1	"Epiphyte with bulbous stems inhabited by ants (ant-plants)"	2
1	"Plants rooted into the soil, stems not bulbous, not associated with ants"	3
2	"Tuber and stem with spines, especially around ant exit-holes and inflorescences; stems thick, branching sparse or absent; inflorescences sunken"	Myrmecodia
2	"Tuber and stems spineless; stems slender and freely branching; inflorescences pedunculate to sessile"	Hydnophytum
3	"Herbaceous or slightly woody plants < 1 m high"	4
3	"Woody trees, shrubs or vines > 1 m high"	29
4	"Plants more or less leafless, dioecious; stems dichotomously branched (Durringtonia paludosa)"	Durringtonia
4	"Plants leafy, flowers bisexual; stems not dichotomously branched"	5
5	"Leaves (or leaf-like bracts) in whorls of 4-8 at each node"	6
5	"Leaves opposite (2 per node)"	8
6	"Inflorescence a terminal head; flowers bright pink or purplish, sessile, +/- hidden by bracts; calyx lobes conspicuous (Sherardia arvensis)"	Sherardia
6	"Inflorescence a terminal or axillary cyme; flowers white, pedicellate, not hidden by bracts; calyx lobes absent or rudimentary"	7
7	"Corolla funnel-shaped, tube distinct; inflorescences often terminal; fruit fleshy, 2-lobed, indehiscent"	Asperula
7	"Corolla rotate, tube very short; inflorescences usually axillary; fruit dry, breaking into 2 mericarps"	Galium
8	"Inflorescences sessile in axils of leaves or bracts"	9
8	"Inflorescence not sessile, pedicels and/or peduncles present"	15
9	"Infructescence with few to numerous 1-seeded mericarps, falling from plant at maturity"	10
9	"Fruit solitary or comprising 3-many 2-locular capsules, sometimes indehiscent, persistent on plant"	11
10	"Each fruit comprising 3 or 4 mericarps arranged on a receptacle"	Richardia
10	"Each fruit comprising 2 mericarps, receptacle absent (Hexasepalum teres)"	Hexasepalum
11	"Flower/fruit one per leaf axil; petals toothed; prostrate mat-forming plants rooting at the nodes"	Dentella
11	"Flowers/fruits 3-many per leaf axil; petals entire; prostrate to erect plants not rooting at the nodes"	12
12	"Fruits with one seed per locule"	13
12	"Fruits with numerous seeds per locule"	14
13	"Fruit dehiscing by means of a lid, splitting along a circumference (Mitracarpus hirtus)"	Mitracarpus
13	"Fruits either indehiscent or dehiscing by valves splitting longitudinally"	Spermacoce
14	"Stipule sheath longer than wide, with glandular lateral lobes; stems +/- tetragonous"	Hedyotis
14	"Stipule sheath wider than long, with 3-9 erect non-glandular cilia; stems terete"	Exallage
15	"Inflorescence a globose head on a short peduncle"	Opercularia
15	"Inflorescence not globose"	16
16	"Inflorescence a 5-10-rayed umbel, each ray terminated by a ‘cup’ comprising 2-4 flowers"	Pomax
16	"Inflorescence cymose or flowers/fruits solitary"	17
17	"Leaves 0.5-6 mm wide"	18
17	"Leaves 6-60 mm wide"	24
18	"Inflorescence terminal"	19
18	"Inflorescence in the axils of full-sized leaves"	22
19	"Inflorescence compact, < 10 mm long (Scleromitrion polyclada)"	Scleromitrion
19	"Inflorescence elongate, 50-150 mm long"	20
20	"Capsules ellipsoidal, 1.5-2.5 times longer than wide"	Dolichocarpa
20	"Capsules obovoid to oblate, 0.6-1.2 times longer than long"	21
21	"Throat of corolla tube densely hairy; capsules 0.6-0.9 times longer than wide"	Paranotis
21	"Corolla glabrous inside; capsules 0.9-1.2 times longer than wide (Kohautia australiensis)"	Kohautia
22	"Inflorescence branched, a 2-7-flowered umbel-like corymb, or sometimes reduced to a single flower (Oldenlandia corymbosa)"	Oldenlandia
22	"Inflorescence unbranched"	23
23	"At least some nodes with 2 flowers per leaf axil; petals persistent in fruit (Synaptantha tillaeacea)"	Synaptantha
23	"All nodes with 1 flower per leaf axil; petals deciduous"	Scleromitrion
24	"Creeping prostrate plant rooting at the nodes; leaves orbicular; flowers solitary; fruits fleshy (Geophila repens)"	Geophila
24	"Sprawling to erect plants not rooting at the nodes; leaves narrowly elliptical to ovate; flowers 5-many per inflorescence; fruits dry"	25
25	"Leaves glabrous"	26
25	"Leaves conspicuously hairy"	27
26	"Leaves 15-60 mm long; leaves and calyx with many cystoliths; inflorescence 20-90 mm long (Leptopetalum biflorum)"	Leptopetalum
26	"Leaves 65-150 mm long, leaves and calyx lacking cystoliths; inflorescence < 15 mm long (Exallage radicans)"	Exallage
27	"Corolla 15-23 mm long; calyx lobes 3.5-6 mm long (Pentas lanceolata)"	Pentas
27	"Corolla 1.5-4 mm long; calyx lobes 0.7-1.5 mm long"	28
28	"Hairs on leaves brown; fruit dehiscent, laterally compressed, 5-8 mm across (Ophiorrhiza australiana)"	Ophiorrhiza
28	"Hairs on leaves white or colourless; fruit indehiscent, ellipsoidal, 1-1.5 mm across (Knoxia sumatrensis)"	Knoxia
29	"Interpetiolar stipules free from each other, caducous or somewhat persistent"	30
29	"Interpetiolar stipules connate at their base, persistent"	49
30	"Inflorescence a globose head with 100-500 flowers; corolla yellow to orange; syncarp globose"	31
30	"Inflorescence not a globose head, flowers 1-50; corolla white; fruits separate"	33
31	"Leaves 7-16 cm long, domatia present; flower heads (and peduncles) 2 or 3 together; syncarp 15-20 mm diameter (Neonauclea glabra)"	Neonauclea
31	"Leaves 15-30 cm long, domatia absent; flower heads (and peduncles) solitary; syncarp 20-45 mm diameter"	32
32	"Stipules narrow, tapering to a point; syncarp greenish-yellow or orange, surface softly bristly (Neolamarckia cadamba)"	Neolamarckia
32	"Stipules broad, not tapering; syncarp brown, surface rough (Nauclea orientalis)"	Nauclea
33	"Leaves broadly ovate (less than 1.5 times longer than wide) and more than 100 mm long; growing in littoral rainforest or on beach strand (Guettarda speciosa)"	Guettarda
33	"Leaves elliptical to ovate (more than 1.5 times longer than wide) or less than 100 mm long; growing in vine-forest away from the ocean"	34
34	"Fruits dehiscent, capsular"	35
34	"Fruits indehiscent, fleshy"	36
35	"Woody vines with umbellate inflorescence; branches often with recurved hooks"	Uncaria
35	"Shrub with paniculate inflorescence; branches lacking hooks"	Wendlandia
36	"Fruit with cylindrical calyx tube at apex, cylinder 1-8 mm long"	37
36	"Fruit apex obtuse, or with appressed to spreading calyx lobes"	39
37	"Inflorescence terminal, a dichotomously branched 10-50 flowered cyme; individual flowers and fruits sessile (Psychotria nesophila)"	Psychotria
37	"Inflorescence axillary, a small 2-4 flowered cyme or flowers/fruits solitary; individual flowers and fruits pedicellate"	38
38	"Stipules 10-60 mm long; petioles 10-30 mm long; gynoecium 8-15-carpellate"	Timonius
38	"Stipules 2-4 mm long; petioles 1-8 mm long; gynoecium 2-carpellate"	Randia
39	"Peduncle absent; inflorescence sessile, fasciculate or 1-flowered"	40
39	"Peduncle present; inflorescence sometimes (or always) with more than 1 flower"	44
40	"Flowers/fruits in sessile clusters in leaf axils"	Lasianthus
40	"Flowers/fruits not sessile"	41
41	"Fruit with a pair of bracteoles near its base"	Antirhea
41	"Fruit without bracteoles"	42
42	"Flowers and fruits on a stalk 20-60 mm long (Bobea myrtoides)"	Bobea
42	"Flowers and fruits with pedicels < 11 mm long"	43
43	"Corolla with dense white hairs projecting from top of tube; leaf apex obtuse, acute or slightly acuminate"	Cyclophyllum
43	"Corolla glabrous; leaf apex strongly acuminate"	Coffea
44	"Inflorescence a simple or compound umbel"	45
44	"Inflorescence a cyme or panicle"	46
45	"Peduncles 2-5 mm long, umbels 1-3-flowered; leaves 3.5-10 mm wide (Everistia vacciniifolia)"	Everistia
45	"Peduncles 15-40 mm long, umbels 2-5-flowered; leaves 20-35 mm wide (Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora)"	Hodgkinsonia
46	"Inflorescence terminal, often exceeding leaves"	Psychotria
46	"Inflorescence axillary, not exceeding leaves"	47
47	"Fully expanded leaves glabrous; cymes 2-4-branched, bracts absent"	Psydrax
47	"Fully expanded leaves hairy, at least on midrib of lower surface; cymes once branched, bracts present"	48
48	"Stipules bifid (Amaracarpus nematopodus)"	Amaracarpus
48	"Stipules entire"	Antirhea
49	"Fruit capsular, dry, disintegrating at maturity"	Opercularia
49	"Fruit indehiscent, fleshy, not disintegrating"	50
50	"Calyx lobes 3-25 mm long"	51
50	"Calyx lobes absent or less than 2 mm long"	53
51	"Inflorescence subtended by a white bract, similar in size and shape to the leaves; leaves opposite (Mussaenda philippica)"	Mussaenda
51	"Inflorescence bracts tiny, green; leaves often in whorls of three"	52
52	"Inflorescence 1-flowered"	Gardenia
52	"Inflorescence 1-4-flowered"	Larsenaikia
53	"Fruit with cylindrical calyx tube persistent at apex, tube 1-20 mm long"	54
53	"Fruits without persistent calyx tube, or tube < 1 mm long"	56
54	"Branchlets vernicose; fruits longitudinally lobed, dry; mangrove plant (Scyphiphora hydrophylacea)"	Scyphiphora
54	"Branchlets not vernicose; fruits smooth or with faint ribs, fleshy; rainforest plants"	55
55	"Anthers included in corolla tube; inflorescence a terminal or upper axillary cyme, subtending leaf fully developed; fruits often solitary"	Atractocarpus
55	"Anthers exserted from corolla tube; inflorescence an axillary paniculate monochasium, subtending leaf reduced or absent; fruits numerous"	Aidia
56	"Domatia present beside midrib on lower leaf surface"	57
56	"Domatia absent"	60
57	"Branchlets 4-angular towards their apices; inflorescence large, many-flowered; corolla tube 4-22 mm long, style strongly exserted from corolla tube"	Tarenna
57	"Branchlets terete; inflorescence small, usually few-flowered; corolla tube 1-3 mm long, style usually enclosed in corolla tube"	58
58	"Inflorescence a single axillary cluster of flowers; leaves with abundant cystoliths"	Morinda
58	"Inflorescence a short panicle or cyme or pseudo-umbel; leaves without cystoliths"	59
59	"Stipules and bracts with marginal hairs; corolla with long hairs on inner surface"	Gynochthodes
59	"Stipules and bracts without marginal hairs; corolla glabrous on inner surface"	Coelospermum
60	Vines	Gynochthodes
60	"Shrubs or small trees"	61
61	"Inflorescence unbranched, a 2-9-flowered umbel"	Coelospermum
61	"Inflorescence well-branched, a cyme or panicle, more than 9-flowered"	62
62	"Corolla tube 2-3.5 mm long"	63
62	"Corolla tube 3.5-45 mm long"	64
63	"Inflorescence 3-branched, terminal branch 3-flowered; fruits black at maturity"	Triflorensia
63	"Inflorescence 4 or more-branched, with no distinct terminal branch; fruits red at maturity (Eumachia frutescens)"	Eumachia
64	"Stipules united into an interpetiolar sheath; branches of inflorescence not articulated; lobes of stigma scarcely separate"	Pavetta
64	"Stipules united only at the very base; branches of inflorescence articulated; lobes of stigma well separated, recurved"	Ixora