1 "Vines; leaves ternately compound" 2 1 "Trees or shrubs; tendrils absent; leaves bipinnate, pinnate, trifoliolate or simple" 3 2 "Inflorescences bearing tendrils at base of rachis; fruit an inflated capsule" Cardiospermum 2 "Inflorescences without tendrils; fruit schizocarpic, splitting into 3 samaroid mericarps, each with a proximal wing (Serjania exarata)" Serjania 3 "Leaves bipinnate" 4 3 "Leaves pinnate, trifoliolate or simple" 5 4 "Leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae, each with 5–9 leaflets; leaflets 5–18 cm long, 2.5–7 cm wide; flowers white or cream, 2–4 mm diameter; fruit ellipsoidal, fleshy, indehiscent, yellow to brown, 2–3 cm long; native; Cape York Peninsula (Tristiropsis acutangula)" Tristiropsis 4 "Leaves with 3 or 4 pinnae, each with 8–17 leaflets; leaflets 5.5–10 cm long, 1.3–4 cm wide; flowers yellow, 8–12 mm diameter; fruit a pink to purple, 3-sided papery capsule 3.5–6 cm long; naturalised; SE Qld (Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana)" Koelreuteria 5 "Leaves pinnate or trifoliolate" 6 5 "Leaves simple, sometimes deeply lobed" 33 6 "Leaves trifoliolate; sepals and petals 4, in pairs; erect or scrambling shrubs (Allophylus cobbe)" Allophylus 6 "Leaves pinnate; erect shrubs and trees" 7 7 "Leaf indumentum of stellate or tufted hairs, usually interspersed with some simple hairs" 8 7 "Leaf Indumentum of simple and/or glandular hairs, scales or papillae or leaves glabrous" 10 8 "Leaf indumentum of sessile and coarse stipitate stellate hairs; leaves trifoliolate or pinnate (Cossinia australiana)" Cossinia 8 "Leaf indumentum of sessile stellate hairs; leaves pinnate; fruit 1- or 2-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent or indehiscent" 9 9 "Leaflets glaucous below, with glands along midrib and near margin below; fruit indehiscent, usually 1-lobed; seed 1 per loculus (Dimocarpus australianus)" Dimocarpus 9 "Leaflets paler below but not glaucous, without glands on lower surface; fruit dehiscent, 2-lobed and 2-valved; seeds 1 or 2 per locule" Harpullia 10 "Leaves and branchlets with resinous scales (Ganophyllum falcatum)" Ganophyllum 10 "Leaves and branchlets with simple and/or glandular hairs or papillae" 11 11 "Leaflets papillate below (visible with lens) (Cnesmocarpon dasyantha)" Cnesmocarpon 11 "Leaflets not papillate below" 12 12 "Fruit separating into samaras with wings 2-4.5 cm long" 13 12 "Fruit not a samara" 14 13 "Leaves paripinnate, rarely imparipinnate; petals and disk present; native" Atalaya 13 "Leaves imparipinnate; petals and disk absent; doubtfully naturalised (Acer negundo)" Acer 14 "Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets up to 40 mm long and 8 mm wide; fruit membranous or chartaceous, capsular, 2–6-angled or 2–6-winged" Dodonaea 14 "Leaves paripinnate; leaflets > 40 mm long and > 8 mm wide; fruit not membranous" 15 15 "Fruit indehiscent or breaking up irregularly" 16 15 "Fruit loculicidally dehiscent" 18 16 "Petals with well-developed crested scales (Lepisanthes senegalensis)" Lepisanthes 16 "Petals with small, crestless scales" 17 17 "Fruit depressed-globular or oblate, 2.5-3 cm long, 3–6 cm diameter, indehiscent (Castanospora alphandii)" Castanospora 17 "Fruit with 1–4 globose lobes, < 1.5 cm long, pericarp thin, crustaceous, splitting irregularly" Alectryon 18 "Stamens 5; petals absent" Dictyoneura 18 "Stamens 7 or 8; petals present, rarely absent" 19 19 "Sepals free or calyx lobes almost free, usually 2-seriate, orbicular, concave, elliptic or obovate" 20 19 "Sepals connate at base, cupular, the lobes toothed or partite, ovate" 24 20 "Petals 4 of similar size or 5 with one much reduced" Diploglottis 20 "Petals 5, all of similar size" 21 21 "Sepals petaloid or petaloid on the margins" 22 21 "Sepals not petaloid" 23 22 "Sepals glandular-punctate and petaloid; aril covering all or most of seed" Lepiderema 22 "Sepals not glandular-punctate, petaloid only on margins; aril covering < third of seed" Rhysotoechia 23 "Petal scales crested; leaflets usually glaucous below and pellucid-punctate; capsule valves glabrous inside" Guioa 23 "Petals scales not crested; leaflets not glaucous below and not pellucid-punctate; capsule valves villous or pubescent inside" Cupaniopsis 24 "Petals scales crested" 25 24 "Petals scales not crested" 28 25 "Fruit usually with fleshy wings; valves glabrous inside; aril thin, covering seed" Sarcopteryx 25 "Fruit usually without wings; valves villous inside; aril small and basal, or mantle-like over seed" 26 26 "Fruit rusty, setose; leaflets pellucid-dotted, serrate or entire" Jagera 26 "Fruit glabrous outside, or if hairy then not setose; leaflets not pellucid-dotted, usually entire" 27 27 "Valves usually drying thick and woody, densely villous inside; aril small, disc-like, at base of seed; cymules not in clusters; leaflets usually with domatia" Toechima 27 "Valves drying thin and wrinkled, sparsely villous inside; aril small, mantle- like, adhering to basal part of seed; cymules usually in clusters; leaflets without domatia" Synima 28 "Aril very small at base of seed, sometimes absent" 29 28 "Aril usually covering seed" 30 29 "Pericarp thick, drying hard and woody; fruit 3-locular; aril dorsal; inflorescence a raceme or panicle; leaflets usually with domatia" Elattostachys 29 "Pericarp usually very fleshy, drying thin; fruit 2- or 3-locular; aril at base of seed or absent; inflorescence raceme-like; leaflets without domatia" Sarcotoechia 30 "Fruit not lobed; loculicidally 2-valved; aril with basal spur; tertiary venation obvious and finely reticulate" Mischocarpus 30 "Fruit divaricately 2- or 3-lobed, 1-lobed or not lobed, 2-valved or irregularly dehiscent; aril not spurred; tertiary venation diffuse, not reticulate" 31 31 "Petals 0.5–1.2 mm long. with one large scale 1-1.5 mm long; domatia comprising hair tufts; fruit obovoid, 2-lobed, 2-valved (Lepidopetalum fructoglabrum)" Lepidopetalum 31 "Petals 1.5–3.5 mm long with 2 small scales; domatia comprising domes or pockets; fruit either with 1-3 lobes, lobes 2-valved, or fruit not lobed, irregularly dehiscent or loculicidally 3-valved" 32 32 "Leaflets 4–8 pairs; domatia raised domes and crater-like, glabrous; calyx punctate; fruit irregularly lobed or not lobed, usually irregularly dehiscent, drying black" Mischarytera 32 "Leaflets 1–4 pairs; domatia pocket shaped, pubescent; calyx not punctate; fruit divaricately 1-3-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent by valves, drying brown" Arytera 33 "Petals present; fruit a winged samara" Atalaya 33 "Petals absent; fruit a capsule or splitting irregularly and with 1-4-rounded lobes" 34 34 "Sepals united; ovule 1 per locule; fruit with 1–4 rounded lobes, not winged, splitting irregularly; aril red, cupular" Alectryon 34 "Sepals free; ovules 2 per locule; fruit with 2–6 wings or angles; aril absent or white and funnel-shaped" Dodonaea