1	"Hypogynous scales and bristles absent"	2
1	"Hypogynous scales or bristles present"	25
2	"Flowers unisexual"	3
2	"Flowers bisexual"	6
3	"Ovary enclosed by a sac like utricle"	Carex
3	"Ovary not enclosed by a sac-like utricle"	4
4	"Achene not sitting on a 3-lobed disc"	Caustis
4	"Achene sitting on a 3-lobed disc"	5
5	"Plants usually 15-60 cm high; mature achene not completely hidden by the glumes and readily visible"	Scleria
5	"Dwarf plants usually 1-10 cm high; mature achene hidden by the glumes and not readily visible"	Diplacrum
6	"Glumes distichous or sub-distichously arranged"	7
6	"Glumes spirally arranged"	13
7	"Rachilla zig-zag, internodes not all equally spaced"	Schoenus
7	"Rachilla straight, internodes equally spaced"	8
8	"Leaves reduced to sheathing scales (Arthrostylis aphylla)"	Arthrostylis
8	"Leaves with well-developed lamina"	9
9	"Spikelets 2(-3) -flowered, usually producing 1 achene; style base enlarged and persistent on the achene"	10
9	"Spikelets more than 2-flowered; style base enlarged or not, but not persisting on the achene"	11
10	"Style base nearly as long as the achene; uppermost stems mostly less than 0.5 mm wide (Tetraria capillaris)"	Tetraria
10	"Style base less than half as long as the achene; stems more than 0.5 mm wide"	Machaerina
11	"Style same width throughout"	Cyperus
11	"Style base enlarged or dilated"	12
12	"Inflorescence consisting of 1-2(-3) spikelets"	Abildgaardia
12	"Inflorescence consisting of numerous spikelets"	Fimbristylis
13	"Spikelets with 1 or 2 flowers producing achenes, others male or sterile"	14
13	"Spikelets with several to many flowers producing achenes"	18
14	"Leaves reduced to sheathing scales (occasionally may have lamina on juvenile plants of Caustis recurvata)"	15
14	"Leaves with well-developed lamina"	16
15	"Inflorescences not branched, head-like (Arthrostylis aphylla)"	Arthrostylis
15	"Inflorescences branched"	Caustis
16	"Stigmas 2 (Trachystylis stradbrokensis)"	Trachystylis
16	"Stigmas 3"	17
17	"Tubular prophylls at the base of spikelets; filaments not elongating (Cladium procerum)"	Cladium
17	"Tubular prophylls absent; filaments elongating to hold the achene"	Gahnia
18	"Style base enlarged and persistent on the achene"	19
18	"Style base not persistent on the achene"	20
19	"Inflorescence a single, terminal spikelet not subtended by leafy bracts; leaves reduced to sheathing bracts (Eleocharis nuda)"	Eleocharis
19	"Inflorescence paniculate or capitate, subtended by leafy bracts; leaves with long lamina"	Bulbostylis
20	"Achene oblong-linear, slightly curved to 1 mm x 0.2 mm, apiculate"	Cyperus
20	"Achene not as above"	21
21	"Glumes with a mucro nearly as long as the glume (Fuirena nudiflora)"	Fuirena
21	"Glumes with mucro much shorter than the glume"	22
22	"Style dilated at the base and usually fimbriate"	Fimbristylis
22	"Style not dilated at the base and not fimbriate"	23
23	"Achene sitting on a minute hypogynous disc (Ficinia nodosa)"	Ficinia
23	"Achene not sitting on a disc"	24
24	"Involucral bracts culm like, seeming to continue the stem and pushing the inflorescence to one side; achene transversely wavy ridged or occasionally smooth"	Schoenoplectiella
24	"Involucral bracts glume-like, not as above; achene not transversely ridged, smooth"	Isolepis
25	"Fertile portion of the rachilla distinctly zig-zag"	Schoenus
25	"Fertile portion of the rachilla straight"	26
26	"Spikelet usually with 1-2 fertile flowers, rarely more"	27
26	"Spikelet with numerous fertile flowers"	36
27	"Style simple or 2-fid"	28
27	"Style 3-fid"	29
28	"Fertile glumes more than 10 mm long (Cyathochaeta diandra)"	Cyathochaeta
28	"Fertile glumes less than 10 mm long"	Rhynchospora
29	"Glumes distichous or sub distichously arranged on the rachilla"	30
29	"Glumes spirally arranged on the rachilla"	32
30	"Inflorescence compound with several internodes"	Anthelepis
30	"Inflorescence a solitary, compact head of spikelets"	31
31	"Glumes 10-12 mm long (Ptilothrix deusta)"	Ptilothrix
31	"Glumes 4.5-6 mm long (Chaetospora turbinata)"	Chaetospora
32	"Hypogynous bristles present; scales absent"	33
32	"Hypogynous bristles absent, scales present"	34
33	"Style base enlarged and distinctly differentiated from the achene"	Rhynchospora
33	"Style base not differentiated from the achene or enlarged (Chaetospora turbinata)"	Chaetospora
34	"Leaves 10-35 mm wide (Thoracostachyum sumatranum)"	Thoracostachyum
34	"Leaves less than 10 mm wide"	35
35	"Achene distinctly exserted, much longer than the glumes; hypogynous scales 4, 2 inner flat, 2 outer keeled and ciliate (Exocarya scleroides)"	Exocarya
35	"Achene as long as subtending glume; hypogynous scales mostly 6, in 2 rows, inner and outer similar"	Lepidosperma
36	"Stems septate"	37
36	"Stems not septate"	39
37	"Inflorescence a single terminal spikelet that is ebracteate"	Eleocharis
37	"Inflorescence pseudolateral, involucral bract culm-like, seeming to continue the stem"	38
38	"Inflorescence ovoid to oblong-ovoid; achene biconvex, finely striate; style 2-fid (Lepironia articulata)"	Lepironia
38	"Inflorescence globose, or hemispherical; achene terete to obtusely trigonous, strongly ribbed longitudinally; style (2)-3 or 4-fid"	Chorizandra
39	"Perianth consisting of 3 hypogynous inflated scales, alternating with 3 outer shorter bristles"	Fuirena
39	"Perianth consisting of bristles or scales, but not both"	40
40	"Hypogynous bristles present, scales absent"	41
40	"Hypogynous bristles absent, scales present"	46
41	"Style base enlarged and persistent"	Eleocharis
41	"Style base not enlarged or persistent"	42
42	"Cauline leaves present"	43
42	"Cauline leaves absent"	44
43	"Spikelets numerous, less than 1 cm long; inflorescence compound; glumes to 2.5 mm long (Scirpus polystachyus)"	Scirpus
43	"Spikelets few, 1-4 cm long; inflorescence umbellate or capitate; glumes 4-10 mm long"	Bolboschoenus
44	"Involucral bracts leaf-like and spreading (Actinoscirpus grossus)"	Actinoscirpus
44	"Involucral bracts terete, culm-like"	45
45	"Spikes sessile or subsessile"	Schoenoplectiella
45	"Spikes on a long peduncle"	Schoenoplectus
46	"Achene more or less enclosed in 2 or occasionally 1 hyaline scales"	Cyperus
46	"Achene scales herbaceous, or if hyaline then not enclosing the achene and consisting of 8-12 scales"	47
47	"Hypogynous scales 2, oppositely placed, strongly keeled"	Hypolytrum
47	"Hypogynous scales 5 to numerous, only outer 2 strongly keeled"	48
48	"Involucral bracts very short, glume like, not exceeding the inflorescence; flowering stems leafless, arising laterally (Paramapania parvibractea)"	Paramapania
48	"Involucral bracts very long, leaf like, exceeding the inflorescence; flowering stems arising centrally"	49
49	"Inflorescence 3-7 cm long (Mapania macrocephala)"	Mapania
49	"Inflorescence 7-20 cm long"	50
50	"Achene 1-1.5 cm long; culms 30-60 cm long (Scirpodendron ghaeri)"	Scirpodendron
50	"Achene less than 1 cm long; culms 60-150 cm long (Thoracostachyum sumatranum)"	Thoracostachyum