1 "My specimen has flowers only" 2 1 "My specimen has both flowers and fruits" 45 1 "My specimen has fruits only" 94 2 "Flowers 1.5–2 cm long" "Terminalia grandiflora" 2 "Flowers 0.3–1 cm long" 3 3 "Leaves narrowly elliptical or lanceolate, exceeding 10 cm in length on petioles exceeding 2 cm long" "Terminalia erythrocarpa" 3 "Leaves not as above" 4 4 "Mature leaves with indumentum at least on the under-surface" 5 4 "Mature (but not very old) leaves glabrous or with a few scattered hairs" 16 5 "Calyx tube glabrous or thinly villous" 6 5 "Calyx tube pubescent" 7 6 "Leaves crowded; domatia inconspicuous" "Terminalia hadleyana" 6 "Leaves not crowded; domatia conspicuous" "Terminalia fitzgeraldii" 7 "Leaves glaucous and twice as long as wide" 8 7 "Leaves not glaucous usually less than twice as long as wide" 9 8 "Deciduous; bark flaky; domatia present in axils of leaf veins; inflorescence 32–110 mm long" "Terminalia canescens" 8 "Non-deciduous; bark not flaky; domatia absent; inflorescence 13–26 mm long" "Terminalia circumalata" 9 "Leaves with recurved margins, usually verruculose above" "Terminalia subacroptera" 9 "Leaves flat, rarely verruculose above" 10 10 "Petioles 0.5–1.5 cm long" 11 10 "Petioles (1.0–)1.5–7 cm long (if <1.5 cm, then plant prostrate)" 13 11 "Leaves sparsely hairy; calyx lobes glabrous" "Terminalia supranitifolia" 11 "Leaves densely hairy at least on the under-surface; calyx lobes usually pubescent" 12 12 "Style glabrous; leaves usually more than 5 cm wide" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. aridicola" 12 "Style hairy towards base; leaves usually less than 5 cm wide" "Terminalia platyptera" 13 "Style hairy towards base; domatia when present on primary veins" "Terminalia platyphylla" 13 "Style glabrous; domatia absent or along midvein" 14 14 "Leaves discolorous; domatia absenTerminalia" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. aridicola" 14 "Leaves concolorous; domatia absent or along midvein" 15 15 "Tree to 15 m; leaves and calyx tube tomentose; small domatia present along midveins" "Terminalia carpentariae" 15 "Prostrate shrub with erect branches to 1 m; leaves and calyx tube with spreading hairs; domatia (usually) absent" "Terminalia prostrata" 16 "Petioles of mature leaves more than 2 cm long" 17 16 "Petioles of mature leaves less than 2 cm long" 29 17 "Lamina usually more than 20 cm long and subcordate at the base" "Terminalia catappa" 17 "Lamina usually less than 20 cm long and not subcordate at the base" 18 18 "Leaves thin, usually ovate on slender petioles" "Terminalia petiolaris" 18 "Leaves thick, if ovate then on thick petioles" 19 19 "Calyx lobes acuminate; leaves glaucous" 20 19 "Calyx lobes acute; leaves rarely glaucous" 21 20 "Deciduous; bark flaky; domatia present in axils of leaf veins; inflorescence 32–110 mm long" "Terminalia canescens" 20 "Non-deciduous; bark not flaky; domatia absent; inflorescence 13–26 mm long" "Terminalia circumalata" 21 "Calyx lobes densely pubescent" "Terminalia latipes" 21 "Calyx lobes glabrous or sparsely hairy" 22 22 "Leaves usually ovate to elliptical and shortly attenuated at the base" 23 22 "Leaves obovate and markedly attenuated at the base" 25 23 "Both shoot and spike glabrous or with a few scattered hairs" "Terminalia ferdinandiana" 23 "Either shoot or spike or both hairy" 24 24 "Lamina concolorous, 5–10 cm long; domatia usually conspicuous" "Terminalia fitzgeraldii" 24 "Lamina discolorous, 8–17 cm long; domatia small" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. chillagoensis" 25 "Leaves concolorous and isobilateral" 26 25 "Leaves discolorous and dorsiventral" 27 26 "Flowers 5 mm in diameter; leaves 1.5–3 cm wide" "Terminalia arostrata" 26 "Flowers 7 mm in diameter; leaves 2.5–10 cm wide" "Terminalia savannicola" 27 "Domatia usually common and large; some flowers commonly flecked with red" "Terminalia muelleri" 27 "Domatia rare or small; flowers not flecked with red" 28 28 "Calyx tube pubescent style hairy" "Terminalia subacroptera" 28 "Calyx tube and style glabrous" "Terminalia melanocarpa" 29 "Leaves isobilateral and concolorous" 30 29 "Leaves dorsiventral and discolorous" 44 30 "Spike rachis and calyx glabrous" 31 30 "Spike rachis and calyx tube pubescent" 33 31 "Branchlets slender, pendulous; petiole 10–60 mm long" "Terminalia arostrata" 31 "Branchlets slender or thick, erect; petiole 3–15 mm long" 32 32 "Branchlets usually markedly swollen at the crowded nodes; leaves 64–105 mm long, 19–43 mm wide; inflorescence shorter than the leaves, 63–90 mm long; flowers 2.7–4.5 mm in diameter, 4.5–5.5 mm long; calyx lobes 1.5 1.5 mm" "Terminalia cunninghamii" 32 "Branchlets usually not swollen at the crowded nodes; leaves 18–85 mm long, 7–28 mm wide; inflorescence longer than the leaves, 43–73 mm long; flowers 2.3–2.8 mm in diameter, 2.8–4.4 mm long; calyx lobes 0.6 1.1 mm" "Terminalia kumpaja" 33 "Petioles less than 0.4 cm long; without glands on the petioles or leaf bases" "Terminalia bursarina" 33 "Petioles 0.3–3 cm long; glands on petioles or leaf bases" 34 34 "Lamina very large 9–36 cm long and petioles less than one-twelfth of the length of the lamina" 35 34 "Lamina 1–9 cm long or if longer then petiole at least one-tenth of the length of the lamina" 36 35 "Domatia along midvein" "Terminalia arenicola" 35 "Domatia along primary veins" "Terminalia catappa" 36 "Style hairy towards the base" 37 36 "Style glabrous" 40 37 "Domatia absent; rachis of spike glabrous or with sparse indumentum" 38 37 "Domatia present; rachis of spike with dense indumentum" 39 38 "Petioles ~0.5 mm in diameter; lamina usually more than twice as long as wide" "Terminalia oblongata" 38 "Petioles ~1 mm in diameter; lamina usually less than twice as long as wide" "Terminalia volucris" 39 "Calyx tube sericeous; leaves flat" "Terminalia microcarpa" 39 "Calyx tube pubescent; leaves with recurved margins" "Terminalia subacropetala" 40 "Calyx pilose; leaves acute or acuminate" "Terminalia complanata" 40 "Calyx lobes glabrous; leaves usually obtuse" 41 41 "Flowers often flecked red; domatia present and usually large" "Terminalia muelleri" 41 "Flowers not flecked red; domatia absent or small" 42 42 "Calyx tube with dense appressed pubescence; WA species" "Terminalia supranitifolia" 42 "Calyx tube glabrous or thinly pubescent; Qld species" 43 43 "Petioles less than 1 mm in diameter; leaves 1–5 cm" "Terminalia porphyrocarpa" 43 "Petioles ~1.5 mm in diameter; leaves 4–8 cm wide" "Terminalia melanocarpa" 44 "Leaves markedly glaucous, usually three times as long as wide" "Terminalia canescens" 44 "Leaves not markedly glaucous, usually twice as long as wide" "Terminalia pterocarya" 45 "Fruit dry, winged or with horns or tubercles" 46 45 "Fruit succulent, usually circular in transverse section, sometimes winged or prominently longitudinally winged when immature" 52 46 "Fruit (including wing) wider than long" 47 46 "Fruit (including wing) longer than wide" 49 47 "Wing 4–12 cm wide, not continuous around body of fruit; leaves 4–8.5 cm long, 2–5 cm wide" "Terminalia platyptera" 47 "Wing 1–3 cm wide, continuous around body of fruit; leaves 1.5–10 cm long, 0.5–6.5 cm wide" 48 48 "Leaves usually less than 2.5 cm wide and more than twice as long as width" "Terminalia oblongata" 48 "Leaves usually more than 2.5 cm wide and up to twice as long as wide" "Terminalia volucris" 49 "Fruit glabrous, winged; leaves usually twice as long as wide" "Terminalia pterocarya" 49 "Fruit pubescent, winged or with irregular horns or tubercles; leaves usually three times as long as wide" 50 50 "Strict rheophyte; bark deeply fissured but not flaky; fruit usually with warty protuberances" "Terminalia bursarina" 50 "Not a strict rheophyte, though sometimes in drainage lines; bark shallowly fissured or flaky; fruit without any warty protuberances" 51 51 "Deciduous; bark flaky; domatia present in axils of leaf veins; inflorescence 32–110 mm long" "Terminalia canescens" 51 "Non-deciduous; bark not flaky; domatia absent; inflorescence 13–26 mm long" "Terminalia circumalata" 52 "Fruit flattened, elliptic in outline, 1.5–2 cm long, 1–2 cm in diameter; yellow or brownish hairs on lower surface of leaf" "Terminalia complanata" 52 "Fruit round in transverse section, or somewhat compressed, not distinctly flattened; leaf hairs usually whitish" 53 53 "Fruit globular, ovoid or cylindrical, sometimes slightly compressed, up to 1.5 cm in diameter" 54 53 "Fruit globular, ovoid or ellipsoidal, sometimes somewhat compressed, more than 1.5 cm in diameter" 77 54 "At least one surface of mature leaves glabrous, except for hairs in domatia" 55 54 "Both surfaces of leaf with some hairs, particularly above and on veins beneath" 70 55 "Leaves less than twice as long as wide" 56 55 "Leaves more than twice as long as wide" 62 56 "Petiole less than 15 mm long" 57 56 "Petiole more than 15 mm long" 59 57 "Leaves shiny above" "Terminalia microcarpa" 57 "Leaves not markedly shiny" 58 58 "Domatia usually present and conspicuous; fruit sometimes shortly beaked; immature fruit not encircled by a wing" "Terminalia muelleri" 58 "Domatia absent; fruit not beaked; immature fruit compressed, encircled by a prominent wing" "Terminalia porphyrocarpa" 59 "Fruit cylindrical or ellipsoidal, beaked, 2–5 cm long, at least twice as long as wide; mature leaves pilulose or appressed pubescent beneath" 60 59 "Fruit ovoid or ellipsoidal, 1.2–3.5 cm long, less than twice as long as wide" 61 60 "Leaves shiny above, cuneate and sometimes oblique at base; fruit ellipsoidal, up to 2.5 cm long" "Terminalia petiolaris" 60 "Leaves not shiny, cuneate or obtuse at base; fruit cylindrical, up to 4 cm long" "Terminalia platyphylla" 61 "Leaves ovate, elliptic, oblong or obovate, truncate or shortly attenuate at base; immature fruit prominently ridged" "Terminalia latipes" 61 "Leaves obovate, markedly attenuate at base; immature fruit not prominently ridged" "Terminalia muelleri" 62 "Leaves narrowly ovate or elliptic, 3.3–4.5 times as long as wide" "Terminalia erythrocarpa" 62 "Leaves less than three times as long as wide" 63 63 "Petiole more than 15 mm long" 64 63 "Petiole less than 15 mm long" 67 64 "Leaves shiny above, scattered appressed hairs beneath" "Terminalia petiolaris" 64 "Leaves not shiny above, glabrous or becoming so on both surfaces" 65 65 "Leaves long-attenuate at base; immature fruit not ridged" "Terminalia muelleri" 65 "Leaves truncate or shortly attenuate at base; immature fruit ridged" 66 66 "Fruit and outside of calyx glabrous" "Terminalia ferdinandiana" 66 "Fruit and outside of calyx hairy" "Terminalia latipes" 67 "Leaves shiny above" 68 67 "Leaves not shiny above" 69 68 "Mature fruit ovoid, compressed, obscurely angled; immature fruit apiculate, sericeous" "Terminalia microcarpa" 68 "Mature fruit globular or ovoid, neither compressed nor angled; immature fruit winged or ridged, glabrous" "Terminalia supranitifolia" 69 "Domatia often present and conspicuous; fruit sometimes shortly beaked; immature fruit not encircled by prominent wing" "Terminalia muelleri" 69 "Domatia absent; mature fruit beaked; immature fruit compressed, encircled by wing" "Terminalia porphyrocarpa" 70 "Leaves with recurved margins, cuneate or shortly attenuate at base; immature fruit with two longitudinal ridges, winged at tip" "Terminalia subacroptera" 70 "Leaves not with recurved margins, sometimes cordate, truncate or obtuse at base; immature fruit sometimes ridged or winged, not winged at tip" 71 71 "Mature leaves tomentose on both surfaces; petiole 10–40 mm long" 72 71 "Mature leaves with rather sparse indumentum on lower surface; petiole 2–50 mm long" 73 72 "Fruit and outside of calyx hairy" "Terminalia carpentariae" 72 "Fruit and outside of calyx glabrous" "Terminalia hadleyana" 73 "Leaves shiny above, 2.5–6 cm wide; petiole 4–12 mm long" 74 73 "Leaves not shiny above, 2.5–14 cm wide; petiole 2–50 mm long" 75 74 "Leaves to 1.7 times as long as wide; immature fruit winged or ridged, shortly beaked" "Terminalia supranitifolia" 74 "Leaves 1.7 or more times as long as wide; immature fruit compressed, apiculate, sericeous" "Terminalia microcarpa" 75 "Fruit cylindrical, prominently beaked, 2–4 cm long, more than twice as long as wide" "Terminalia platyphylla" 75 "Fruit ovoid or ellipsoidal, shortly beaked, 1.2–2 cm long, less than twice as long as wide" 76 76 "Fruit purple or black, glabrous; leaves attenuate at base, almost glabrous above; erect tree" "Terminalia muelleri" 76 "Fruit red, pubescent; leaves truncate, cordate or shortly attenuate at base, villous above; prostrate shrub" "Terminalia prostrata" 77 "Leaves obtuse, truncate or subcordate at base, to twice as long as wide" 78 77 "Leaves attenuate or cuneate at base, 1–20 times as long as wide" 82 78 "Mature leaves tomentose on both surfaces" 79 78 "Mature leaves with rather sparse hairs or glabrous beneath" 80 79 "Fruit and outside of calyx hairy" "Terminalia carpentariae" 79 "Fruit and outside of calyx glabrous" "Terminalia hadleyana" 80 "Leaves 10–33 cm long; fruit ellipsoidal, compressed, angled, without a beak, 5–8 cm long, 2.5–5 cm in diameter" "Terminalia catappa" 80 "Leaves 3–20 cm long; fruit ovoid, sometimes slightly compressed and somewhat angled, with a short or thick beak, up to 4 cm long" 81 81 "Leaves broadly obtriangular or obovate, 10–20 cm long; petiole 4–15 mm long" "Terminalia arenicola" 81 "Leaves ovate, elliptic or rarely obovate, 6–12 cm long; petiole 20–40 mm long" "Terminalia fitzgeraldii" 82 "Leaves tomentose or pubescent, becoming sparse with age" 83 82 "Leaves glabrous, sometimes hairy when young, becoming glabrous or almost so" 86 83 "Fruit not beaked, 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter; immature fruit compressed with lateral wings" 84 83 "Fruit shortly beaked, to 1.6 cm in diameter, sometimes with obscure angles; immature fruit prominently ridged" 85 84 "Leaves usually densely pubescent, occasionally becoming almost glabrous above, 3–9 cm long, 2–5.5 cm wide; petiole 3–20 mm long; fruit densely pubescent" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. aridicola" 84 "Leaves usually sparsely pubescent, occasionally becoming almost glabrous on both surfaces, 4–15 cm long, 3–7 cm wide; petiole 10–30 mm long; fruit usually sparsely pubescent to subglabrous" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. chillagoensis" 85 "Fruit and outside of calyx hairy" "Terminalia carpentariae" 85 "Fruit and outside of calyx glabrous" "Terminalia hadleyana" 86 "Leaves less than twice as long as wide" 87 86 "Leaves more than twice as long as wide" 90 87 "Leaves broadly obovate or obtriangular, 6–14.5 cm wide; fruit ovoid, 2.5–4 cm long; immature fruit compressed, ribbed" "Terminalia arenicola" 87 "Leaves ovate, up to 7.5 cm wide; fruit globular or ovoid, up to 3 cm long" 88 88 "Fruit with distinct angles; immature fruit compressed, with a continuous wing up to 5 mm wide" "Terminalia melanocarpa" 88 "Fruit without angles; immature fruit not winged, often with 2–7 longitudinal ridges" 89 89 "Flowers 5 mm in diameter; leaves 1.5–3 cm wide" "Terminalia arostrata" 89 "Flowers 7 mm in diameter; leaves 2.5–10 cm wide" "Terminalia savannicola" 90 "Leaves 0.5–2 cm wide, 3.5–10 or more times as long as wide, fruit prominently beaked" "Terminalia grandiflora" 90 "Leaves 1–5 cm wide, up to four times as long as wide; fruit not beaked or with a short beak" 91 91 "Petiole 2–15 mm long; fruit globular or ovoid, ~4 cm long, 3.5 cm in diameter" 92 91 "Petiole 10–60 mm long; fruit globular, 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter" 93 92 "Branchlets usually markedly swollen at the crowded nodes; leaves 64–105 mm long, 19–43 mm wide; inflorescence shorter than the leaves, 63–90 mm long; flowers 2.7–4.5 mm in diameter, 4.5–5.5 mm long; calyx lobes 1.5 1.5 mm" "Terminalia cunninghamii" 92 "Branchlets usually not markedly swollen at the crowded nodes; leaves 18–85 mm long, 7–28 mm wide; inflorescence shorter than the leaves, 43–73 mm long; flowers 2.3–2.8 mm in diameter, 2.8–4.4 mm long; calyx lobes 0.6 1.1 mm" "Terminalia kumpaja" 93 "Flowers 5 mm in diameter; leaves 1.5–3 cm wide" "Terminalia arostrata" 93 "Flowers 7 mm in diameter; leaves 2.5–10 cm wide" "Terminalia savannicola" 94 "Fruit usually with horn(s) or tubercules from galls on at least one surface" "Terminalia bursarina" 94 "Fruit usually without horn(s) or tubercules on either surface" 95 95 "Fruit with wings wider than long" 96 95 "Fruit wingless or if winged not wider than long" 98 96 "Fruit hairy, 4–12 cm in diameter, including the wings" "Terminalia platyptera" 96 "Fruit glabrous, 2.5–7 cm in diameter, including the wings" 97 97 "Lamina of leaf more than twice as long as wide" "Terminalia oblongata" 97 "Lamina of leaf less than twice as long as wide" "Terminalia volucris" 98 "Fruit with wing of nearly even width, continuous around body" 99 98 "Fruit wingless, or if winged, then wings wider towards the apex" 101 99 "Fruit not glaucous, glabrous" "Terminalia pterocarya" 99 "Fruit glaucous, usually pubescent" 100 100 "Deciduous; bark flaky; domatia present in axils of leaf veins; inflorescence 32–110 mm long" "Terminalia canescens" 100 "Non-deciduous; bark not flaky; domatia absent; inflorescence 13–26 mm long" "Terminalia circumalata" 101 "Fruit with persistent dense pubescence" 102 101 "Fruit glabrous, glabrescent, or sericeous, not densely pubescent" 105 102 "Leaves glabrous" "Terminalia latipes" 102 "Leaves pubescent" 103 103 "Mature fruit 15–25 mm in diameter; winged towards apex when immature, usually globular with a transverse angle at the apex when mature" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. aridicola" 103 "Mature fruit up to 16 mm in diameter; fruit ridged, not winged when immature; ovoid, usually beaked when mature" 104 104 "Prostrate or semi-erect shrub up to 1 m; leaves with spreading hairs; fruit red" "Terminalia prostrata" 104 "Tree to 15 m; leaves tomentose; fruit yellow–green" "Terminalia carpentariae" 105 "Mature fruit 5–8 cm long" "Terminalia catappa" 105 "Mature fruit 1–4 cm long" 106 106 "Fruit globular or ovoid, less than 1.2 cm in diameter, with a terete beak and corky tissue" "Terminalia erythrocarpa" 106 "Fruit variously shaped, if globular or ovoid with a terete beak, then more than 1.5 cm in diameter and without corky tissue" 107 107 "Fruit more than 2 cm in diameter with well developed areas of alveolar tissue" 108 107 "Fruit less than 2 cm in diameter or more than 2 cm in diameter but without well developed areas of alveolar tissue" 114 108 "Fruit beakless or nearly so and globular" "Terminalia arostrata" 108 "Fruit beaked, the beak sometimes swollen to make the whole fruit ovoid" 109 109 "Petioles 2–5 cm long" 110 109 "Petioles 0.5–1.5 cm long" 111 110 "Leaves ovate, glabrescent" "Terminalia fitzgeraldii" 110 "Leaves obovate, glabrous" "Terminalia savannicola" 111 "Fruit usually more than 3 cm in diameter" 112 111 "Fruit usually less than 2.5 cm in diameter" 113 112 "Branchlets usually markedly swollen at the crowded nodes; leaves 64–105 mm long, 19–43 mm wide; inflorescence shorter than the leaves, 63–90 mm long" "Terminalia cunninghamii" 112 "Branchlets usually not swollen at the crowded nodes; leaves 18–85 mm long, 7–28 mm wide; inflorescence longer than the leaves, 43–73 mm long" "Terminalia kumpaja" 113 "Leaves discolorous, 5–14 cm wide" "Terminalia arenicola" 113 "Leaves concolorous, 1–2 cm wide" "Terminalia grandiflora" 114 "Fruit with mucilage spaces, compressed ellipsoid with thick lateral ridges" "Terminalia complanata" 114 "Fruit without mucilage spaces, if compressed not ellipsoid with thick lateral ridges" 115 115 "Fruit sericeous" "Terminalia microcarpa" 115 "Fruit glabrous or thinly pubescent" 116 116 "Fruit l.7–2.5 cm in diameter, with corky tissue" "Terminalia arenicola" 116 "Fruit usually less than 1.5 cm in diameter, without corky tissue" 117 117 "Fruit cylindrical or ellipsoid with a ring of alveolar tissue, when immature sometimes compressed with lateral angles" 118 117 "Fruit ovoid or globular, without or with isolated small areas of alveolar tissue, when immature compressed with lateral wings or ridges" 121 118 "Leaves thin and broadly ovate" "Terminalia petiolaris" 118 "Leaves thick and obovate" 119 119 "Fruit 2–4 cm long; leaves flat with raised reticulations below" "Terminalia platyphylla" 119 "Fruit 0.5–2 cm long; leaves usually with recurved margins and reticulations not markedly raised" 120 120 "Domatia conspicuous; leaves glabrous; fruit 0.8–1.5 cm in diameter" "Terminalia muelleri" 120 "Domatia small or absent; leaves usually hairy below; fruit 0.5–0.9 cm in diameter" "Terminalia subacroptera" 121 "Leaves with dense indumentum on both surfaces" "Terminalia hadleyana" 121 "Leaves glabrous or glabrescent early at least on the upper surface" 122 122 "Leaves with recurved margins; usually hairy below; mature fruit with narrow succulent tissue" "Terminalia subacroptera" 122 "Leaves flat, usually glabrous below; mature fruit with wide, succulent tissue (more than 50% of fruit diameter)" 123 123 "Petioles more than 2 cm long; lamina usually more than 5 cm wide" 124 123 "Petioles less than 1.5 cm long; lamina usually less than 5 cm wide" 126 124 "Fruit with beak and when immature with lateral ridges" "Terminalia ferdinandiana" 124 "Fruit without beak and when immature with lateral wings expanded towards apex" 125 125 "Leaves obovate; fruit longer than wide" "Terminalia melanocarpa" 125 "Leaves ovate; fruit usually as long as wide" "Terminalia aridicola subsp. chillagoensis" 126 "Fruit 2–3 cm long; when immature commonly retuse at apex" "Terminalia melanocarpa" 126 "Fruit 1–2 cm long; when immature not retuse" 127 127 "Fruit ovoid, usually shortly beaked, when immature with ridge of approximately even width" "Terminalia supranitifolia" 127 "Fruit globular, commonly apiculate but not beaked, when immature with wing wider towards apex" "Terminalia porphyrocarpa"