1	"Epicalyx bracts absent or falling early and appearing to be absent"	2
1	"Epicalyx bracts present and persistent"	9
2	"Plants with only simple hairs or only scales (lepidote) AND leaf blades cordate, 6-15 cm long"	3
2	"Plants with stellate hairs"	5
3	"Branchlets and young leaves with scales (lepidote); flowers bright yellow, 50-78 mm long; trees to 12 m"	Thespesia
3	"Branchlets and leaves with simple hairs; flowers white or lavender, 8-15 mm long; herbs or shrubs to 1.4 m"	4
4	"Stems and branchlets pubescent or sparsely pubescent with retrorse simple hairs 0.7–2 mm long; herbs to 80 cm; flowers solitary on peduncles 2–6 cm long (Anoda cristata)"	Anoda
4	"Stems and branchlets hirsute with simple erect hairs 2-4 mm long; flowers in dense terminal or axillary heads; subshrubs or shrubs to 1.4 m (Malachra fasciata var. lineariloba)"	Malachra
5	"Mericarps divided into an indehiscent lower cell and dehiscent upper cell by a constriction; seeds 1 in lower cell and seeds 2 in upper cell"	Wissadula
5	"Mericarps not divided into two cells by a constriction"	6
6	"Ovules and seeds 2 or more in each locule"	7
6	"Ovules and seeds solitary in each locule"	8
7	"Fruits inflated with fragile walls, dehiscent; flowers white; ovules and seeds 2 or 3 per locule (Herissantia crispa)"	Herissantia
7	"Fruits not inflated; dorsally dehiscent; flowers yellow, orange or red; ovules and seeds 3–6 per locule"	Abutilon
8	"Flowers unisexual and/or bisexual; stigmas decurrent on the style branches, style branches filiform to narrowly clavate"	Lawrencia
8	"Flowers bisexual; stigmas apical, usually capitate or distinctly larger than the remainder of the style branches"	Sida
9	"Epicalyx fused, 5-lobed"	10
9	"Epicalyx bracts distinct or basally connate, 3–12, or if fused then 7–12-lobed"	11
10	"Leaf blades with a rimmed foliar gland at base of midrib below"	Urena
10	"Leaf blades without foliar glands (Pavonia hastata)"	Pavonia
11	"Epicalyx bracts 3"	12
11	"Epicalyx bracts or lobes 4–12"	15
12	"Black glands present on leaves, stems and/or calyces"	Gossypium
12	"Black glands absent from leaves, stems and calyces"	13
13	"Flowers pink, white, mauve or lilac"	Malva
13	"Flowers yellow, orange or red"	14
14	"Flowers solitary, pedunculate, orange or red; creeping herbs or subshrubs rooting at nodes; ovaries and capsules 20-locular (Modiola caroliniana)"	Modiola
14	"Flowers in spikes or racemes, yellow or orange; shrubs or subshrubs to 0.7 m; ovaries and capsules 8–15-locular"	Malvastrum
15	"Calyx spathe-like, split to base on one side, caducous"	Abelmoschus
15	"Calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed, not split to base on one side, persistent"	16
16	"Pedicels surmounted by 3 rounded nectaries; style undivided with 4 or 5 decurrent stigmatic lobes (Azanza thespesioides)"	Azanza
16	"Pedicels without rounded nectaries; style branches 5-10; stigmas capitate"	17
17	"Ovary (5–) 9- or 10-locular; style branches (5–8) 9 or 10; capsules (5–) 10-valved (Decaschistia peninsularis)"	Decaschistia
17	"Ovary 5-locular or 5-carpellate; style branches 5 or 10; capsules 5-valved or mericarps 5"	18
18	"Ovules 3 or more per locule; style branches 5; fruits dry capsules"	Hibiscus
18	"Ovules 1 per locule; style branches 10; fruits schizocarps, red, fleshy and berry-like, 8–15 mm diameter"	Malvaviscus