeth overlapping at least at base when young"	"Allocasuarina humilis"
14	"Phyllichnia flat to slightly rounded, often with smooth yellowish median line but no ridge; teeth not overlapping"	"Allocasuarina helmsii"
15	"Teeth pungent; articles 20–60 mm long; phyllichnia with median groove"	"Allocasuarina decaisneana"
15	"Teeth not pungent; articles 1–20 mm long, rarely with median groove, rarely to 25 mm long and then phyllichnia without median groove"	16
16	"Protuberance produced in a slender spine 1–8 mm long on at least some cones on a plant"	17
16	"Protuberance acute to obtuse or fused with cone bracteole body or rarely both bracteole and protuberance acuminate and pungent"	18
17	"Teeth 8–10"	"Allocasuarina corniculata"
17	"Teeth 5 or 6"	"Allocasuarina thuyoides"
18	"Phyllichnia verruculose or minutely serrate on median ridge"	"Allocasuarina huegeliana"
18	"Phyllichnia smooth, occasionally pubescent"	19
19	"Protuberance fused with bracteole body (often apex of protuberance discernible as a transverse line, occasionally with a tiny mucro)"	20
19	"Protuberance 1"	22
20	"Teeth spreading; cones recurved relative to branch; mature samara mid-brown; tree 4–9 m high"	"Allocasuarina dielsiana"
20	"Teeth erect; cones erect; mature samara black; shrub 1–3 m high"	21
21	"Phyllichnia rounded or nearly flat with small but definite median ridge; cones sessile or on peduncle to 5 mm long"	"Allocasuarina campestris"
21	"Phyllichnia flat or slightly rounded without median ridge; cones on peduncle 4–15 mm long"	"Allocasuarina eriochlamys"
22	"Teeth 1.5–3.5 mm long"	"Allocasuarina trichodon"
22	"Teeth less than 1.5 mm long"	23
23	"Phyllichnia without median groove"	"Allocasuarina lehmanniana"
23	"Phyllichnia with median groove along their length"	24
24	"Samara mid-brown, 5.5–6.0 mm long; teeth strongly marcescent"	"Allocasuarina tortiramula"
24	"Samara very dark brown to black, 3.5–5.5 mm long; teeth not or occasionally marcescent"	"Allocasuarina lehmanniana"
25	"Articles verruculose"	26
25	"Articles smooth"	29
26	"Teeth spreading; phyllichnia rounded"	"Allocasuarina huegeliana"
26	"Teeth erect; phyllichnia flat or slightly rounded; branchlets ascending"	27
27	"Dioecious; cone bracteoles with protuberance obtuse or acuminate with mucro less than 1 mm long"	"Allocasuarina acutivalvis"
27	"Monoecious; cone bracteoles with protuberance produced in a spine"	28
28	"Cone bracteoles with protuberance produced in a long spine 4–11 mm long"	"Allocasuarina spinosissima"
28	"Cone bracteoles with protuberance produced in a spine ≤ 3.5 mm long"	"Allocasuarina spinosissima subsp. Short spine (D.L. Serventy & A.R. Main s.n. 25/8/1960)"
29	"Dorsal protuberance fused with cone bracteole"	30
29	"Dorsal protuberance a separate pyramidal body, or cone bracteole divided into 3–5 bodies (dorsal protuberance not distinguishable)"	32
30	"Bracts prominent and thickened, acuminate with a hair-like, flexuous extension to 4.5 mm long (piliferous)"	"Allocasuarina anfractuosa"
30	"Bracts inconspicuous"	31
31	"Articles 20–52 mm long; teeth 1.3–2.7 mm long"	"Allocasuarina scleroclada"
31	"Articles 6–13 mm long; teeth 0.6–1.2 mm long"	"Allocasuarina campestris"
32	"Cone bracteole divided into 3–5 bodies; branchlets mostly with a thick waxy coating"	33
32	"Dorsal protuberance a single body; branchlets occasionally with a waxy bloom (more obvious when dry) but not forming a thick waxy coating"	34
33	"Teeth 10–12; articles 17–28 mm long; furrows mostly shortly pubescent"	"Allocasuarina globosa"
33	"Teeth 8–9; articles 7–14 mm long; furrows glabrous"	"Allocasuarina tessellata"
34	"Teeth 1.5–3.5 mm long"	"Allocasuarina trichodon"
34	"Teeth less than 1.5 mm long"	"Allocasuarina corniculata"
35	"Teeth 4–8 per whorl"	36
35	"Teeth more than 8 per whorl"	64
36	"Branchlets 1–6 cm long with 1–5 elongate articles, each 0.6–5 cm long, mostly pungent"	37
36	"Branchlets mostly 8–50 cm long with numerous elongate articles 0.1–6 cm long, not pungent except A. decaisneana (if branchlets less than 8 cm long and/or if fewer than 7 elongated articles, then articles less than 1 cm long and penultimate branchlets mostly green)"	41
37	"Teeth 5, slightly spreading, with deciduous broad white margins, 0.6–1.3 mm long"	"Allocasuarina ramosissima"
37	"Teeth 4, erect usually, occasionally scarious but without broad white margins"	38
38	"Teeth 0.3–0.6 mm long"	"Allocasuarina grevilleoides"
38	"Teeth 0.8–5 mm long"	39
39	"Branchlets with 2–4 elongate articles, each 8–16 mm long; spikes dense, 0.4–0.7 cm long; anther 0.5–0.8 mm long"	"Allocasuarina fibrosa"
39	"Branchlets with 1 elongate article 15–50 mm long"	40
40	"Slender plant with articles 0.6–0.9 mm diam.; spikes elongate, moniliform, 1–4 cm long; anther 0.7–0.9 mm long"	"Allocasuarina acuaria"
40	"Coarse plant with articles 1–1.2 mm diam.; spikes short, dense, 0.5–1 cm long; anther 1–1.4 mm long"	"Allocasuarina pinaster"
41	"Penultimate as well as ultimate branchlets green; shrubs, intricate at maturity"	42
41	"Only ultimate branchlets green; penultimate branches slender but woody with brown to grey bark; trees or shrubs, rarely intricate"	43
42	"Teeth 4; phyllichnia verruculose to serrate; articles 2–6 mm long"	"Allocasuarina microstachya"
42	"Teeth 6–7; phyllichnia smooth; articles 1.5–2.5 mm long"	"Allocasuarina drummondiana"
43	"Phyllichnia verruculose or with minutely serrate median ridge"	44
43	"Phyllichnia smooth"	45
44	"Male bracteoles persistent; teeth 8–10, 0.7–1.2 mm long"	"Allocasuarina fraseriana"
44	"Male bracteoles deciduous, usually falling as a unit with the 2 perianth segments; teeth 6–8, 0.5–0.7 mm long"	"Allocasuarina huegeliana"
45	"Teeth 1.5–3.5 mm long"	46
45	"Teeth less than 1.5 mm long"	48
46	"Teeth pungent; articles 20–60 mm long; phyllichnia with median groove"	"Allocasuarina decaisneana"
46	"Teeth not pungent; articles 1–20 mm long; phyllichnia without median groove"	47
47	"Teeth erect; articles mostly with a waxy coating"	"Allocasuarina eriochlamys"
47	"Teeth spreading to recurved; articles not waxy"	"Allocasuarina trichodon"
48	"Phyllichnia with median groove along their whole length"	49
48	"Phyllichnia without median groove"	50
49	"Male spikes less than 1 cm long; teeth strongly marcescent"	"Allocasuarina tortiramula"
49	"Male spikes 1–6 cm long; teeth not or occasionally marcescent"	"Allocasuarina lehmanniana"
50	"Teeth overlapping at least at base when young"	"Allocasuarina humilis"
50	"Teeth not overlapping, mostly not marcescent"	51
51	"Phyllichnia and teeth flat to slightly rounded at least near apex"	52
51	"Phyllichnia angular to strongly rounded, with ridge or convexity continuing onto teeth"	57
52	"Teeth 7–10, marcescent"	53
52	"Teeth 4–6, mostly not marcescent, rarely to 8 and then not marcescent"	55
53	"Male spikes with 10–16 whorls per cm"	"Allocasuarina corniculata"
53	"Male spikes with 7–11 whorls per cm"	54
54	"Articles with small but definite median ridge on phyllichnia"	"Allocasuarina campestris"
54	"Articles without ridge on phyllichnia"	"Allocasuarina eriochlamys"
55	"Anther 0.7–1.2 mm long; articles 5–14 mm long"	"Allocasuarina lehmanniana"
55	"Anther 0.4–0.7 mm long; articles 1–7 mm long; teeth 0.3–0.5 mm long; male spikes not moniliform"	56
56	"Male spikes 5–25 mm long, 9–12 whorls per cm; articles 3–7 mm long"	"Allocasuarina helmsii"
56	"Male spikes 1–5 mm long, of only 1–4 whorls; articles 1–3 mm long"	"Allocasuarina thuyoides"
57	"Male inflorescence very short, head-like, c. 0.5–0.6 cm diam.; tree or tall shrub"	"Allocasuarina dielsiana"
57	"Male inflorescence an elongate spike, 1–9 cm long, rarely less than 1 cm long and then a shrub"	58
58	"Tree 5–15 m high; bark corky or strongly fissured"	59
58	"Shrub or small tree 0.5–5 m high; bark smooth or slightly fissured"	60
59	"Articles quadrangular; teeth 4; monoecious"	"Allocasuarina decussata"
59	"Articles terete; teeth 6–8; usually dioecious"	"Allocasuarina fraseriana"
60	"Male spikes with 12–16 whorls per cm, 6–18 mm long"	"Allocasuarina humilis"
60	"Male spikes with 4–11 whorls per cm, 1–9 cm long"	61
61	"Furrows pubescent"	"Allocasuarina campestris"
61	"Furrows glabrous"	62
62	"Male spikes moniliform"	"Allocasuarina lehmanniana"
62	"Male spikes dense, not moniliform"	63
63	"Teeth marcescent"	"Allocasuarina tessellata"
63	"Teeth not marcescent or occasionally so at very apex"	"Allocasuarina lehmanniana"
64	"Articles verruculose"	65
64	"Articles smooth"	67
65	"Teeth spreading; phyllichnia rounded; branchlets drooping; male bracteoles usually falling as a unit with the 1 or 2 perianth segments"	"Allocasuarina huegeliana"
65	"Teeth erect; phyllichnia flat or slightly rounded; branchlets ascending; male bracteoles falling individually"	66
66	"Monoecious; male bracteoles persistent; male spikes dense, 7 or 8 whorls per cm; articles 1–1.8 mm diam."	"Allocasuarina spinosissima+Allocasuarina spinosissima subsp. Short spine (D.L. Serventy & A.R. Main s.n. 25/8/1960)"
66	Dioecious	"Allocasuarina acutivalvis"
67	"Male spikes head-like, borne terminally on sinuous branches"	"Allocasuarina anfractuosa"
67	"Male spikes not head-like, if borne terminally, then not on sinuous branches"	68
68	"Articles 20–52 mm long"	69
68	"Articles less than 20 mm long"	70
69	"Teeth 1.1–3 mm long"	"Allocasuarina scleroclada"
69	"Teeth 0.6–1 mm long, 10–12"	"Allocasuarina globosa"
70	"Teeth 1.5–3.5 mm long, not overlapping"	"Allocasuarina trichodon"
70	"Teeth less than 1.5 mm long"	71
71	"Phyllichnia flat or slightly broadly rounded"	72
71	"Phyllichnia angular or strongly rounded"	75
72	"Articles 17–28 mm long; teeth 10–12"	"Allocasuarina globosa"
72	"Articles 6–8 mm long; teeth 8–10"	73
73	"Male spikes with 10–16 whorls per cm"	"Allocasuarina corniculata"
73	"Male spikes with 7–11 whorls per cm"	74
74	"Articles with a small but definite median ridge on phyllichnia"	"Allocasuarina campestris"
74	"Articles without a ridge on phyllichnia"	"Allocasuarina eriochlamys"
75	"Anther broader than long; male spikes with 7–8 whorls per cm"	"Allocasuarina tessellata"
75	"Anther longer than broad; male spikes with 8.5–11 whorls per cm"	"Allocasuarina campestris"