1 "Plants perennial" 2 1 "Plants annual or biennial" 125 2 "Plants woody" 3 2 "Plants herbaceous" 61 3 "Plants forming alpine cushions" 4 3 "Plants shrubby" 10 4 "Plants dioecious" 5 4 "Plants synoecious" 6 5 "Outer florets yellow; Asia" Sinoleontopodium 5 "Outer florets.purple to blue; South America" Mniodes 6 "Habit ericoid" Bryomorphe 6 "Habit not ericoid" 7 7 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically and dorsally. or dorsally only" 8 7 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically only" 9 8 "Central florets yellow" Raouliopsis 8 "Central florets purple" Jalcophila 9 "Leaf apex apiculate; Tasmania" Pterygopappus 9 "Leaf apex truncate or obtuse; New Zealand" Raoulia 10 "Habit ericoid" 11 10 "Habit not ericoid" 22 11 "Capitulum not narrowly cylindric" 12 11 "Capitulum narrowly cylindric" 17 12 "Leaves extremely densely set, imbricate" 13 12 "Leaves not extremely densely set, not imbricate" 14 13 "Central florets purple" Phaenocoma 13 "Central florets yellow" Dolichothrix 14 "Involucral bracts cartilaginous" Lachnospermum 14 "Involucral bracts papery" 15 15 "Pappus scabrid or barbellate" Hydroidea 15 "Pappus distinctly plumose, at least apically" 16 16 "Ștereome undivided" Pterothrix 16 "Stereome divided" Trichogyne 17 "Outer radiate florets present" 18 17 "Outer radiate florets absent" 19 18 "Involucral bracts with brown papery lamina" Amphiglossa 18 "Involucral bracts without lamina" Disparago 19 "Involucral bracts cartilaginous" 20 19 "Involucral bracts papery" 21 20 "Capitulum with one floret" Stoebe 20 "Capitulum with two or more florets" Elytropappus 21 "Capitula many in.corymbs" Metalasia 21 "Capitula solitary or only a few together" Planea 22 "Capitula heterogamous, radiate or disciform" 23 22 "Cåpitula homogamous, discoid" 44 23 "Outer, florêts filiform or tubular" 24 23 "Outer florets radiate" 34 24 "Central florėts perfect" 25 24 "Central florets functionally male" 29 25 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically only" 26 25 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally only or apically and dorsally" 27 26 "Branches terminating in a thorn" Acanthocladium 26 "Branches not terminating in a thorn" Ozothamnus 27 "Outer florets purple to blue" Gnaphaliothamnus 27 "Outer florets white or yellow" 28 28 "Capitula solitary or only a few together; North Africa" Aliella 28 "Capitula many in terminal panicles; Australia" Cremnothamnus 29 "Leaf lamina flat" 30 29 "Leaf lamina not flat" 31 30 "Receptacle paleate" Petalacte 30 "Receptacle epaleate" Langebergia 31 "Leaf margin concave to involute" Loricaria 31 "Leaf margin revolute" 32 32 "Outer florets white or yellow" Anderbergia 32 "Outer florets purple to blue" 33 33 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally only; Central and South America" Chionolaena 33 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically only; South Africa" Anaxeton 34 "Outer florets yellow with purple stripes abaxially" 35 34 "Outer florets not discolourous" 40 35 "Receptacle paleate" 36 35 "Receptacle epaleate" 39 36 "Central florets with 1-4 pappus bristles" Rosenia 36 "Central florets without pappus bristles" 37 37 "Subterranean thick woody tubers or rhizomes present" Comborhiza 37 "Subterranean thick woody tubers or rhizomes absent" 38 38 "Plants glabrous (if hairy, then with capitula congested in secondary heads)" Oedera 38 "Plants £ hairy or glandular-hairy, capitula generally solitary" Relhania 39 "Pappus scales present" Leysera 39 "Pappus scales absent" Antithrixia 40 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally, not reaching the apex" 41 40 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally and apically" 43 41 "Pappus scales present" Callilepis 41 "Pappus scales absent" 42 42 "Leaf margin entire; central florets functionally male" Oxylaena 42 "Leaf margin not entire; central florets perfect" Pentatrichia 43 "Receptacle paleate" Arrowsmithia 43 "Receptacle epaleate" Macowania 44 "Leaf lamina flat" 45 44 "Leaf lamina not flat" 53 45 "Corolla veins reaching ends of lobes; capitula solitary or only a few together" 46 45 "Corolla veins ending below apex of lobes; capitula many in corymbs" 50 46 "Leaf margins entire" 47 46 "Leaf margins not entire" 48 47 "Receptacle conical, involucral bracts cartilaginous" Argyroglottis 47 "Receptacle flat to convex, involucral bracts papery" Ozothamnus 48 "Pappus of elongated scale-like awns" Anisochaeta 48 "Pappus of capillary bristles or scales" 49 49 "Central floret cypsela shorter than corolla" Anisothrix 49 "Central floret cypselaequal to or longer than the corolla" Pentatrichia 50 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally ad apically; style apex acute to conical" Catatia 50 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically only; style apex truncate" 51 51 "Pappus absent" Syncephalum 51 "Pappus present" 52 52 "Pappus bristles connate" Ozothamnus 52 "Pappus bristles free" Stenocline 53 "Leaf margin concave to involute" 54 53 "Leaf margin revolute" 56 54 "Central florets yellow or white" Ozothamnus 54 "Central florets purple" 55 55 "Capitula 3-6 together, in corymbs" Atrichantha 55 "Capitulum solitary or 2-3 together" Calotesta 56 "Capitula many in terminal panicles; Madagascar" Humeocline 56 "capitula many in corymbs; Australia" 57 57 "Receptacle flat or convex" 58 57 "Receptacle conical" 60 58 "Pappus absent" Haeckeria 58 "Pappus present" 59 59 "Anthers with distinct tails" Ozothamnus 59 "Anthers without distinct tails" Cassinia 60 "Florets 20-30 per capitulum; inner involucral bracts with claw" Ixodia 60 "Florets 4-6 per capitulum; inner involucral bracts without claw" Odixia 61 "Capitula homogamous" 62 61 "Capitula heterogamous" 80 62 "Stereome divided" 63 62 "Stereome undivided" 69 63 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 64 63 "Involucral bracts coloured" 66 64 "Receptacle flat or convex" Acomis 64 "Receptacle conical" 65 65 "Pappus of bristles with flattened axis; cypsela without reddish knobs" Leucophyta 65 "Pappus of rudimentary bristles or of scales; cypsela with conspicuous reddish knobs" Rutidosis 66 "Anther apex narrower than thecae" Argentipallium 66 "Anther apex as wide as thecae" 67 67 "Basal claw on involucral bracts distincts" Leucochrysum 67 "Basal claw on involucral bracts absent" 68 68 "Receptacle fimbriliferous; cypsela trichomes present" Syncarpha 68 "Receptacle not fimbriliferous; cypsela trichomes absent" Stenophalium 69 "Plants dioecious, stolons usually present" 70 69 "Plants synoecious, stolons absent" 71 70 "Leaves tomentose abaxially; pappus bristles connate in a ring" Antennaria 70 "Leaves glabrous abaxially; pappus bristles free" Parantennaria 71 "Capitula solitary or only a few together" 72 71 "Capitula many" 76 72 "Involucral bracts cartilaginous" Anisochaetu 72 "Involucral bracts papery" 73 73 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline; Asia." Cladochaeta 73 "Involucral bracts coloured; Australia" 74 74 "Basal claw on involucral bract absent; receptacle paleate" Ammobium 74 "Basal claw on involucral bract distinct; receptacle epaleate" 75 75 "Pappus bristles barbellate" Anemocarpa 75 "Pappus bristles plumose" Leucochrysum 76 "Capitula in glomerules" 77 76 "Capitula in panicles" 78 77 "Capitula pedicellate" Craspedia 77 "Capitula sessile" Pycnosorus 78 "Receptacle conical, paleate" Apalochlamys 78 "Receptacle flat or convex, epaleate" 79 79 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline; Australia" Calomeria 79 "Involucral bracts coloured; Madagascar" Humeocline 80 "Outer florets blue to purple" 81 80 "Outer florets yellow, white or pale green" 100 81 "Central florets perfect" 82 81 "Central florets functionally male or female" 97 82 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally and apically" 83 82 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically only or dor sally only" 90 83 "Distinct outer florets radiate or absent" 84 83 "Distinct outer florets filiform" 85 84 "Distinct outer fiorets radiate" Athrixia 84 "Distinct outer florets absent" Rutidosis 85 "Style branches acute to conical" 86 85 "Style branches obtuse to truncate" 88 86 "Pappus bristles distinctly plumose but barbellate towards apex with shorter teeth apically" Berroa 86 "Pappus bristles scabrid or barbellate without shorter teeth apically" 87 87 "Cypsela with globose hairs" Belloa 87 "Cypsela with elongated twin hairs" Lucilia 88 "Pappus bristles free or cohering by patént cilia; Australasia" Euchiton 88 "Pappus bristles connate in a ring or in groups; South America" 89 89 "Anther tails distinct; elongated or globose twin hairs present on cypsela" Luciliocline 89 "Anther tails absent; short clavate twin hairs present on cypsela" Chevreulia 90 "Style apex obtuse" 91 90 "Style apex truncate" 92 91 "Leaf margin entire; receptacle paleáte" Callilepis 91 "Leaf margin denticulate; receptacle epaleate" Lepidostephium 92 "Stereome divided" Edmondia 92 "Stereome undivided" 93 93 "Cypsela hairs short; clavate" Gnaphalium 93 "Cypsela hairs globose, elongated, or absent" 94 94 "Capitula solitary in axis.of. uppermost leaves; recep tacle conical" Rachelia 94 "Capitula clustered; receptacle fiat" 95 95 "Receptacle paleate; leaves tomentose abaxially only" Tenrhynea 95 "Receptacle epaleate; leaves tomentose on both sides" 96 96 "Involucral: bracts white; pappus bristles free : New Zealand" Ewartiothamnus 96 "Involucral bracts brown; pappüs bristles, connate în a ring; mainly South America" Gamochaeta 97 "Leaf margin flat" 98 97 "Leaf margin concave to involute" 99 98 "Plants synoecious" Mexerion 98 "Plants dioecious" Cautrecasasiella 99 "Plants not ericoid" Ewartia 99 "Plants éricoid; South Africa" Trichogyne 100 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically and dorsally" 101 100 "Sweeping hairs on style branches only apically or only dorsally" 110 101 "Capitula many" 102 101 "Capitula solitary or only few" 106 102 "Pappus bristles free or cohering by patent cilia" 103 102 "Pappus bristles connate in a ring or in groups, in Euchiton apparently so" 104 103 "Involucral bracts white" Anaphalis 103 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" Euchiton 104 "Stereome divided; South America" Gamochaetopsis 104 "Stereome undivided; Eurasia, Australasia" 105 105 "Central florets functionally male" Leontopodium 105 "Central florets perfect" Euchiton 106 "Involucral bracts coloured" Xerochrysum 106 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 107 107 "Style apex much prolonged; stereome divided" Rutidosis 107 "Style apex obtuse; stereome undivided" 108 108 "Outer florets radiate" Philyrophyllum 108 "Outer florets filiform" 109 109 "Leaf margin entire" Euchiton 109 "Leaf margin not entire" Phagnalon 110 "Sweeping hairs on style branches dorsally only" 111 110 "Sweeping hairs on style branches apically only" 112 111 "Duter florets filiform" Aliella 111 "Outer florets radiate" Callilepis 112 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 113 112 "Involucral bracts coloured" 116 113 "Capitula surrounded by whorl of white-lanate leaves" Leucogenes 113 "Capitula not surrounded by whorl of white-lanate leaves" 114 114 "Outer florets radiate" Oreoleysera 114 "Outer florets filiform or tubular" 115 115 "Plant forming mats" Raoulia 115 "Plant not forming mats" Ixiolaena 116 "Stereome divided" 117 116 "Stereome undivided" 121 117 "Distinct outer florets fewer than central florets or absent" 118 117 "Distinct outer fiorets more numerous than central florets" 120 118 "Anther appendages concave, cypselae ellipsoid to. Turbinate" Chrysocephalum 118 "Anther appendages flat, cypselae oblong" 119 119 "Anther apex narrower than thecae" Argentipallium 119 "Anther apex as wide as thecae" Helichrysum 120 "Capitula with < 20 florets" "Achyrocline or Helichrysum" 120 "Capitula with > 20 florets" "Pseudognaphalium or Helichrysum" 121 "Receptacle conical" Anaphalioides 121 "Receptacle flat or convex" 122 122 "Capitula solitary or only a few together" 123 122 "Capitula many together" 124 123 "Capitula solitary; New Zealand" Raoulia 123 "Capitula only a few together; South Africa" Helichrysopis 124 "Pappus bristles capillary; South Africa" Plecostachys 124 "Pappus bristles rudimentary or of scales; NE tropical Africa" Chiliocephalum 125 "Capitula homogamous" 126 125 "Capitula heterogamous" 181 126 "Cypsela ellipsoid or turbinate or long and rod-like" 127 126 "Cypsela oblong or obovoid" 143 127 "Cypsela long and rod-like" Chondropyxis 127 "Cypsela ellipsoid or turbinate" 128 128 "Involucral bracts in one row" 129 128 "Involucral bracts in more than one row" 131 129 "Pappus bristles 'capillary" Millotia 129 "Pappus bristles rudimentary or of scales" 130 130 "Distinct leaf glands present" Toxanthes 130 "Distinct leaf glands absent" Scyphocoronis 131 "Involucral bracts with distinct claw" 132 131 "Involucral bracts without claw" 135 132 "Centremost florets functionally male" "Schoenia (Sayersii)" 132 "Centremost florets bisexual" 133 133 "Style apex acute to conical" Waitzia 133 "Style apex obtuse or truncate" 134 134 "Style apex obtuse" Leucochrysum 134 "Style apex truncate" Haptotrichion 135 "Involucral bracts herbaceous" 136 135 "Involucral bracts papery or cartilaginous" 137 136 "Receptacle epaleate" Podotheca 136 "Receptacle paleate" Neotysonia 137 "Involucral bracts cartilaginous" 138 137 "Involucral bracts papery" 139 138 "Pappus bristles capillary" Taplinia 138 "Pappus with a few scale-like bristles" Quinetia 139 "Cypsela longer than or equal to corolla" 140 139 "Cypsela shorter than corolla" 142 140 "Receptacle conical" Bellida 140 "Receptacle flat or convex" 141 141 "Receptacle paleate" Neotysonia 141 "Receptacle epaleate" Quinqueremulus 142 "Stereome divided; receptacle conical" Rutidosis 142 "Stereome undivided; receptacle flat" Gilberta 143 "Central floret cypsela oblong" 144 143 "Central floret cypsela obovoid" 145 144 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" Galeomma 144 "Involucral bracts coloured" Vellereophyton 145 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 146 145 "Involucral bracts coloured" 168 146 "Receptacle paleate" 147 146 "Receptacle epaleate" 151 147 "Receptacle flat or convex" 148 147 "Receptacle conical or peg-like" 150 148 "Involucral bracts cartilaginous; pappus of connate scales" Trichanthodium 148 "Involucral bracts papery; pappus of scales absent" 149 149 "Capitula surrounded by whorl of leaves" Chthonocephalus 149 "Capitula not surrounded by whorl of leaves" Decazesia 150 "Receptacle conical" Siloxerus 150 "Receptacle peg-like" Craspedia 151 "Cypsela trichomes present" 152 151 "Cypsela trichomes absent" 162 152 "Cypsela densely villous" 153 152 "Cypsela not densely villous" 156 153 "Receptacle peg-like" Fitzwillia 153 "Receptacle conical" 154 154 "Leaf glands distinct" Polycalymma 154 "Leaf glands absent" 155 155 "Pappus of basally connatė subplumose to plumose bristlesi" Feldstonia 155 "Pappus.of short reduced flattened basally connate bristles" Dithyrostegia 156 "Receptacle flat or convex" 157 156 "Receptacle conical or peg-like" 159 157 "Involucral brácts cartilaginous" Trichanthodium 157 "Involucral bract's.papery" 158 158 "Leaf glands distinct" Eriochlamys 158 "Leaf glarids absent" Pogonolepis 159 "Receptacle pèg-like" Blennospora 159 "Receptacle conical" 160 160 "Leaf glands absent; pappus distinctly plumose, at least apically" Actinobole 160 "Leaf glánds distinct; pappus bristles scabrid or barbellate" 161 161 "Capitula surrounded by whorl of leaves" Myriocephalus 161 "Capitula not surrounded by whorl of leaves" Gnephosis 162 "Involucral bracts cartilaginous" 163 162 "Involucral-bracts papery" 164 163 "Bracts in more than one row" Dielitzia 163 "Bracts in one row" Sondottia 164 "Leaves glabrous" Lemooria 164 "Leaves tomentose" 165 165 "Leaf glands distinct; receptacle conical" Hyalochlamys 165 "Leaf glands absent; receptacle flat or convex" 166 166 "Leaves alternate throughout; capitula not surrounded by whorl of leaves" Leptotriche 166 "Leaves opposite, at least basally; capitula surrounded .by whorl of leaves" 167 167 "Pappus basally connate into a jagged scale-like cup" Cephalosorus 167 "Pappus absent" Epitriche 168 "Involucral bracts herbaceous" Podotheca 168 "Involucral bracts papery" 169 169 "Inner involucral bracts conspicuously longer than outer bracts" 170 169 "Inner involucral bracts not conspicuously longer than outer bracts" 176 170 "Pappus absent" Pithocarpa 170 "Pappus present" 171 171 "Pappus scabrid or barbellate" 172 171 "Pappus distinctly plumose, at least apically" 174 172 "Leaves filiform, alternate throughout" Erymophyllum 172 "Leaves flat, opposite, at least basally" 173 173 "Cypsela of outer florets dorsiyentrally compressed; 2 vascular bundles medial in relation to cotyledons" Schoenia 173 "Cypsela of outer florets not dorsiventrally compressed; 2 vascular bundles lateral in relation to cotyledons" Lawrencella 174 "Receptacle flat or convex; pappus bristles free or cohearing by patent cilia" Cephalipterum 174 "Receptacle conicle; pappus britles connate in a ring" 175 175 "Cypsela densely villous with elongated twin hairs" Rhodanthe 175 "Cypsela not densely villous, but with globose hairs without basal cell" Hyalosperma 176 "Pappus absent" Thiseltonia 176 "Pappus present" 177 177 "Pappus of jagged scales" Pleuropappus 177 "Pappus of flattened plumose bristles" 178 178 "Cypsela trichomes absent" Gilruthia 178 "Cypsela trichomes present" 179 179 "Receptacle paleate" Pycnosorus 179 "Receptacle epaleate" 180 180 "Involucral bracts usually 4, with 2 concave bracts (always present) surrounding usually 2 (sometimes 0 or 1) fiat bracts" Angianthus 180 "Involucral bracts 7-c.22, variously flat to somewhat" Calocephalus 181 "Central floret cypsela long, rod-like" 182 181 "Central floret cypsela ellipsoid, turbinate, oblong, obovoid or abortive" 183 182 Biennial Nestlera 182 Annual Rhynchopsidium 183 "Central floret cypsela obovoid" 184 183 "Central floret cypsela ellipsoid, turbinate, or oblong" 186 184 "Capitula arranged in glomerules or spikes" Tietkensia 184 "Capitula solitary or only a few together" 185 185 "Inner bracts conspicuously longer than outer bracts, coloured" Lawrencella 185 "Inner bracts not conspicuously longer than outer bracts, hyaline" Haegiela 186 "Central floret cypsela'ellipsoid or turbinate" 187 186 "Central floret cypsela oblong" 202 187 "Outer florets bilabiate" Denekia 187 "Outer florets radiate, filiform, tubular or corolla absent" 188 188 "Outer florets radiate" 189 188 "Outer florets filiform or tubular, or corolla absent" 192 189 "Outer florets purple to blue; receptacle paleate" Alatoseta 189 "Outer florets yellow; receptacle epaleate" 190 190 "Outer florets yellow with purple stripes abaxially; South Africa" Rhynchopsidium 190 "Outer florets without purple stripes abaxially; Australia" 191 191 "Bract laminae filiform-subulate, densely plumose" Asteridea 191 "Bract laminąe flat, entire to long-ciliate on margins" Podolepis 192 "Central florets functionally male" Basedowia 192 "Central florets.perfect" 193 193 "Leaf glands distinct" 194 193 "Leaf gland's absent" 197 194 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 195 194 "Involucral:bracts coloured" 196 195 "Involucral bracts with distinct basal claw" Asteridea 195 "Involucral bracts without distinct basal claw" Artemisiopsis 196 "Pappus bristles one" Gratwickia 196 "Pappus bristles more than one" Chrysocephalum 197 "Capitula surrounded by a whorl of leaves" 198 197 "Capitula not surrounded by a whorl of leaves" 200 198 "Involucral bracts coloured" Pterochaeta 198 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 199 199 "Receptacle conical" Triptilodiscus 199 "Receptacle flat or convex" Euchiton 200 "Leaves opposite, at least basally" Haegiela 200 "Leaves alternate throughout" 201 201 "Outer florets purple to blue" Facelis 201 "Outer florets yellow" Leptorhynchos 202 "Central florets perfect" 203 202 "Central florets functionally male" 215 203 "Stereome divided" 204 203 "Stereome undivided" 209 204 "Involucral bracts brownish or hyaline" 205 204 "Involucral bracts coloured" 207 205 "Outer florets scattered in axils of outer involucral bracts" Ifloga 205 "Outer florets all inside a common involucre" 206 206 "Florets purple" Lasiopogon 206 "Florets yellow" Gnomophalium 207 "Florets yellow" Pseudognaphalium 207 "Florets purple" 208 208 "Capitula not surrounded by a whorl of leaves" Troglophyton 208 "Capitula surrounded by a whorl of leaves" Vellereophyton 209 "Receptacle flat or convex" 210 209 "Receptacle conical" 213 210 "Receptacle paleate" Micropsis 210 "Receptacle epaleate" 211 211 "Pappus bristles connate in a ring" Gamochaeta 211 "Pappus bristles free or cohering by patent cilia" 212 212 "Style branches truncate" Gnaphalium 212 "Style branches obtuse" Euchiton 213 "Inner involucral bracts folded around florets" Logfia 213 "Inner involucral bracts not enclosing florets" 214 214 "Pappus present" Filago 214 "Pappus absent" Stuartina 215 "Receptacle peg-like" 216 215 "Receptacle flat to conical" 222 216 "Inner involucral bracts folded around florets" 217 216 "Inner involucral bracts not enclosing florets" 218 217 "Corolla of outer florets attached obliquely to cypsela" Chamaepus 217 "Corolla of outer florets attached straight to cypsela" Evacidium 218 "Anther appendage concave; apex narrower than thecae" 219 218 "Anther appendage flat; apex as.wide as thecae" 221 219 "Leaves opposite, at least basally; cypsela with trichomes" Psilocarphus 219 "Leaves alternate throughout; cypsela without trichomes" 220 220 "Pappus present" Stylocline 220 "Pappus absent" Ancistrocarphus 221 "Pappus present" Cymbolaena 221 "Pappus absent" Bombycilaena 222 "Receptacle flat or convex" 223 222 "Receptacle conical" 226 223 "Outer florets scattered in axils of the outer involucral bracts" 224 223 "Outer florets all inside a common involucre" 225 224 "Pappus bristles without patent cilia at base" Trichogyne 224 "Pappus bristles with patent cilia at base" Ifloga 225 "Inner involucral bracts enclosing florets" Micropus 225 "Inner involucral bracts not enclosing florets" Stuckertiella 226 "Receptacle paleate; pappus absent" Hesperevax 226 "Receptacle epaleate; pappus present" Filago