Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /var/www/lib/CodeIgniter_2.1.4/system/core/Exceptions.php:185)
Filename: controllers/keys.php
Line Number: 256
Perianth zygomorphic, with limb (apical knob) of bud deflexed to revolute just before anthesisPerianth actinomorphic with limb (apical knob) of bud erect just before anthesisPistil > 10 mm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindricalPistil < 10 mm long; unit conflorescences cylindrical or otherwiseLeaves divaricately lobed; leaf rachises deflexed at each node; floral rachises densely white-villousLeaves not divaricately lobed; leaf rachises not deflexed at each node; floral rachises glabrous or with an inconspicuous usually open indumentumLeaves subspathulate to narrowly so, with a long cuneate base, apically toothed or shallowly few-lobed, and/or entire and oblanceolate and then < 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe > 2 mm long; pedicels ≤ 1 mm longLeaves deeply divided, 2–9-sect, or entire and then < 3.5 mm wide and linear-subterete to oblanceolate; ovarian stipe ≤ 2 mm long; pedicels > 1 mm longLeaves mostly entire or 2- or 3- (–5)-partite, rarely with a secondary lobe or two; ultimate lobes < 10 per leaf; entire leaves and lobes linear to linear-subterete, often glaucous; branchlets usually secund; inflorescences erect to decurved, not emergent on long canes, held within or below foliage; floral rachises 30–75 mm longLeaves mostly divided, 3–9-partite, often with secondary or sometimes tertiary lobing; ultimate lobes usually > 10 per leaf (rarely fewer); entire leaves and lobes linear-subterete or trigonous-linear or flat and then narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, not glaucous; branchlets not secund; inflorescences usually exserted above foliage on long canes; floral rachises 60–200 mm longOvary with hairsOvary glabrousLeaf lobes terete; most conflorescences branchedLeaf lobes not terete; most conflorescences simpleOvary sessile, villous; conflorescence acropetalOvary stipitate, glandular-pubescent; conflorescence basipetalMost leaves trifid to pinnatifid (rarely bipinnatifid), usually obovate-cuneate with apical teeth or lobes; perianth glabrous and smooth inside; conflorescences on emergent canes above foliageMost leaves pinnatisect with 3–7 distant, primary lobes again once or twice divided; perianth papillose to hairy inside; conflorescences not emergentPedicels ≤ 2 mm long; floral bracts falling early; ovary stipe 0.6–0.9 mm longPedicel > 2 mm long; floral bracts persistent; ovary stipe 0.8–1.6 mm longStyle slender, not dilated except at style-end; pedicels shorter than pistilStyle ±dilated into a flask-shaped swelling; pedicels as long as, to much longer than, the pistilPedicels and outer surface of perianth with appressed biramous hairsPedicels and outer surface of perianth glabrousLeaves all deeply pinnatipartite (almost pinnatisect); basal section (leaf base to first node) linear; ultimate lobes linear, ≤ 1 mm wide; lower surface (except for main veins) completely concealed by tightly revolute marginsLeaves pinnatifid on vegetative branches, becoming coarsely pinnatipartite on flowering branches; basal section cuneate; ultimate lobes triangular to subulate, c. 1–3 mm wide; lower surface on either side of main veins mostly exposedEither all leaves entire, or some or all leaves with very deep primary or secondary division (pinnatipartite, often almost pinnatisect) and then with lobes strongly divaricate from leaf midrib, and lower surface of leaf 2-grooved; entire leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate; ultimate lobes of divided leaves subulate to linear or narrowly triangularEither some or all leaves dentate to shallowly divided and ±flat, or leaves with deep primary division but then lobes not (or scarcely) divaricate and with lower surface of leaf lamina on either side of lobe midveins mostly or wholly exposed; ultimate lobes or teeth triangular to ovate or oblong or rarely broadly sublinearAll leaves basally cordate-auriculate and stem-claspingMost or all leaves not basally stem-claspingLeaves dimorphic, those of basal vegetative branches obovate to obtrullate with shallow apical teeth, those of flowering branches smaller and deeply tripartite with simple rigid narrowly triangular lobes; pollen-presenter narrowly truncate-conical to fusiform, with base scarcely broader than apex of styleLeaves of vegetative and flowering branches all ±similar in form; pollen-presenter conical to subcylindrical, with base much broader to scarcely broader than apex of styleLeaf base truncate or very broadly cuneate (rarely a few slightly amplexicaul); leaves ±ovate, with 7–11 teeth or shallow triangular lobes (to 5 mm long) spaced regularly around marginsLeaf base cuneate to narrowly linear (not truncate); leaves with teeth or lobes towards apex only, or with deep primary division and sometimes shallow to deep secondary divisionBranchlets with ascending to spreading hairsBranchlets either glabrous or with appressed hairsUpper surface of leaf somewhat concave (lateral and terminal lobes often gently up-curved), with venation obscure, sometimes midvein apparent only as an impressed groove; primary leaf lobes usually simple, oblong to broadly linear with apex rounded below point; fruit with pericarp c. 1 mm across at suture, bony-texturedUpper surface of leaf ±flat (lobes not up-curved), with venation evident and midveins sometimes prominent; primary leaf lobes usually with some secondary division, triangular to narrowly so with apex usually not rounded below point; fruit with pericarp c. 0.5 mm across at suture, crustaceousBranchlets, leaves and floral rachises with hairs on some or all of these parts; apices of leaf lobes very pungentBranchlets, leaves and floral rachises all glabrous; apices of leaf lobes scarcely to moderately pungentUpper surface of leaf shallowly concave (lateral and terminal lobes often gently up-curved), with venation obscure, sometimes midvein apparent only as an impressed groove; primary leaf lobes usually simple, oblong to broadly linear with apex rounded below point; fruit with pericarp c. 1 mm across at suture, bony-texturedUpper surface of leaf shallowly concave or flat to gently convex (lobes not up-curved), with venation usually evident and midveins sometimes prominent; primary leaf lobes with or without some secondary division; ultimate teeth or lobes triangular to narrowly so with apex rounded or not rounded below point; fruit with pericarp c. 0.5 mm across at suture, crustaceousLongest ultimate lobes > 20 mm long; leaves deeply divided into 2 or 3 simple narrowly triangular lobes each 1–8 mm wide; upper surface of leaf rachis and lobes with many acutely angled lateral veins at 20º–30º to midveinsLongest ultimate lobes ≤ 20 mm long; leaves variously divided, shallowly to deeply 3–7-toothed or -lobed and sometimes with secondary division; upper surface of leaf rachis and lobes with few or no lateral veins apart from lobe midveinsStylar swelling ovoid; pollen-presenter conical with base distinctly broader than apex of style; floral rachises with a sparse to dense indumentum of ±spreading hairsStylar swelling narrowly ovoid to narrowly subcylindrical; pollen-presenter subcylindrical to narrowly truncate-conical with base scarcely broader than apex of style; floral rachises glabrousAll leaves divided, with distance from branchlet to base of first lobe ≤ 5 mmEither all leaves entire, or some or all leaves divided and then with distance from branchlet to base of first lobe > 5 mmPedicels 2–5 mm long; leaves mostly with 5 primary lobes; ultimate lobes not or weakly pungent, often curvedPedicels 5–10 mm long; leaves with 3 or 5–7 primary lobes; ultimate lobes strongly pungent or not, straightPollen-presenter narrowly truncate-conical to fusiform, with its base much narrower than its height and scarcely broader than apex of stylePollen-presenter broadly conical, its base broader than its heightBasal section of leaf with a narrow wing-like strip of flat lamina extending all the way to the branchlet, its margins flat and projecting sideways; ultimate leaf lobes 8–35 mm long; fruit rugoseBasal section of leaf lacking wing-like lamina, if laminal tissue present then its margins strongly revolute; ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 7 mm long; fruit smooth or obscurely colliculateBranchlets pubescent to tomentose; fruits ruguloseBranchlets glabrous; fruits ±smoothLeaves divided; basal section of leaf (below first lobes) with a narrow wing-like strip of flat lamina extending all the way to the branchlet, its margins flat and projecting sideways; fruits rugose with short irregular peaks; leaf lobes 0.7–0.8 (–1.2) mm wideLeaves entire or divided; basal section of divided leaves (below first lobes) lacking wing-like lamina, if laminal tissue present then its margins strongly revolute; fruits smooth to rugose; lobes of divided leaves mostly 0.3–2.8 (–3.4) mm wideBranchlets glabrous or with sparse to dense straight appressed hairsBranchlets with ascending to spreading, straight to curled hairsUpper surface of leaf with venation obscure, sometimes midvein apparent only as an impressed groove; ultimate leaf lobes often curved, ≤ 20 mm long; fruit rugose with thick bony pericarp c. 1 mm thick at sutureUpper surface of leaves with venation (at least midvein) usually evident, often slightly prominent, rarely obscure; ultimate leaf lobes usually straight, 5–45 (–70) mm long; fruit smooth to rugose with a relatively thin crustaceous pericarp c. 0.5 mm thick at sutureLongest floral rachises 20–55 mm long; unit conflorescences subcylindrical or narrowly conico-cylindrical; pedicels often spreadingLongest floral rachises ≤ 20 mm long; unit conflorescences usually subglobose or subumbelloid, rarely shortly cylindrical; pedicels ascendingFloral rachises and outer surface of floral bracts both densely tomentose; fruits faintly rugose with rounded bumpsFloral rachises glabrous or sparsely silky at base; outer surface of floral bracts glabrous, with margins ciliate; fruits smooth or ruguloseFloral bracts conspicuous, 2.8–3.4 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, persistent almost to anthesis; basal pedicels 2.2–3.2 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; lower surface of leaf with margins tightly revolute to prominent midveins, completely obscuring laminaFloral bracts inconspicuous, 0.8–1.0 mm long, 0.3–0.8 mm wide, usually falling in early bud stage; basal pedicels 3.5–6.5 mm long; leaf lobes 0.8–1.4 mm wide; leaf lower surface often with a little lamina exposed between margins and midveins at least at sinusesBranchlets densely hairy; fruit rugulose-colliculate or very strongly rugose, not smoothBranchlets glabrous or sparsely hairy; fruits either smooth or very strongly rugoseFloral bracts glabrous on outer surface, with ciliate margins; fruit very strongly rugose with ridges drawn into short irregular peaks, or muricateFloral bracts usually densely hairy on outer surface, occasionally sparsely so or glabrous; fruit rugulose-colliculateLower surface of leaf with margins loosely revolute against midveins, often some leaves with a narrow area of lamina lower surface visible (sometimes only in sinuses); often many leaves with primary division only or occasionally some leaves simple; most ultimate lobes 25–40 mm long, 0.7–2.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical to truncate-conical; pedicels 3.5–6 mm long; floral bracts densely hairy outside, often persistent almost to anthesisLower surface of leaf with margins tightly revolute against midveins, no lamina lower surface visible; all leaves divided, most or all leaves with secondary division; most ultimate lobes 10–25 mm long, 0.4–1.2 mm wide; pollen-presenter truncate-conical to subcylindrical; pedicels 6.5–12 mm long; floral bracts glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy outside, deciduous in early bud stageFruit surface rough (rugulose to rugose-echinulate); branchlets glabrous or with some hairsFruit surface smooth; branchlets always glabrousFloral bracts glabrous on outer surface, with ciliate margins; fruits very strongly rugose with ridges drawn into short irregular peaks, or muricate; leaf lower surface with margins tightly revolute against midveins, obscuring laminaFloral bracts densely hairy on outer surface; fruits rugulose-colliculate; lower leaf surface with margins loosely revolute against midveins, often some leaves with some lamina exposed (sometimes only in sinuses)Widest leaf lobes ≤ 0.8 mm wide; lower surface of leaves on either side of midveins completely enclosed by tightly revolute margins; unit conflorescences ±dense, subglobose to domed-subumbelloidWidest leaf lobes 0.8–1.4 mm wide; lower surface of leaves with lamina on either side of midveins usually narrowly exposed (sometimes only at sinuses and only on some leaves); unit conflorescences loose, shortly cylindricalUpper surface of leaf with venation obscure, sometimes rachis and lobes with a faint central longitudinal channel; ultimate leaf lobes usually curved, ≤ 20 mm long, 0.3–1.2 mm wide; fruit rugoseUpper surface of leaves with venation (at least midvein) evident, often slightly prominent; ultimate leaf lobes usually straight, 5–45 (–70) mm long; fruit smooth to rugosePedicels 7–10 mm long; branchlets with a sparse to open indumentum; unit conflorescences 1.5–3 cm long; leaf lobes 1–1.2 mm widePedicels 2–5 mm long; branchlets densely pubescent to tomentose; unit conflorescences 1–2 cm long; leaf lobes 0.3–0.8 mm wideLeaves deeply divided into 2 or 3 simple narrowly triangular lobes 10–45 mm long, 1–8 mm wide, or entire and broadly linear to lanceolate; upper surface of leaf rachis and lobes with many acutely angled lateral veins at 20º–30º to midveinsLeaves divided with 3–5 (–7) primary lobes and sometimes with secondary division; lobes linear or if narrowly triangular then ≤ 15 mm long; upper surface of leaf rachis and lobes with few or no lateral veins apart from lobe midveinsUltimate leaf lobes narrowly triangular, rigid, straight, ≤ 15 mm long; fruit smooth or nearly soUltimate leaf lobes linear, rigid or pliable, straight or curved or slightly undulate, longest lobes usually 10–60 mm long; fruit faintly rugose to colliculateLower surface of leaf with margins loosely revolute against midveins, often some leaves with a narrow area of lamina visible (sometimes only in sinuses); often many leaves with primary division only or occasionally some leaves simple; most ultimate lobes 25–40 mm long, 0.7–2.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical to truncate-conical; pedicels 3.5–6 mm long; floral bracts densely hairy outside, often persistent almost to anthesisLower surface of leaf with margins tightly revolute against midveins, obscuring lamina; all leaves divided, most or all leaves with secondary division; most ultimate lobes 10–25 mm long, 0.4–1.2 mm wide; pollen-presenter usually cylindrical, sometimes truncate-conical; pedicels 6.5–12 mm long; floral bracts glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy outside, deciduous in early bud stageOvarian stipe > 1.5 mm long; nectary clearly evident, V-shaped; follicle obliquely compressed-ellipsoidal or -obovoidOvarian stipe < 1.5 mm long; nectary absent to obscure, not V-shaped; follicle narrowly obovoid-clavateAdult leaves subterete or plumply linear, < 3.0 cm long, ±incurvedAdult leaves ±flat, linear to obovate, elliptic or ovate, 1–16 cm long, straight or incurvedUnit conflorescences umbel-like or shortly cylindrical; ultimate floral rachises 10–20 mm long; flowers golden yellow or rarely creamy yellow; leaves densely crowded; follicle 10–16 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; ultimate floral rachises (25–) 40–50 mm long; flowers cream-white; leaves not densely crowded; follicle 9–10 mm longLeaves and branchlets with indumentum of ascending to spreading hairs; floral bracts 2–5 mm long, loosely villous; floral rachises glabrous, yellow when fresh, drying yellow or rarely to dark brownLeaves and branchlets glabrous or with dense to sparse indumentum of ±appressed hairs; floral bracts ≤ 2 mm long, densely sericeous to tomentose; floral rachises sericeous or rarely glabrous, yellow or notLongest adult leaves linear to narrowly linear-obovate or narrowly ellipticalLongest adult leaves orbicular, obovate or ellipticFloral rachises yellow, glabrous or nearly so; follicles 12–18 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wideFloral rachises brown and subsericeous, rarely glabrous and then yellow or brown; follicles usually 7–13 mm long, 2.5–4 mm wideUnit conflorescences acropetal; leaf margins flat; tepal limb segment not ribbed along midline at base; follicle usually 4–6 mm wide; leaf lower surface usually glabrous, rarely sericeousUnit conflorescences subsynchronous or occasionally basipetal; leaf margins flat or slightly to strongly involute; tepal limb obscurely ribbed along midline at base; follicle usually 2.5–4 mm wide; leaf lower surface sericeousAdult leaves with sericeous upper surfaceAdult leaves with glabrous upper surfacePollen-presenter very narrowly conical to subulate and erect on the erect style, and pistil ≥ 14 mm long, and unit conflorescences regular and cylindrical and leaf margins flat to incurved or obscure; leaves or leaf lobes often similar on both surfaces (or terete)Pollen-presenter discoid to clavate and oblique to lateral on the decurved to reflexed style, or if erect then broadly conical to cylindrical, very rarely narrowly conico-cylindrical; pistil 3–60 mm long; unit conflorescences cylindrical or not; style decurved or reflexed or erect; leaf margins flat or incurved or recurved or revolute; upper and lower surfaces of leaves or leaf lobes similar or dissimilar (or leaves terete)Unit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves entire, ±elliptic, 15–65 mm wide; fruits massive, 25–40 mm long, glabrous, lacking pustular craters or viscid secretionsUnit conflorescences erect or rarely decurved; leaves toothed to divided, or if entire then either linear to terete and < 5 mm wide, or spathulate and 10–35 mm wide; fruits 7–20 mm long, with glandular hairs and/or pustular viscid cratersLeaves divaricately lobed; leaf rachises deflexed at each node; floral rachises densely white-villousLeaves not divaricately lobed; leaf rachises not deflexed at each node; floral rachises glabrous or with an inconspicuous usually open indumentumLeaves subspathulate to narrowly so, with a long cuneate base, apically toothed or shallowly few-lobed, and/or entire and oblanceolate and then < 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe > 2 mm long; pedicels ≤ 1 mm longLeaves deeply divided, 2–9-sect, or entire and then < 3.5 mm wide and linear-subterete to oblanceolate; ovarian stipe ≤ 2 mm long; pedicels > 1 mm longLeaves mostly entire or 2- or 3- (–5)-partite, rarely with a secondary lobe or two; ultimate lobes < 10 per leaf; entire leaves and lobes linear to linear-subterete, often glaucous; branchlets usually secund; inflorescences erect to decurved, not emergent on long canes, held within or below foliage; floral rachises 30–75 mm longLeaves mostly divided, 3–9-partite, often with secondary or sometimes tertiary lobing; ultimate lobes usually > 10 per leaf (rarely fewer); entire leaves and lobes linear-subterete or trigonous-linear or flat and then narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, not glaucous; branchlets not secund; inflorescences usually exserted above foliage on long canes; floral rachises 60–200 mm longOvary glabrousOvary with hairs (sometimes few and minute), sessile or stipitateStipe of ovary 7–13 mm long (including adnate to the very oblique to lateral torus), and leaves entireStipe of ovary either < 5 mm long, or if longer then leaves divided or toothed; torus transverse to very obliqueOvary densely villous, with biramous hairs only; inner surface of perianth with a dense profuse beard; leaves ≤ 16 mm long, < 5 mm wide (south-western W.A.)Ovary sparsely pubescent, with minute erect simple hairs only; inner surface of perianth pubescent or papillose, lacking a profuse beard; leaves 10–210 mm long, 5–30 mm wide (eastern Australia)Most leaves ≥ 10 cm long; pistil ≥ 27 mm long; perianth glabrous outside; erect shrub 1.5–5 m tallMost leaves ≤ 3 cm long; pistil < 25 mm long; perianth glabrous or minutely and sparsely hairy outside; sprawling to spreading shrub 0.2–1.5 m tallInner surface of perianth with hairs or papillae below the limb segments (elsewhere than behind anthers)Inner surface of perianth glabrous below limb segment (ignore hairs behind anthers)Flowers ±sessile (pedicels 0–0.5 mm long), basiscopic; nectary divided into 4 separate erect lobes, spaced evenly around the torus (leaves with linear lobes; pistils 5–10 mm long; ovary sessile; flowers on rachises 20–70 mm long) (N.T.)Flowers pedicellate (pedicels > 1 mm long), usually acroscopic, sometimes transverse on rachis or basiscopic but then flowers with pedicels ≥ 2.5 mm long; nectary integral, arcuate to linguiform or annular (never in 4 separate lobes); ovary sessile or stipitateLeaf upper surface with curly biramous hairs only; style densely villous throughout; leaf veins decurrent and forming 3 conspicous stem ridges below leafLeaf upper surface with both straight biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs; style sparsely to loosely villous; leaf veins not decurrent to stem, not forming ridges below leaf baseOvary with a dense indumentum obscuring the ground tissueOvary indumentum open to sparse (ground tissue visible), or confined to the dorsal sidePistil ≤ 8 mm long, and pollen-presenter ±lateral on the style, and habit prostrate; nectary absent; tepals remaining apically joined in a small coherent cup after release of style-end, with the lower portions separating and widely everting (south-western W.A.)Pistil either > 8 mm long with pollen-presenter variously oriented or pistil 3–8 mm long and then pollen-presenter erect-conical; nectary evident or rarely obscure or absent; habit prostrate to erect; tepals either remaining loosely coherent and everting or not, or independently laxUnit conflorescences secund, sometimes shortly or broadly soUnit conflorescences regular and ±cylindrical, or conico-cylindricalPistil < 8 mm longPistil > 9 mm longStyle hairy with hairs for at least 1/2 (and usually 2/3) of its length; unit conflorescences usually > 2.5 cm longStyle glabrous over most of its length; unit conflorescences usually < 2 cm longLimb of bud with a white indumentum; unit conflorescences weakly acropetal, ±cylindrical; flowers not crowded; pistil ≤ 5 mm long; pedicels < 2 mm longLimb of bud with a brown indumentum; unit conflorescences strongly acropetal, ovoid; flowers crowded; pistil 6–7.5 mm long; pedicels > 3 mm longOvary clearly stipitate (sometimes shortly so), with stipe > 0.5 mm longOvary sessile or subsessile (stipe < c. 0.5 mm long)Unit conflorescences regular, cylindrical or conicalUnit conflorescences secund, loosely hemispherical or a loose cluster (not cylindrical or conico-cylindrical)Leaf lobes rigid, ±divaricate, pungent, longest ultimate lobes < 15 mm long; all leaves divided; conflorescence usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erectLeaf lobes pliable, not divaricate, not pungent, longest ultimate lobes ≥ 50 mm long; usually all leaves divided, sometimes some or all entire; conflorescence erectPistil < 30 mm longPistil ≥ 30 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical with flowers opening ±synchronously or sometimes those on one side first; flowers white to cream (Qld)Unit conflorescences with flower opening strongly acropetal, conical, with young buds at apex when first mature buds open at base; flowers orange or bright yellow (shrubs widespread in semi-arid zone)Pedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile); leaf lobes broadly linear to narrowly obovate, 4–12 mm widePedicels 3–6 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate); leaf lobes linear, 1.5–3 mm widePedicels 1.5–4 mm long; pistils 14–22 mm long; flowers acroscopicPedicels 8–20 mm long; pistils 18–27 mm long; flowers basiscopicPedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile)Pedicels 3–10 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate)Widest leaf lobes 5–15 mm wide; perianth and style usually red, or white to cream (rarely the colours mixed)Widest leaf lobes < 3 mm wide; perianth and style white to creamFloral rachis (60–) 80–200 mm long; pistil 43–46 mm longFloral rachis 20–80 mm long; pistil 26–35 mm longLeaves ovate, 18–70 mm wide, with 7–25 shallow teeth; torus reversely oblique; pistil 9–11 mm longLeaves variously shaped, entire or divided but either not ovate or not with teeth (or if doubtfully so then pistil 29–40 mm long); torus transverse to oblique; pistil 11–60 mm longPistil > 50 mm long; prostrate shrub; styles bright yellow to yellow or orange (N.T.)Pistil ≤ 40 mm long; erect to prostrate shrubs; styles red, pink, blackish, white, or yellow to orangeLeaves oblong to elliptic or rhomboid in general outline; widest leaves 20–35 mm wide, with (3–) 9–17 shallow triangular teeth or lobes; leaf margins very shortly recurved; pistil 29–30 mm long; outer surface of perianth with both gingery biramous hairs and simple erect purplish glandular hairsLeaves entire, or if divided then either the division deep and the ultimate lobes linear to oblong, or leaves with secondary division, or leaves ≤ 10 mm wide; leaf margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute (lower leaf surface mostly concealed); pistil 11–40 mm long; outer surface of perianth either with biramous hairs only or if simple erect glandular hairs present then leaf lobes ±linearPistil ≥ 30 mm longPistil < 30 mm longLeaves with deep primary division, the 6–18 primary lobes then with shallow ±triangular teeth 3–30 mm long and 5–10 mm wideLeaves entire or with primary division only, or if secondary division present then this also deep and ultimate lobes ±linear or subtereteLeaves 10–45 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis ascending, ±mutually aligned, not divaricate; ultimate lobes 15–25 cm long, 1–10 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or gently upcurved; floral rachis 80–220 mm longLeaves 1–9.5 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis either ascending and mutually aligned or widely spreading and the lobing divaricate (secondary division often present); all leaf segments ≤ 1.5 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; floral rachis 15–80 mm longLeaf lobes not divaricate or only weakly so, pliable, not or scarcely pungent; styles deep maroon-black to reddishLeaf lobes divaricate, ±rigid, pungent; styles redFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Distance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes ≤ 5 mm; pedicels 7–15 mm longDistance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes > 5 mm; pedicels 3–7 (–10) mm longLeaf upper surface with at least the midveins evident; pedicels 5.5–10 mm long; perianth ventrally markedly saccate, c. 3.5–5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-glandular hairsLeaf upper surface with all venation obscure; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; perianth ventrally convex but not saccate, c. 2.5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with biramous hairs onlyEither all leaves entire, or some or all leaves divided and then with longest ultimate lobes ≥ 60 mm longSome or all leaves divided; longest ultimate leaf lobes < 60 mm longStyles bright orange or bright yellow; base of floral rachises (at lowermost flower scar) stout, usually > 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumStyles red or deep maroon to black, rarely dull orange or pale yellow; base of floral rachises slender, < 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumMost or all leaves with > 10 primary lobesLeaves with < 10 primary lobesFloral bracts 3–5 mm long, subspathulate with a narrowly ovate head 0.5–0.9 mm wide, lacking a median keel and resin-filled duct; leaves drying green or grey-green; conflorescences usually emergent from foliage on canesFloral bracts 6–9 mm long, subspathulate with a broadly ovate head 1.7–4.0 mm wide, with a median keel containing a resin-filled duct; leaves drying yellow-green; conflorescences usually borne close to foliageLeaf margins smoothly revoluteLeaf margins angularly revoluteErect to spreading shrub 1.5–2.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect, borne above foliage; styles usually black or very deep maroon, rarely red or yellow; pistil 18–23 mm longProstrate to low mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; styles pink to red or pale orange; pistil 24–28 mm longAll leaves entire; floral rachis 25–65 mm longSome or all leaves divided, rarely all entire; floral rachis 45–115 mm longLeaf rachis angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; leaf lobes strongly divaricateLeaf rachis straight to gently upcurved; leaf lobes either not divaricate, or divaricate in or above the plane of the leaf rachis onlyLower surface of leaf on either side of midveins exposed, tomentose with curled hairs; style white to cream, sometimes pale pink with age (south-eastern Australia)Lower surface of leaf 2-grooved, with lamina on either side of midveins enclosed or very narrowly exposed; styles red or deep maroon-black or rarely yellow or pink (south-western Australia)Unit conflorescences erect or slightly decurved, dense, strongly secund; styles remaining white to cream after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually weakly pubescentUnit conflorescences usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erect, subcylindrical to weakly secund; styles reddening rapidly after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually appressed-sericeousLeaf margins angularly revolute (angularity best seen in cross-section)Leaf margins smoothly revoluteSome or all leaves with 3–7 short (≤ 20 mm long) rigid linear lobes clustered near leaf apexSome or all leaves with 3–13 pliable lobes (10–130 mm long) not clustered near leaf apexStyles deep maroon to black or occasionally pale red; floral rachis 20–50 mm long; low shrub 0.5–1.5 m tallStyles bright red; floral rachis 45–115 mm long; robust shrub 2–2.5 m tallUpper leaf surface with prominent longitudinal ridges, granuloseUpper leaf surface ±smooth, not ridgedMost or all leaves with secondary division; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; styles red or reddish pinkLeaves with primary division only, rarely a few secondary lobes; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long; styles usually deep maroon or black, rarely red or dull yellowLeaves with ±triangular teeth or lobes crowded at apex, or deeply divided with linear lobes; pistils 18–23 mm longLeaves deeply divided, lobes not crowded at apex; pistils ≥ 23 mm longFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Leaves with primary division onlySome or all leaves with secondary divisionLeaf lobes crowded at apex of leafLeaf lobes not crowded at apex of leafFloral rachis rusty-villous; fruit at maturity with predominantly simple glandular hairsFloral rachis white-villous; fruit at maturity with mainly nonglandular biramous hairsLow mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; conflorescence erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; pistils 24–28 mm longRobust erect to spreading shrub 1.5–3 m tall; conflorescence erect, not borne near ground; pistils 17–25 mm longStyle orange; pistil 17–22 mm long; seed peripterous (arid zone of northern central W.A.)Style red; pistil 22–25 mm long; seed not peripterous (near S coast of W.A.)Lower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein, tomentose with curled hairs; conflorescence decurved to pendulous; styles white to cream, reddening only after anthesis (south-eastern Australia)Lower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins; conflorescence erect or decurved; styles red or black to blackish maroon (south-western Australia)Style black or black-maroon; inner face of seed with a projecting elliptic waxy honeycombed 'ruff'Styles red or deep pink; inner face of seed with a narrow waxy border, not elaborated into a 'ruff'Conflorescence erect; pedicels 1–2 mm long; perianth greenish to fawn-pinkConflorescence decurved to deflexed; pedicels 3–5.5 mm long; perianth redEdge-veins evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-erect glandular hairsEdge-veins not evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with appressed biramous hairs onlyOuter surface of perianth glabrousOuter surface of perianth sparsely to densely hairy, at least on limbLow spreading shrub ≤ 1 m tall; perianth and style orange (W.A.)Spreading to erect shrub 2–2.5 m tall; perianth translucent-cream to purplish mauve to pink; style cream at base, becoming pale pinkish or mauve above, with a green tip (N.S.W.)Style with an indumentum of long fine spreading to ascending hairs (biramous but sometimes appearing simple and basifixed) over at least basal half (sometimes to apex)Style glabrous over most of its length, or with only appressed biramous hairs in basal third, or minute erect simple hairs (lacking long spreading hairs)Pollen-presenter erect, very narrowly conical or cylindrical with a bulbous base; style becoming glabrous in apical 1/2–1/3Pollen-presenter oblique on style, flat to convex; style with spreading indumentum persistent to apexMost or all leaves deeply divided, and with lower surface on either side midveins of leaf and lobes enclosed by the revolute leaf marginsMost leaves either simple and entire or toothed, or if more deeply divided then the lower surface on either side of the midvein(s) exposedDivided leaves with primary division onlySome or all divided leaves with secondary (and sometimes tertiary) divisionLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, with foliage usually entangled; prostrate to low mounded shrubs ≤ 1.5 m tallLeaf lobes usually ±mutually parallel, with foliage not usually entangled; prostrate or low mounded to erect shrubs to 4 (–6) m tallPistil 27–32 mm long; leaf lobes subterete with a marginal groove along each sidePistil 19–28 mm long; leaf lobes smoothly revolute but not subterete, with the 2 marginal grooves clearly situated on the topologically lower surfaceUnit conflorescences 6–17 cm long, usually held flat at ground level around periphery of shrub; pistil 24–28 mm long; fruit 8–12 mm thick (from side to side); seed 11–15 mm long, hemispherical with a spongy testa (SW of W.A.)Unit conflorescences 2–5 cm long, usually held above ground level; pistil 19–25 mm long; fruit 5–6 mm thick; seed c. 10 mm long, flattened-ellipsoidal; testa not spongy; (south-eastern Australia)Limb of flower bud glabrous, or occasionally with a very few appressed hairs; torus oblique at > 45º; perianth and style orange; low spreading to prostrate shrub (SW of W.A.)Limb of flower bud with a ±dense indumentum; torus oblique at < 45º, or transverse; perianth and style various colours, occasionally orange; prostrate to erect shrubsProstrate to low mounded or weakly erect shrub ≤ 1 m tall; style apex bright green, contrasting with main style colour (south-eastern Australia)Erect shrubs 1–4 (–6) m tall; style apex similar in colour to rest of style or a little paler (SW of W.A.)Style ±glabrous; pistil < 22 mm long; stipe of ovary(1.5–) 2–5 mm longStyle with appressed biramous hairs for c. 4–8 mm above ovary, and with minute simple hairs on the ventral side towards apex; pistil ≥ 22 mm long; stipe of ovary < 2 mm longUltimate leaf lobes usually wavy or curved, pliable not pungent; ovary ±sericeous with all hairs closely appressedUltimate leaf lobes ±straight, ±rigid, pungent; ovary villous with many hairs ascending to spreadingLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with midvein ±evident; leaf margins angularly refracted; pollen-presenter moderately oblique on style; floral rachis usually straightLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with venation obscure; leaf margins smoothly revolute; pollen-presenter very oblique to lateral on style; floral rachis often gently incurvedMost or all leaves simple and entire, (sometimes occasional leaves bifid or trifid); widest leaves < 4.5 mm wideMost leaves divided or toothed, or entire and then ≥ 5 mm wideAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleSome or all conflorescences decurved to deflexedAll conflorescences erectStipe of ovary ≤ 2.5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1–3 cm longStipe of ovary 2.5–5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1.8–4.5 cm longPistil 28–33 mm longPistil < 24 mm longFloral bracts < 2 mm long; pollen-presenter oblique on style; stipe of ovary 1.4–5 mm longFloral bracts > 2 mm long; pollen-presenter erect on style, or almost so; stipe of ovary 0.4–1.6 mm longPistil < 19 mm long and some or all leaves with at least some secondary divisionPistil either ≥ 19 mm long, or < 19 mm long and then the leaves simple and entire or with primary division onlyLeaf lower surface obscured by a dense thick indumentumLeaf lower surface glabrous, or clearly visible through an thin, open to sparse indumentumFloral bracts > 5 mm long; leaves deeply divided; leaf lobes pliableFloral bracts < 3 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; leaf lobes stiff to rigidStipe of ovary > 1.5 mm long; leaves toothed to shallowly lobed, occasionally only the lowermost teeth or lobes 2–3-fidStipe of ovary < 1.5 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply lobed, most or all leaves with two orders of divisionUnit conflorescences dense, mostly erect, strongly secund; floral rachis tomentose to woolly; style-end just below pollen-presenter < 0.4 mm wideUnit conflorescences somewhat loose, most or all decurved to pendulous, weakly secund; floral rachis silky; style-end just below pollen-presenter > 0.5 mm widePeduncle glabrous, thin, wiry; unit conflorescences usually pendent, occasionally decurvedPeduncle hairy over at least part of its length, stout; unit conflorescences pendent to decurved or erectUpper surface of leaf with a close, evenly distributed indumentum of curled to wavy hairsUpper surface of leaf glabrous, or with hairs scattered, irregularly patchy or restricted to the midvein area onlyFloral bracts ≤ c. 1 mm long and shorter than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly 1–2 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 1.5 mm long, as long as or longer than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly ≥ 3 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 5 mm long; peduncle villousFloral bracts < 5 mm long; peduncle shortly tomentose or subsericeous, at least towards apexLeaves shallowly divided; primary sinuses extending less than halfway to midrib; plant rhizomatousLeaves deeply divided, primary sinuses extending more than halfway to midrib; plants not rhizomatousWidest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 7 mm wide; lower surface of leaf glabrous except for scattered hairs mainly along veinsWidest ultimate leaf lobes > 8 mm wide; lower surface of leaf with a sparse but even indumentum of appressed wavy hairsLower surface of leaf glabrous, or with a sparse to dense indumentum of closely appressed hairs, the hairs straight to wavy (not tightly curled)Lower surface of leaf with a sparse to dense indumentum of ascending to spreading hairs, the hairs straight to wavy or tightly curledLower surface of leaf glabrous or nearly so, if hairs present then concentrated on and alongside the main veins; leaves with deep primary division; leaf lobes rigid and pungentLower surface of leaf with a more or less evenly distributed, sparse to dense indumentum; leaves entire or with shallow to deep primary division; leaf lobes (if present) rigid to pliable, pungent or not pungentPistil ≤ 15 mm long; floral bracts 5–10.5 mm longPistil > 15 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm longLimb of perianth (late bud) villous with a beard of straight silky hairs; peduncles robust and straight, usually > 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 1.5–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on sharply incurved stipeLimb of perianth tomentose to subvillous with curled to wavy hairs; peduncles flexible and usually curved to sinuate, < 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 2–4 mm long; fruit ±erect on stipeOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous or loosely so, the hairs ascending to spreading, straight to curled, not mutually aligned along the perianthOuter surface of perianth subsericeous, the hairs appressed, straight, mutually aligned along the perianthPistil < 18 mm long; floral bracts > 5 mm long, conspicuous and persistent to anthesisPistil > 18 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm long, usually inconspicuous, falling early or persistent to anthesisAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleHairs on ovary spreading, multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts (0.9–) 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (occasionally ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts ≤ 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or lobedMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wide; plant prostrateMost leaves < 20 mm wide; plant an erect to spreading shrubPistil ≤ 17 mm longPistil > 17 mm longLeaves bipinnatifid, the primary division more than half-way to the midrib; primary lobes (3–) 5–7, always with some secondary lobingLeaves regularly dentate with 5–25 small marginal teeth (rarely shallowly pinnatifid), usually lacking secondary division (occasionally a secondary tooth)Erect to spreading shrub; pistil 14–15 mm long; stipe of ovary 0.6–1.0 mm long; style lilac-pink with a pale yellow apexProstrate, often mat-forming shrub; pistil 16–19 mm long; stipe of ovary 1.8–2.7 mm long; style deep burgundy red or rarely dull pink or orange to yellow, with a green tipMost or all leaves > 12 cm long, < 20 mm wideMost or all leaves < 12 cm long, and/or > 20 mm wide (width including lobes)Leaves regularly and shallowly dentate, with 5–19 (–25) small teeth of < 3 mm amplitude, spaced ±evenly around margins; floral rachis sericeous or sparsely so; prostrate often mat-forming shrubLeaves dentate or pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with 3–18 teeth or lobes of > 4 mm amplitude, either evenly spaced or mainly in apical half; floral rachis subsericeous (appressed hairs) or tomentose to subvillous (ascending to spreading hairs); prostrate to spreading or weakly erect shrubsLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein visible through an open indumentumLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein concealed by a dense indumentum (10× magnification)Prostrate rhizomatous shrub; pedicels 3–8 mm long; leaves usually 6–14 cm longDecumbent to weakly upright shrubs (sometimes rhizomatous); pedicels 1–3 mm long; leaves 2.5–7 cm longHairs of leaf lower surface straight; leaves shallowly and coarsely toothed or lobed (basal lobes sometimes bifid); anthers poorly developed with sparse pollenHairs of leaf lower surface usually curved to wavy; leaves with deep primary division, most primary lobes again 2–5-fidFloral bracts 2–3 mm long, usually persistent at anthesis; anthers poorly developed, with sparse pollenFloral bracts ≤ 2.5 mm long, usually falling before anthesis; anthers well-developed with abundant pollenFloral bracts ≤ 1 mm long; fruit borne erect on a straight stipe; leaves shallowly to very deeply divided; pollen-presenter oblique at > 45ºFloral bracts 1–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on an incurved stipe; leaves shallowly divided; pollen-presenter oblique at ≤ 45ºMost leaves ≤ 15 mm wideMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wideLower surface of leaves with only scattered ascending to spreading hairs, concentrated on and beside the veins, rest of surface glabrous or nearly soLower surface of leaves with a more or less evenly distributed, dense to sparse indumentumLeaves divided with the ultimate leaf lobes ±narrowly oblong to linear or narrowly obovateLeaves entire, or divided with the ultimate leaf lobes or teeth broadly to narrowly triangular or -ovateLeaves with (11–) 19–36 spreading soft simple straight primary lobes; lower surface appearing densely villous, with a two-layered indumentum, the lower layer of dense-packed appressed pale hairs, underlying a looser upper layer of spreading long straight to wavy hairsLeaves with (2–) 5–13 (–21) spreading to ascending, simple to 5–partite primary lobes; lower surface densely to openly tomentose with wavy to curled hairs, indumentum not two-layeredFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long, usually persistent to anthesis; hairs of leaf lower surface straight to wavy or loosely curledFloral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; hairs of leaf lower surface tightly twisted or curledPistil < 17 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long; leaves usually 5–12 cm long; perianth villous outsideFloral bracts < c. 3 mm long; leaves usually 3–6 cm long; perianth subsericeous to shortly tomentose outsideAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedMost or all leaves < 5 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a usually open indumentum, the ground-tissue visible between the hairs (at 10× magnification); prostrate to sprawling shrub to 1 m tallMost or all leaves < 7 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a dense indumentum, ground-tissue not visible between the hairs; spreading to erect shrubs or small trees 1–8 m tallErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousSome or all leaves > 15 cm longAll leaves < 12 cm longErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousOuter surface of perianth with mixed pale biramous hairs and conspicuous purple simple erect glandular hairs; pistils 29–40 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces slightly discolorous but with similar short indumentum of curled hairs (far north-western Australia)Outer surface of perianth with pale biramous hairs only, lacking purple glandular hairs; pistils 18–26 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces strongly dissimilar (upper surface occasionally with short curled hairs, but clearly differing from lower surface) (south-eastern Australia)Pistils 29–30 mm longPistils 33–40 mm longOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous with ascending to spreading, straight to wavy hairsOuter surface of perianth with appressed straight hairsHairs on ovary multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (rarely ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAnthers poorly developed with sparse pollen; leaves shallowly divided; lower surface of leaves with more or less straight hairs, forming an open to moderately dense indumentumAnthers plump, well-developed, with abundant pollen; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; lower surface of leaves with tightly curled hairs, forming a dense indumentumPistil ≥ 9 mm long; pollen-presenter usually oblique, rarely erect and conical; indumentum of ovary and fruit without or rarely with dark red-brown to purplish markingsPistil 3–8 mm long; pollen-presenter erect, conical; indumentum of ovary and fruit pale with dark red-brown to purplish markingsPistil < 8 mm longPistil > 9 mm longStyle hairy with hairs for at least 1/2 (and usually 2/3) of its length; unit conflorescences usually > 2.5 cm longStyle glabrous over most of its length; unit conflorescences usually < 2 cm longLimb of bud with a white indumentum; unit conflorescences weakly acropetal, ±cylindrical; flowers not crowded; pistil ≤ 5 mm long; pedicels < 2 mm longLimb of bud with a brown indumentum; unit conflorescences strongly acropetal, ovoid; flowers crowded; pistil 6–7.5 mm long; pedicels > 3 mm longOvary clearly stipitate (sometimes shortly so), with stipe > 0.5 mm longOvary sessile or subsessile (stipe < c. 0.5 mm long)Unit conflorescences secund, loosely hemispherical or a loose cluster (not cylindrical or conico-cylindrical)Unit conflorescences regular, cylindrical or conicalLeaf lobes pliable, not divaricate, not pungent, longest ultimate lobes ≥ 50 mm long; usually all leaves divided, sometimes some or all entire; conflorescence erectLeaf lobes rigid, ±divaricate, pungent, longest ultimate lobes < 15 mm long; all leaves divided; conflorescence usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erectPistil < 30 mm longPistil ≥ 30 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical with flowers opening ±synchronously or sometimes those on one side first; flowers white to cream (Qld)Unit conflorescences with flower opening strongly acropetal, conical, with young buds at apex when first mature buds open at base; flowers orange or bright yellow (shrubs widespread in semi-arid zone)Pedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile); leaf lobes broadly linear to narrowly obovate, 4–12 mm widePedicels 3–6 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate); leaf lobes linear, 1.5–3 mm widePedicels 1.5–4 mm long; pistils 14–22 mm long; flowers acroscopicPedicels 8–20 mm long; pistils 18–27 mm long; flowers basiscopicPedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile)Pedicels 3–10 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate)Widest leaf lobes 5–15 mm wide; perianth and style usually red, or white to cream (rarely the colours mixed)Widest leaf lobes < 3 mm wide; perianth and style white to creamFloral rachis (60–) 80–200 mm long; pistil 43–46 mm longFloral rachis 20–80 mm long; pistil 26–35 mm longLeaves ovate, 18–70 mm wide, with 7–25 shallow teeth; torus reversely oblique; pistil 9–11 mm longLeaves variously shaped, entire or divided but either not ovate or not with teeth (or if doubtfully so then pistil 29–40 mm long); torus transverse to oblique; pistil 11–60 mm longPistil > 50 mm long; prostrate shrub; styles bright yellow to yellow or orange (N.T.)Pistil ≤ 40 mm long; erect to prostrate shrubs; styles red, pink, blackish, white, or yellow to orangeLeaves oblong to elliptic or rhomboid in general outline; widest leaves 20–35 mm wide, with (3–) 9–17 shallow triangular teeth or lobes; leaf margins very shortly recurved; pistil 29–30 mm long; outer surface of perianth with both gingery biramous hairs and simple erect purplish glandular hairsLeaves entire, or if divided then either the division deep and the ultimate lobes linear to oblong, or leaves with secondary division, or leaves ≤ 10 mm wide; leaf margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute (lower leaf surface mostly concealed); pistil 11–40 mm long; outer surface of perianth either with biramous hairs only or if simple erect glandular hairs present then leaf lobes ±linearPistil ≥ 30 mm longPistil < 30 mm longLeaves with deep primary division, the 6–18 primary lobes then with shallow ±triangular teeth 3–30 mm long and 5–10 mm wideLeaves entire or with primary division only, or if secondary division present then this also deep and ultimate lobes ±linear or subtereteLeaves 10–45 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis ascending, ±mutually aligned, not divaricate; ultimate lobes 15–25 cm long, 1–10 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or gently upcurved; floral rachis 80–220 mm longLeaves 1–9.5 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis either ascending and mutually aligned or widely spreading and the lobing divaricate (secondary division often present); all leaf segments ≤ 1.5 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; floral rachis 15–80 mm longLeaf lobes not divaricate or only weakly so, pliable, not or scarcely pungent; styles deep maroon-black to reddishLeaf lobes divaricate, ±rigid, pungent; styles redFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Distance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes ≤ 5 mm; pedicels 7–15 mm longDistance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes > 5 mm; pedicels 3–7 (–10) mm longLeaf upper surface with at least the midveins evident; pedicels 5.5–10 mm long; perianth ventrally markedly saccate, c. 3.5–5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-glandular hairsLeaf upper surface with all venation obscure; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; perianth ventrally convex but not saccate, c. 2.5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with biramous hairs onlyEither all leaves entire, or some or all leaves divided and then with longest ultimate lobes ≥ 60 mm longSome or all leaves divided; longest ultimate leaf lobes < 60 mm longStyles bright orange or bright yellow; base of floral rachises (at lowermost flower scar) stout, usually > 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumStyles red or deep maroon to black, rarely dull orange or pale yellow; base of floral rachises slender, < 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumMost or all leaves with > 10 primary lobesLeaves with < 10 primary lobesFloral bracts 3–5 mm long, subspathulate with a narrowly ovate head 0.5–0.9 mm wide, lacking a median keel and resin-filled duct; leaves drying green or grey-green; conflorescences usually emergent from foliage on canesFloral bracts 6–9 mm long, subspathulate with a broadly ovate head 1.7–4.0 mm wide, with a median keel containing a resin-filled duct; leaves drying yellow-green; conflorescences usually borne close to foliageLeaf margins smoothly revoluteLeaf margins angularly revoluteErect to spreading shrub 1.5–2.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect, borne above foliage; styles usually black or very deep maroon, rarely red or yellow; pistil 18–23 mm longProstrate to low mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; styles pink to red or pale orange; pistil 24–28 mm longAll leaves entire; floral rachis 25–65 mm longSome or all leaves divided, rarely all entire; floral rachis 45–115 mm longLeaf rachis straight to gently upcurved; leaf lobes either not divaricate, or divaricate in or above the plane of the leaf rachis onlyLeaf rachis angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; leaf lobes strongly divaricateLower surface of leaf on either side of midveins exposed, tomentose with curled hairs; style white to cream, sometimes pale pink with age (south-eastern Australia)Lower surface of leaf 2-grooved, with lamina on either side of midveins enclosed or very narrowly exposed; styles red or deep maroon-black or rarely yellow or pink (south-western Australia)Unit conflorescences erect or slightly decurved, dense, strongly secund; styles remaining white to cream after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually weakly pubescentUnit conflorescences usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erect, subcylindrical to weakly secund; styles reddening rapidly after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually appressed-sericeousLeaf margins angularly revolute (angularity best seen in cross-section)Leaf margins smoothly revoluteSome or all leaves with 3–7 short (≤ 20 mm long) rigid linear lobes clustered near leaf apexSome or all leaves with 3–13 pliable lobes (10–130 mm long) not clustered near leaf apexStyles deep maroon to black or occasionally pale red; floral rachis 20–50 mm long; low shrub 0.5–1.5 m tallStyles bright red; floral rachis 45–115 mm long; robust shrub 2–2.5 m tallUpper leaf surface with prominent longitudinal ridges, granuloseUpper leaf surface ±smooth, not ridgedMost or all leaves with secondary division; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; styles red or reddish pinkLeaves with primary division only, rarely a few secondary lobes; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long; styles usually deep maroon or black, rarely red or dull yellowLeaves with ±triangular teeth or lobes crowded at apex, or deeply divided with linear lobes; pistils 18–23 mm longLeaves deeply divided, lobes not crowded at apex; pistils ≥ 23 mm longFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Leaves with primary division onlySome or all leaves with secondary divisionLeaf lobes crowded at apex of leafLeaf lobes not crowded at apex of leafFloral rachis rusty-villous; fruit at maturity with predominantly simple glandular hairsFloral rachis white-villous; fruit at maturity with mainly nonglandular biramous hairsLow mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; conflorescence erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; pistils 24–28 mm longRobust erect to spreading shrub 1.5–3 m tall; conflorescence erect, not borne near ground; pistils 17–25 mm longStyle orange; pistil 17–22 mm long; seed peripterous (arid zone of northern central W.A.)Style red; pistil 22–25 mm long; seed not peripterous (near S coast of W.A.)Lower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein, tomentose with curled hairs; conflorescence decurved to pendulous; styles white to cream, reddening only after anthesis (south-eastern Australia)Lower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins; conflorescence erect or decurved; styles red or black to blackish maroon (south-western Australia)Style black or black-maroon; inner face of seed with a projecting elliptic waxy honeycombed 'ruff'Styles red or deep pink; inner face of seed with a narrow waxy border, not elaborated into a 'ruff'Conflorescence erect; pedicels 1–2 mm long; perianth greenish to fawn-pinkConflorescence decurved to deflexed; pedicels 3–5.5 mm long; perianth redEdge-veins evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-erect glandular hairsEdge-veins not evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with appressed biramous hairs onlyOuter surface of perianth glabrousOuter surface of perianth sparsely to densely hairy, at least on limbLow spreading shrub ≤ 1 m tall; perianth and style orange (W.A.)Spreading to erect shrub 2–2.5 m tall; perianth translucent-cream to purplish mauve to pink; style cream at base, becoming pale pinkish or mauve above, with a green tip (N.S.W.)Style with an indumentum of long fine spreading to ascending hairs (biramous but sometimes appearing simple and basifixed) over at least basal half (sometimes to apex)Style glabrous over most of its length, or with only appressed biramous hairs in basal third, or minute erect simple hairs (lacking long spreading hairs)Pollen-presenter erect, very narrowly conical or cylindrical with a bulbous base; style becoming glabrous in apical 1/2–1/3Pollen-presenter oblique on style, flat to convex; style with spreading indumentum persistent to apexMost or all leaves deeply divided, and with lower surface on either side midveins of leaf and lobes enclosed by the revolute leaf marginsMost leaves either simple and entire or toothed, or if more deeply divided then the lower surface on either side of the midvein(s) exposedDivided leaves with primary division onlySome or all divided leaves with secondary (and sometimes tertiary) divisionLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, with foliage usually entangled; prostrate to low mounded shrubs ≤ 1.5 m tallLeaf lobes usually ±mutually parallel, with foliage not usually entangled; prostrate or low mounded to erect shrubs to 4 (–6) m tallPistil 27–32 mm long; leaf lobes subterete with a marginal groove along each sidePistil 19–28 mm long; leaf lobes smoothly revolute but not subterete, with the 2 marginal grooves clearly situated on the topologically lower surfaceUnit conflorescences 6–17 cm long, usually held flat at ground level around periphery of shrub; pistil 24–28 mm long; fruit 8–12 mm thick (from side to side); seed 11–15 mm long, hemispherical with a spongy testa (SW of W.A.)Unit conflorescences 2–5 cm long, usually held above ground level; pistil 19–25 mm long; fruit 5–6 mm thick; seed c. 10 mm long, flattened-ellipsoidal; testa not spongy; (south-eastern Australia)Limb of flower bud glabrous, or occasionally with a very few appressed hairs; torus oblique at > 45º; perianth and style orange; low spreading to prostrate shrub (SW of W.A.)Limb of flower bud with a ±dense indumentum; torus oblique at < 45º, or transverse; perianth and style various colours, occasionally orange; prostrate to erect shrubsProstrate to low mounded or weakly erect shrub ≤ 1 m tall; style apex bright green, contrasting with main style colour (south-eastern Australia)Erect shrubs 1–4 (–6) m tall; style apex similar in colour to rest of style or a little paler (SW of W.A.)Style ±glabrous; pistil < 22 mm long; stipe of ovary(1.5–) 2–5 mm longStyle with appressed biramous hairs for c. 4–8 mm above ovary, and with minute simple hairs on the ventral side towards apex; pistil ≥ 22 mm long; stipe of ovary < 2 mm longUltimate leaf lobes usually wavy or curved, pliable not pungent; ovary ±sericeous with all hairs closely appressedUltimate leaf lobes ±straight, ±rigid, pungent; ovary villous with many hairs ascending to spreadingLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with midvein ±evident; leaf margins angularly refracted; pollen-presenter moderately oblique on style; floral rachis usually straightLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with venation obscure; leaf margins smoothly revolute; pollen-presenter very oblique to lateral on style; floral rachis often gently incurvedMost or all leaves simple and entire, (sometimes occasional leaves bifid or trifid); widest leaves < 4.5 mm wideMost leaves divided or toothed, or entire and then ≥ 5 mm wideAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleSome or all conflorescences decurved to deflexedAll conflorescences erectStipe of ovary ≤ 2.5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1–3 cm longStipe of ovary 2.5–5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1.8–4.5 cm longPistil 28–33 mm longPistil < 24 mm longFloral bracts < 2 mm long; pollen-presenter oblique on style; stipe of ovary 1.4–5 mm longFloral bracts > 2 mm long; pollen-presenter erect on style, or almost so; stipe of ovary 0.4–1.6 mm longPistil < 19 mm long and some or all leaves with at least some secondary divisionPistil either ≥ 19 mm long, or < 19 mm long and then the leaves simple and entire or with primary division onlyLeaf lower surface obscured by a dense thick indumentumLeaf lower surface glabrous, or clearly visible through an thin, open to sparse indumentumFloral bracts > 5 mm long; leaves deeply divided; leaf lobes pliableFloral bracts < 3 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; leaf lobes stiff to rigidStipe of ovary > 1.5 mm long; leaves toothed to shallowly lobed, occasionally only the lowermost teeth or lobes 2–3-fidStipe of ovary < 1.5 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply lobed, most or all leaves with two orders of divisionUnit conflorescences dense, mostly erect, strongly secund; floral rachis tomentose to woolly; style-end just below pollen-presenter < 0.4 mm wideUnit conflorescences somewhat loose, most or all decurved to pendulous, weakly secund; floral rachis silky; style-end just below pollen-presenter > 0.5 mm widePeduncle glabrous, thin, wiry; unit conflorescences usually pendent, occasionally decurvedPeduncle hairy over at least part of its length, stout; unit conflorescences pendent to decurved or erectUpper surface of leaf with a close, evenly distributed indumentum of curled to wavy hairsUpper surface of leaf glabrous, or with hairs scattered, irregularly patchy or restricted to the midvein area onlyFloral bracts ≤ c. 1 mm long and shorter than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly 1–2 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 1.5 mm long, as long as or longer than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly ≥ 3 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 5 mm long; peduncle villousFloral bracts < 5 mm long; peduncle shortly tomentose or subsericeous, at least towards apexLeaves shallowly divided; primary sinuses extending less than halfway to midrib; plant rhizomatousLeaves deeply divided, primary sinuses extending more than halfway to midrib; plants not rhizomatousWidest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 7 mm wide; lower surface of leaf glabrous except for scattered hairs mainly along veinsWidest ultimate leaf lobes > 8 mm wide; lower surface of leaf with a sparse but even indumentum of appressed wavy hairsLower surface of leaf with a sparse to dense indumentum of ascending to spreading hairs, the hairs straight to wavy or tightly curledLower surface of leaf glabrous, or with a sparse to dense indumentum of closely appressed hairs, the hairs straight to wavy (not tightly curled)Lower surface of leaf glabrous or nearly so, if hairs present then concentrated on and alongside the main veins; leaves with deep primary division; leaf lobes rigid and pungentLower surface of leaf with a more or less evenly distributed, sparse to dense indumentum; leaves entire or with shallow to deep primary division; leaf lobes (if present) rigid to pliable, pungent or not pungentPistil ≤ 15 mm long; floral bracts 5–10.5 mm longPistil > 15 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm longLimb of perianth (late bud) villous with a beard of straight silky hairs; peduncles robust and straight, usually > 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 1.5–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on sharply incurved stipeLimb of perianth tomentose to subvillous with curled to wavy hairs; peduncles flexible and usually curved to sinuate, < 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 2–4 mm long; fruit ±erect on stipeOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous or loosely so, the hairs ascending to spreading, straight to curled, not mutually aligned along the perianthOuter surface of perianth subsericeous, the hairs appressed, straight, mutually aligned along the perianthPistil < 18 mm long; floral bracts > 5 mm long, conspicuous and persistent to anthesisPistil > 18 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm long, usually inconspicuous, falling early or persistent to anthesisAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleHairs on ovary spreading, multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts (0.9–) 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (occasionally ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts ≤ 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or lobedMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wide; plant prostrateMost leaves < 20 mm wide; plant an erect to spreading shrubPistil ≤ 17 mm longPistil > 17 mm longLeaves bipinnatifid, the primary division more than half-way to the midrib; primary lobes (3–) 5–7, always with some secondary lobingLeaves regularly dentate with 5–25 small marginal teeth (rarely shallowly pinnatifid), usually lacking secondary division (occasionally a secondary tooth)Erect to spreading shrub; pistil 14–15 mm long; stipe of ovary 0.6–1.0 mm long; style lilac-pink with a pale yellow apexProstrate, often mat-forming shrub; pistil 16–19 mm long; stipe of ovary 1.8–2.7 mm long; style deep burgundy red or rarely dull pink or orange to yellow, with a green tipMost or all leaves > 12 cm long, < 20 mm wideMost or all leaves < 12 cm long, and/or > 20 mm wide (width including lobes)Leaves regularly and shallowly dentate, with 5–19 (–25) small teeth of < 3 mm amplitude, spaced ±evenly around margins; floral rachis sericeous or sparsely so; prostrate often mat-forming shrubLeaves dentate or pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with 3–18 teeth or lobes of > 4 mm amplitude, either evenly spaced or mainly in apical half; floral rachis subsericeous (appressed hairs) or tomentose to subvillous (ascending to spreading hairs); prostrate to spreading or weakly erect shrubsLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein visible through an open indumentumLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein concealed by a dense indumentum (10× magnification)Prostrate rhizomatous shrub; pedicels 3–8 mm long; leaves usually 6–14 cm longDecumbent to weakly upright shrubs (sometimes rhizomatous); pedicels 1–3 mm long; leaves 2.5–7 cm longHairs of leaf lower surface straight; leaves shallowly and coarsely toothed or lobed (basal lobes sometimes bifid); anthers poorly developed with sparse pollenHairs of leaf lower surface usually curved to wavy; leaves with deep primary division, most primary lobes again 2–5-fidFloral bracts 2–3 mm long, usually persistent at anthesis; anthers poorly developed, with sparse pollenFloral bracts ≤ 2.5 mm long, usually falling before anthesis; anthers well-developed with abundant pollenFloral bracts ≤ 1 mm long; fruit borne erect on a straight stipe; leaves shallowly to very deeply divided; pollen-presenter oblique at > 45ºFloral bracts 1–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on an incurved stipe; leaves shallowly divided; pollen-presenter oblique at ≤ 45ºMost leaves ≤ 15 mm wideMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wideLower surface of leaves with only scattered ascending to spreading hairs, concentrated on and beside the veins, rest of surface glabrous or nearly soLower surface of leaves with a more or less evenly distributed, dense to sparse indumentumLeaves divided with the ultimate leaf lobes ±narrowly oblong to linear or narrowly obovateLeaves entire, or divided with the ultimate leaf lobes or teeth broadly to narrowly triangular or -ovateLeaves with (11–) 19–36 spreading soft simple straight primary lobes; lower surface appearing densely villous, with a two-layered indumentum, the lower layer of dense-packed appressed pale hairs, underlying a looser upper layer of spreading long straight to wavy hairsLeaves with (2–) 5–13 (–21) spreading to ascending, simple to 5–partite primary lobes; lower surface densely to openly tomentose with wavy to curled hairs, indumentum not two-layeredFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long, usually persistent to anthesis; hairs of leaf lower surface straight to wavy or loosely curledFloral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; hairs of leaf lower surface tightly twisted or curledPistil < 17 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long; leaves usually 5–12 cm long; perianth villous outsideFloral bracts < c. 3 mm long; leaves usually 3–6 cm long; perianth subsericeous to shortly tomentose outsideAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedMost or all leaves < 5 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a usually open indumentum, the ground-tissue visible between the hairs (at 10× magnification); prostrate to sprawling shrub to 1 m tallMost or all leaves < 7 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a dense indumentum, ground-tissue not visible between the hairs; spreading to erect shrubs or small trees 1–8 m tallErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousSome or all leaves > 15 cm longAll leaves < 12 cm longErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousOuter surface of perianth with mixed pale biramous hairs and conspicuous purple simple erect glandular hairs; pistils 29–40 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces slightly discolorous but with similar short indumentum of curled hairs (far north-western Australia)Outer surface of perianth with pale biramous hairs only, lacking purple glandular hairs; pistils 18–26 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces strongly dissimilar (upper surface occasionally with short curled hairs, but clearly differing from lower surface) (south-eastern Australia)Pistils 29–30 mm longPistils 33–40 mm longOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous with ascending to spreading, straight to wavy hairsOuter surface of perianth with appressed straight hairsHairs on ovary multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (rarely ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAnthers poorly developed with sparse pollen; leaves shallowly divided; lower surface of leaves with more or less straight hairs, forming an open to moderately dense indumentumAnthers plump, well-developed, with abundant pollen; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; lower surface of leaves with tightly curled hairs, forming a dense indumentumUpper surface of leaves and lobes with several longitudinal ridges, lacking a distinct midvein; flowers oriented transversely to rachis (ventral sutures of perianth at right angles to rachis); flower white to creamUpper surface of leaves and lobes with a distinct midvein (sometimes also an intramarginal ridged vein on either side); flowers oriented basiscopically (ventral suture of perianth facing towards base of rachis) or rarely transversely or acroscopically; flowers white to cream, red, or orangeUnit conflorescences subglobose-umbelloidUnit conflorescences cylindricalStyle villous over all its length, at least on dorsal side; perianth glabrous inside; seeds ±hemisphericalStyle glabrous or with hairs restricted to lower third; perianth hairy or glabrous inside; seeds strongly compressedStyle glabrous or with hairs extending only c. 2 mm above ovary; floral bracts 4–7 (–9–) mm long; most or all leaves simpleStyle villous in basal third; floral bracts < 2.5 mm long; most or all leaves dividedPistil < 8 mm longPistil > 9 mm longStyle hairy with hairs for at least 1/2 (and usually 2/3) of its length; unit conflorescences usually > 2.5 cm longStyle glabrous over most of its length; unit conflorescences usually < 2 cm longLimb of bud with a white indumentum; unit conflorescences weakly acropetal, ±cylindrical; flowers not crowded; pistil ≤ 5 mm long; pedicels < 2 mm longLimb of bud with a brown indumentum; unit conflorescences strongly acropetal, ovoid; flowers crowded; pistil 6–7.5 mm long; pedicels > 3 mm longOvary sessile or subsessile (stipe < c. 0.5 mm long)Ovary clearly stipitate (sometimes shortly so), with stipe > 0.5 mm longUnit conflorescences regular, cylindrical or conicalUnit conflorescences secund, loosely hemispherical or a loose cluster (not cylindrical or conico-cylindrical)Leaf lobes rigid, ±divaricate, pungent, longest ultimate lobes < 15 mm long; all leaves divided; conflorescence usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erectLeaf lobes pliable, not divaricate, not pungent, longest ultimate lobes ≥ 50 mm long; usually all leaves divided, sometimes some or all entire; conflorescence erectPistil < 30 mm longPistil ≥ 30 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical with flowers opening ±synchronously or sometimes those on one side first; flowers white to cream (Qld)Unit conflorescences with flower opening strongly acropetal, conical, with young buds at apex when first mature buds open at base; flowers orange or bright yellow (shrubs widespread in semi-arid zone)Pedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile); leaf lobes broadly linear to narrowly obovate, 4–12 mm widePedicels 3–6 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate); leaf lobes linear, 1.5–3 mm widePedicels 1.5–4 mm long; pistils 14–22 mm long; flowers acroscopicPedicels 8–20 mm long; pistils 18–27 mm long; flowers basiscopicPedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile)Pedicels 3–10 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate)Widest leaf lobes 5–15 mm wide; perianth and style usually red, or white to cream (rarely the colours mixed)Widest leaf lobes < 3 mm wide; perianth and style white to creamFloral rachis (60–) 80–200 mm long; pistil 43–46 mm longFloral rachis 20–80 mm long; pistil 26–35 mm longLeaves ovate, 18–70 mm wide, with 7–25 shallow teeth; torus reversely oblique; pistil 9–11 mm longLeaves variously shaped, entire or divided but either not ovate or not with teeth (or if doubtfully so then pistil 29–40 mm long); torus transverse to oblique; pistil 11–60 mm longPistil > 50 mm long; prostrate shrub; styles bright yellow to yellow or orange (N.T.)Pistil ≤ 40 mm long; erect to prostrate shrubs; styles red, pink, blackish, white, or yellow to orangeLeaves oblong to elliptic or rhomboid in general outline; widest leaves 20–35 mm wide, with (3–) 9–17 shallow triangular teeth or lobes; leaf margins very shortly recurved; pistil 29–30 mm long; outer surface of perianth with both gingery biramous hairs and simple erect purplish glandular hairsLeaves entire, or if divided then either the division deep and the ultimate lobes linear to oblong, or leaves with secondary division, or leaves ≤ 10 mm wide; leaf margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute (lower leaf surface mostly concealed); pistil 11–40 mm long; outer surface of perianth either with biramous hairs only or if simple erect glandular hairs present then leaf lobes ±linearPistil ≥ 30 mm longPistil < 30 mm longLeaves with deep primary division, the 6–18 primary lobes then with shallow ±triangular teeth 3–30 mm long and 5–10 mm wideLeaves entire or with primary division only, or if secondary division present then this also deep and ultimate lobes ±linear or subtereteLeaves 10–45 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis ascending, ±mutually aligned, not divaricate; ultimate lobes 15–25 cm long, 1–10 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or gently upcurved; floral rachis 80–220 mm longLeaves 1–9.5 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis either ascending and mutually aligned or widely spreading and the lobing divaricate (secondary division often present); all leaf segments ≤ 1.5 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; floral rachis 15–80 mm longLeaf lobes not divaricate or only weakly so, pliable, not or scarcely pungent; styles deep maroon-black to reddishLeaf lobes divaricate, ±rigid, pungent; styles redFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Distance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes ≤ 5 mm; pedicels 7–15 mm longDistance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes > 5 mm; pedicels 3–7 (–10) mm longLeaf upper surface with at least the midveins evident; pedicels 5.5–10 mm long; perianth ventrally markedly saccate, c. 3.5–5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-glandular hairsLeaf upper surface with all venation obscure; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; perianth ventrally convex but not saccate, c. 2.5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with biramous hairs onlyEither all leaves entire, or some or all leaves divided and then with longest ultimate lobes ≥ 60 mm longSome or all leaves divided; longest ultimate leaf lobes < 60 mm longStyles bright orange or bright yellow; base of floral rachises (at lowermost flower scar) stout, usually > 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumStyles red or deep maroon to black, rarely dull orange or pale yellow; base of floral rachises slender, < 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumMost or all leaves with > 10 primary lobesLeaves with < 10 primary lobesFloral bracts 3–5 mm long, subspathulate with a narrowly ovate head 0.5–0.9 mm wide, lacking a median keel and resin-filled duct; leaves drying green or grey-green; conflorescences usually emergent from foliage on canesFloral bracts 6–9 mm long, subspathulate with a broadly ovate head 1.7–4.0 mm wide, with a median keel containing a resin-filled duct; leaves drying yellow-green; conflorescences usually borne close to foliageLeaf margins smoothly revoluteLeaf margins angularly revoluteErect to spreading shrub 1.5–2.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect, borne above foliage; styles usually black or very deep maroon, rarely red or yellow; pistil 18–23 mm longProstrate to low mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; styles pink to red or pale orange; pistil 24–28 mm longAll leaves entire; floral rachis 25–65 mm longSome or all leaves divided, rarely all entire; floral rachis 45–115 mm longLeaf rachis straight to gently upcurved; leaf lobes either not divaricate, or divaricate in or above the plane of the leaf rachis onlyLeaf rachis angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; leaf lobes strongly divaricateLower surface of leaf on either side of midveins exposed, tomentose with curled hairs; style white to cream, sometimes pale pink with age (south-eastern Australia)Lower surface of leaf 2-grooved, with lamina on either side of midveins enclosed or very narrowly exposed; styles red or deep maroon-black or rarely yellow or pink (south-western Australia)Unit conflorescences erect or slightly decurved, dense, strongly secund; styles remaining white to cream after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually weakly pubescentUnit conflorescences usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erect, subcylindrical to weakly secund; styles reddening rapidly after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually appressed-sericeousLeaf margins angularly revolute (angularity best seen in cross-section)Leaf margins smoothly revoluteSome or all leaves with 3–7 short (≤ 20 mm long) rigid linear lobes clustered near leaf apexSome or all leaves with 3–13 pliable lobes (10–130 mm long) not clustered near leaf apexStyles deep maroon to black or occasionally pale red; floral rachis 20–50 mm long; low shrub 0.5–1.5 m tallStyles bright red; floral rachis 45–115 mm long; robust shrub 2–2.5 m tallUpper leaf surface with prominent longitudinal ridges, granuloseUpper leaf surface ±smooth, not ridgedMost or all leaves with secondary division; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; styles red or reddish pinkLeaves with primary division only, rarely a few secondary lobes; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long; styles usually deep maroon or black, rarely red or dull yellowLeaves with ±triangular teeth or lobes crowded at apex, or deeply divided with linear lobes; pistils 18–23 mm longLeaves deeply divided, lobes not crowded at apex; pistils ≥ 23 mm longFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Leaves with primary division onlySome or all leaves with secondary divisionLeaf lobes crowded at apex of leafLeaf lobes not crowded at apex of leafFloral rachis rusty-villous; fruit at maturity with predominantly simple glandular hairsFloral rachis white-villous; fruit at maturity with mainly nonglandular biramous hairsLow mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; conflorescence erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; pistils 24–28 mm longRobust erect to spreading shrub 1.5–3 m tall; conflorescence erect, not borne near ground; pistils 17–25 mm longStyle orange; pistil 17–22 mm long; seed peripterous (arid zone of northern central W.A.)Style red; pistil 22–25 mm long; seed not peripterous (near S coast of W.A.)Lower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein, tomentose with curled hairs; conflorescence decurved to pendulous; styles white to cream, reddening only after anthesis (south-eastern Australia)Lower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins; conflorescence erect or decurved; styles red or black to blackish maroon (south-western Australia)Style black or black-maroon; inner face of seed with a projecting elliptic waxy honeycombed 'ruff'Styles red or deep pink; inner face of seed with a narrow waxy border, not elaborated into a 'ruff'Conflorescence erect; pedicels 1–2 mm long; perianth greenish to fawn-pinkConflorescence decurved to deflexed; pedicels 3–5.5 mm long; perianth redEdge-veins evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-erect glandular hairsEdge-veins not evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with appressed biramous hairs onlyOuter surface of perianth glabrousOuter surface of perianth sparsely to densely hairy, at least on limbLow spreading shrub ≤ 1 m tall; perianth and style orange (W.A.)Spreading to erect shrub 2–2.5 m tall; perianth translucent-cream to purplish mauve to pink; style cream at base, becoming pale pinkish or mauve above, with a green tip (N.S.W.)Style with an indumentum of long fine spreading to ascending hairs (biramous but sometimes appearing simple and basifixed) over at least basal half (sometimes to apex)Style glabrous over most of its length, or with only appressed biramous hairs in basal third, or minute erect simple hairs (lacking long spreading hairs)Pollen-presenter erect, very narrowly conical or cylindrical with a bulbous base; style becoming glabrous in apical 1/2–1/3Pollen-presenter oblique on style, flat to convex; style with spreading indumentum persistent to apexMost or all leaves deeply divided, and with lower surface on either side midveins of leaf and lobes enclosed by the revolute leaf marginsMost leaves either simple and entire or toothed, or if more deeply divided then the lower surface on either side of the midvein(s) exposedDivided leaves with primary division onlySome or all divided leaves with secondary (and sometimes tertiary) divisionLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, with foliage usually entangled; prostrate to low mounded shrubs ≤ 1.5 m tallLeaf lobes usually ±mutually parallel, with foliage not usually entangled; prostrate or low mounded to erect shrubs to 4 (–6) m tallPistil 27–32 mm long; leaf lobes subterete with a marginal groove along each sidePistil 19–28 mm long; leaf lobes smoothly revolute but not subterete, with the 2 marginal grooves clearly situated on the topologically lower surfaceUnit conflorescences 6–17 cm long, usually held flat at ground level around periphery of shrub; pistil 24–28 mm long; fruit 8–12 mm thick (from side to side); seed 11–15 mm long, hemispherical with a spongy testa (SW of W.A.)Unit conflorescences 2–5 cm long, usually held above ground level; pistil 19–25 mm long; fruit 5–6 mm thick; seed c. 10 mm long, flattened-ellipsoidal; testa not spongy; (south-eastern Australia)Limb of flower bud glabrous, or occasionally with a very few appressed hairs; torus oblique at > 45º; perianth and style orange; low spreading to prostrate shrub (SW of W.A.)Limb of flower bud with a ±dense indumentum; torus oblique at < 45º, or transverse; perianth and style various colours, occasionally orange; prostrate to erect shrubsProstrate to low mounded or weakly erect shrub ≤ 1 m tall; style apex bright green, contrasting with main style colour (south-eastern Australia)Erect shrubs 1–4 (–6) m tall; style apex similar in colour to rest of style or a little paler (SW of W.A.)Style ±glabrous; pistil < 22 mm long; stipe of ovary(1.5–) 2–5 mm longStyle with appressed biramous hairs for c. 4–8 mm above ovary, and with minute simple hairs on the ventral side towards apex; pistil ≥ 22 mm long; stipe of ovary < 2 mm longUltimate leaf lobes usually wavy or curved, pliable not pungent; ovary ±sericeous with all hairs closely appressedUltimate leaf lobes ±straight, ±rigid, pungent; ovary villous with many hairs ascending to spreadingLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with midvein ±evident; leaf margins angularly refracted; pollen-presenter moderately oblique on style; floral rachis usually straightLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with venation obscure; leaf margins smoothly revolute; pollen-presenter very oblique to lateral on style; floral rachis often gently incurvedMost or all leaves simple and entire, (sometimes occasional leaves bifid or trifid); widest leaves < 4.5 mm wideMost leaves divided or toothed, or entire and then ≥ 5 mm wideAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleSome or all conflorescences decurved to deflexedAll conflorescences erectStipe of ovary ≤ 2.5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1–3 cm longStipe of ovary 2.5–5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1.8–4.5 cm longPistil 28–33 mm longPistil < 24 mm longFloral bracts < 2 mm long; pollen-presenter oblique on style; stipe of ovary 1.4–5 mm longFloral bracts > 2 mm long; pollen-presenter erect on style, or almost so; stipe of ovary 0.4–1.6 mm longPistil < 19 mm long and some or all leaves with at least some secondary divisionPistil either ≥ 19 mm long, or < 19 mm long and then the leaves simple and entire or with primary division onlyLeaf lower surface obscured by a dense thick indumentumLeaf lower surface glabrous, or clearly visible through an thin, open to sparse indumentumFloral bracts > 5 mm long; leaves deeply divided; leaf lobes pliableFloral bracts < 3 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; leaf lobes stiff to rigidStipe of ovary > 1.5 mm long; leaves toothed to shallowly lobed, occasionally only the lowermost teeth or lobes 2–3-fidStipe of ovary < 1.5 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply lobed, most or all leaves with two orders of divisionUnit conflorescences dense, mostly erect, strongly secund; floral rachis tomentose to woolly; style-end just below pollen-presenter < 0.4 mm wideUnit conflorescences somewhat loose, most or all decurved to pendulous, weakly secund; floral rachis silky; style-end just below pollen-presenter > 0.5 mm widePeduncle glabrous, thin, wiry; unit conflorescences usually pendent, occasionally decurvedPeduncle hairy over at least part of its length, stout; unit conflorescences pendent to decurved or erectUpper surface of leaf with a close, evenly distributed indumentum of curled to wavy hairsUpper surface of leaf glabrous, or with hairs scattered, irregularly patchy or restricted to the midvein area onlyFloral bracts ≤ c. 1 mm long and shorter than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly 1–2 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 1.5 mm long, as long as or longer than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly ≥ 3 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 5 mm long; peduncle villousFloral bracts < 5 mm long; peduncle shortly tomentose or subsericeous, at least towards apexLeaves shallowly divided; primary sinuses extending less than halfway to midrib; plant rhizomatousLeaves deeply divided, primary sinuses extending more than halfway to midrib; plants not rhizomatousWidest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 7 mm wide; lower surface of leaf glabrous except for scattered hairs mainly along veinsWidest ultimate leaf lobes > 8 mm wide; lower surface of leaf with a sparse but even indumentum of appressed wavy hairsLower surface of leaf glabrous, or with a sparse to dense indumentum of closely appressed hairs, the hairs straight to wavy (not tightly curled)Lower surface of leaf with a sparse to dense indumentum of ascending to spreading hairs, the hairs straight to wavy or tightly curledLower surface of leaf glabrous or nearly so, if hairs present then concentrated on and alongside the main veins; leaves with deep primary division; leaf lobes rigid and pungentLower surface of leaf with a more or less evenly distributed, sparse to dense indumentum; leaves entire or with shallow to deep primary division; leaf lobes (if present) rigid to pliable, pungent or not pungentPistil ≤ 15 mm long; floral bracts 5–10.5 mm longPistil > 15 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm longLimb of perianth (late bud) villous with a beard of straight silky hairs; peduncles robust and straight, usually > 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 1.5–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on sharply incurved stipeLimb of perianth tomentose to subvillous with curled to wavy hairs; peduncles flexible and usually curved to sinuate, < 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 2–4 mm long; fruit ±erect on stipeOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous or loosely so, the hairs ascending to spreading, straight to curled, not mutually aligned along the perianthOuter surface of perianth subsericeous, the hairs appressed, straight, mutually aligned along the perianthPistil < 18 mm long; floral bracts > 5 mm long, conspicuous and persistent to anthesisPistil > 18 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm long, usually inconspicuous, falling early or persistent to anthesisAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleHairs on ovary spreading, multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts (0.9–) 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (occasionally ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts ≤ 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or lobedMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wide; plant prostrateMost leaves < 20 mm wide; plant an erect to spreading shrubPistil ≤ 17 mm longPistil > 17 mm longLeaves bipinnatifid, the primary division more than half-way to the midrib; primary lobes (3–) 5–7, always with some secondary lobingLeaves regularly dentate with 5–25 small marginal teeth (rarely shallowly pinnatifid), usually lacking secondary division (occasionally a secondary tooth)Erect to spreading shrub; pistil 14–15 mm long; stipe of ovary 0.6–1.0 mm long; style lilac-pink with a pale yellow apexProstrate, often mat-forming shrub; pistil 16–19 mm long; stipe of ovary 1.8–2.7 mm long; style deep burgundy red or rarely dull pink or orange to yellow, with a green tipMost or all leaves > 12 cm long, < 20 mm wideMost or all leaves < 12 cm long, and/or > 20 mm wide (width including lobes)Leaves regularly and shallowly dentate, with 5–19 (–25) small teeth of < 3 mm amplitude, spaced ±evenly around margins; floral rachis sericeous or sparsely so; prostrate often mat-forming shrubLeaves dentate or pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with 3–18 teeth or lobes of > 4 mm amplitude, either evenly spaced or mainly in apical half; floral rachis subsericeous (appressed hairs) or tomentose to subvillous (ascending to spreading hairs); prostrate to spreading or weakly erect shrubsLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein visible through an open indumentumLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein concealed by a dense indumentum (10× magnification)Prostrate rhizomatous shrub; pedicels 3–8 mm long; leaves usually 6–14 cm longDecumbent to weakly upright shrubs (sometimes rhizomatous); pedicels 1–3 mm long; leaves 2.5–7 cm longHairs of leaf lower surface straight; leaves shallowly and coarsely toothed or lobed (basal lobes sometimes bifid); anthers poorly developed with sparse pollenHairs of leaf lower surface usually curved to wavy; leaves with deep primary division, most primary lobes again 2–5-fidFloral bracts 2–3 mm long, usually persistent at anthesis; anthers poorly developed, with sparse pollenFloral bracts ≤ 2.5 mm long, usually falling before anthesis; anthers well-developed with abundant pollenFloral bracts ≤ 1 mm long; fruit borne erect on a straight stipe; leaves shallowly to very deeply divided; pollen-presenter oblique at > 45ºFloral bracts 1–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on an incurved stipe; leaves shallowly divided; pollen-presenter oblique at ≤ 45ºMost leaves ≤ 15 mm wideMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wideLower surface of leaves with only scattered ascending to spreading hairs, concentrated on and beside the veins, rest of surface glabrous or nearly soLower surface of leaves with a more or less evenly distributed, dense to sparse indumentumLeaves divided with the ultimate leaf lobes ±narrowly oblong to linear or narrowly obovateLeaves entire, or divided with the ultimate leaf lobes or teeth broadly to narrowly triangular or -ovateLeaves with (11–) 19–36 spreading soft simple straight primary lobes; lower surface appearing densely villous, with a two-layered indumentum, the lower layer of dense-packed appressed pale hairs, underlying a looser upper layer of spreading long straight to wavy hairsLeaves with (2–) 5–13 (–21) spreading to ascending, simple to 5–partite primary lobes; lower surface densely to openly tomentose with wavy to curled hairs, indumentum not two-layeredFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long, usually persistent to anthesis; hairs of leaf lower surface straight to wavy or loosely curledFloral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; hairs of leaf lower surface tightly twisted or curledPistil < 17 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long; leaves usually 5–12 cm long; perianth villous outsideFloral bracts < c. 3 mm long; leaves usually 3–6 cm long; perianth subsericeous to shortly tomentose outsideAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedMost or all leaves < 5 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a usually open indumentum, the ground-tissue visible between the hairs (at 10× magnification); prostrate to sprawling shrub to 1 m tallMost or all leaves < 7 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a dense indumentum, ground-tissue not visible between the hairs; spreading to erect shrubs or small trees 1–8 m tallErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousSome or all leaves > 15 cm longAll leaves < 12 cm longErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousOuter surface of perianth with mixed pale biramous hairs and conspicuous purple simple erect glandular hairs; pistils 29–40 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces slightly discolorous but with similar short indumentum of curled hairs (far north-western Australia)Outer surface of perianth with pale biramous hairs only, lacking purple glandular hairs; pistils 18–26 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces strongly dissimilar (upper surface occasionally with short curled hairs, but clearly differing from lower surface) (south-eastern Australia)Pistils 29–30 mm longPistils 33–40 mm longOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous with ascending to spreading, straight to wavy hairsOuter surface of perianth with appressed straight hairsHairs on ovary multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (rarely ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAnthers poorly developed with sparse pollen; leaves shallowly divided; lower surface of leaves with more or less straight hairs, forming an open to moderately dense indumentumAnthers plump, well-developed, with abundant pollen; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; lower surface of leaves with tightly curled hairs, forming a dense indumentumUnit conflorescences regular-umbelloidUnit conflorescences secund, or regular and ±cylindrical (sometimes shortly so)Ovary papillose or pubescent with simple-erect glandular hairs; prostate shrubsOvary mostly glabrous, with scattered biramous hairs on dorsal side of stipe apex and style base only; decumbent to erect shrubsAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseOvary with non-glandular hairs only; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical (W.A., S of the tropics)Ovary with simple-erect glandular hairs only; unit conflorescences secund (tropical northern Australia)Pistil > 30 mm long; stipe > 8 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Pistil < 30 mm long; stipe ≤ 6 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Limb segment of each tepal with a conspicuous central longitudinal keel or crest; leaf margins recurved to revolute; follicles thin-walled, crustaceous; seeds narrowly winged; leaf lobes 1–7 mm wide, ±linear; bushy shrubs, often < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Limb segment of each tepal smooth or with only a faint central longitudinal keel; leaf margins flat to shortly recurved; follicles thick-walled, bony-textured; seeds very broadly winged; leaf lobes sublinear to elliptic or obovate, 3–60 mm wide; erect slender shrubs or small treesErect shrub or tree to c. 8 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually again divided; ultimate leaf lobes 3–10 mm wide; lobe bases usually not decurrent; flowers red or deep pink, in dry season; leaves finely veined, with most veins similar sizeErect shrub or tree usually < 4 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually entire, 10–40 mm wide; lobe bases decurrent; flowers pink and cream, in wet-season; leaves coarsely veined, with clearly descending orders of vein sizeMost or all leaves divided or toothedAll leaves entireLeaves round or broadly obovate to obcordate, 50–150 mm wideLeaves elliptic or narrowly so to obovate or occasionally sublinear, < 35 mm wideStyle glabrous; conflorescence with 2–6 spreading to recurved or refracted branches; pericarp > 1 mm thickStyle with a sparse indumentum of minute erect hairs; conflorescence simple or if branched then branches ascending, not refracted; pericarp < 1 mm thickFloral rachis ≤ 0.5 cm long; unit conflorescence ≤ 6-flowered; leaf indumentum of spreading hairsFloral rachis 3–5 cm long; unit conflorescence many-flowered; leaf indumentum of appressed hairsLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayStyle cobra-like (dilated in apical 2/3); fruit muricate-echinate, the projections with glandular tipsStyle even, slender, not dilated except at or just below the style-end; fruit smooth or variously ornamented, if muricate-echinate then tips of projections not glandularUnit conflorescences cylindricalUnit conflorescences either secund, or ±regular and then umbelloid, subglobose, or 1–few-flowered cluster (never cylindrical)Flowers either basiscopic (ventral suture of perianth and concave curve of style facing towards base of rachis) or transversely oriented (ventral suture and style curve facing laterally outwards from rachis)Flowers acroscopic (ventral suture of perianth and concave curve of style facing towards apex of rachis)Ovary clearly stipitate; leaf surfaces often ±similar, the hairs of the lower surface inconspicuously minute, or absent; seed winged (tropical N.T.)Ovary ±sessile; leaf surfaces dissimilar, the lower surface conspicuously hairy; seed not winged (temperate south-eastern Australia to central Qld)Perianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary stipitateOvary sessile or subsessileLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsPistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Pistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longOvary stipe 0.5–1.0 mm long; pistil 6.5–9 mm long, scarcely projecting beyond perianth after release of style-end; leaves broadly obovate-rhombate, > 30 mm wideOvary stipe 1.5–5 mm long; pistil 8–24 mm long (if < 12 mm then leaves narrowly ±elliptic, ≤ 15 mm wide); pistil markedly projecting beyond perianth after release of style-endStyle (including apical 2–3 mm and back of style-end) completely glabrous and smoothStyle with small biramous and/or minute simple erect hairs and/or papillae, sometimes confined to apical 1–3 mm and back of style-endLeaves completely glabrous or with a few scattered minute appressed hairs only (denser along midvein)Leaves with a moderately dense to open (rarely very sparse), evenly distributed indumentum of minute appressed hairsLeaves oblong in general outline or rarely narrowly elliptic, with teeth or lobes (if present) distributed ±evenly around margins; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest lobe < 4 cmLeaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, with teeth or lobes (if present) mostly in distal half of leaf; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest lobe usually > 4 cmPistil ≤ 14 mm longPistil ≥ 15 mm longLower surface of leaves completely glabrous or with a sparse sprinkling of minute coppery hairs; leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, < 2 cm wide, entire or with 1–3 triangular teeth or lobes; unit conflorescence 1–2 cm long; stylar hairs or papillae confined to apical 5 mmLower surface of leaves with a dense but inconspicuous indumentum of minute coppery to translucent hairs; most or all leaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, ≥ 3 cm wide, with 2–8 shallow teeth or lobes; unit conflorescence ≥ 2.5 cm long; stylar hairs or papillae usually over most of length of styleLeaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, mostly > 40 mm wide, teeth or lobes (if present) mostly in distal half; lower surface inconspicuously hairy; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest tooth or lobe usually > 4 cmLeaves oblong to elliptic in general outline, most or all < 40 mm wide, with teeth or lobes ±evenly distributed around margins; lower surface glabrous or inconspicuously hairy; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest tooth or lobe ≤ 4 cmLower surface of leaves usually with an open, evenly distributed inconspicuous indumentum of minute hairs (lens feature); unit conflorescence dense; flowers light green in bud, becoming creamy yellowLower surface of leaves completely glabrous or with minute hairs very thinly scattered (sometimes denser along midvein only); unit conflorescence loose; flowers green in bud, becoming cream or cream yellow, or coppery brown to red in bud becoming orange-red to bright yellowLeaves with (3–) 5–11 teeth or lobes; inner surface of perianth glabrous and mealy or papillose, or with a sparse to dense beard of white hairs; tepals everting after anthesis and inner surface conspicuously displayed; floral rachis 2–4 cm long; unit conflorescence weakly acropetal (hence ovoid to subcylindrical or weakly conical); flowers green in bud, becoming white to cream or very pale yellowLeaves with (7–) 9–27 teeth or lobes; inner surface of perianth with a dense beard of white hairs, but tepals not everting after anthesis, so beard not conspicuously displayed; floral rachis 4–16 cm long; unit conflorescence strongly acropetal (hence markedly conical); flowers reddish in bud, becoming orange-red to bright yellowFlowers oriented transversely on rachis, unit conflorescences dense; pistils 10–22 mm longFlowers basiscopic (ventral suture of perianth and concave curve of style facing towards base of rachis); unit conflorescences ±loose; pistils (20–) 25–55 mm longOvary densely villous; floral rachis villous to lanate; pedicels 2–6 mm long; ovary stipe densely hairy (at least on dorsal side), sometimes stipe obscureOvary sparsely to loosely hairy; floral rachis ±subsericeous; pedicels 1–2 mm long; ovary stipe glabrous, short but evidentUnit conflorescences subglobose-umbelloidUnit conflorescences cylindricalStyle villous over all its length, at least on dorsal side; perianth glabrous inside; seeds ±hemisphericalStyle glabrous or with hairs restricted to lower third; perianth hairy or glabrous inside; seeds strongly compressedStyle glabrous or with hairs extending only c. 2 mm above ovary; floral bracts 4–7 (–9–) mm long; most or all leaves simpleStyle villous in basal third; floral bracts < 2.5 mm long; most or all leaves dividedStyle with appressed hairs in lower half only, or glabrous throughout; simple leaves and lobes of divided leaves < 3 mm wide, with revolute marginsStyle with ±spreading hairs over most of its length; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves 6–30 mm wide, with margins flat or shortly recurvedAll unit conflorescences 1–3-floweredMost or all unit conflorescences ≥ 4-floweredPerianth limb glabrous outside; adult leaves deeply pinnatipartite (almost pinnatisect) with short regular lobesPerianth limb hairy outside; adult leaves entire or with few teethLeaves deeply and divaricately dividedLeaves (when divided) with lobes not divaricateOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousPistil 20–27 mm long; floral rachis 15–70 mm long; style usually sparsely villous near base, or glabrous; pedicels 9–11 (–14) mm longPistil 30–36 mm long; floral rachis 4–16 (–30) mm long; style with at least some hairs persisting to near apex; pedicels 12–26 mm longSimple leaves, or lobes of divided leaves, linearLeaves or leaf lobes not linearLeaves ≤ 12 cm long, all divided; longest leaf lobes < 8 cm long; style loosely villous for more than half its lengthLeaves usually > 12 cm long, all divided or some or all simple and entire; longest ultimate lobes (or simple leaves) usually > 8 cm long; style subsericeous in basal few millimetres, glabrous aboveLower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually enclosed by revolute margins; outer surface of perianth with reddish biramous hairs only (N.S.W.)Lower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually narrowly but clearly exposed; outer surface of perianth usually with both pale biramous and simple erect glandular hairs (Qld)Upper surface of leaves glabrousUpper surface of leaves pubescent with mainly short, erect, simple, glandular hairsLeaves nearly sessile, star-like with palmate division; conflorescences mostly 4–6-floweredLeaves clearly petiolate, dentate to pinnatifid division; conflorescences mostly ≥ 8-floweredOvary indumentum open to sparse, ground tissue visible between hairs, or ovary with a short basal or apical tuft of hairs onlyOvary densely hairy, ground tissue not visible between hairsFloral rachises < 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect, regular and umbelloid or a loose short cluster; leaves entire and linear to subterete or narrowly elliptic, or deeply divided with linear to subterete lobesFloral rachises 10–160 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurved, not umbelloid; leaves deeply divided with linear lobes, or shallowly toothed or lobed, or entireStipe of ovary slender, much narrower than ovary (south-western Australia)Stipe of ovary stout, almost as thick as ovary (south-eastern Australia)Perianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary stipitateOvary sessile or subsessileLeaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longStyle with minute hairs or papillae, sometimes in apical 1–3 mm onlyStyle completely glabrousLeaf upper surface smoothLeaf upper surface scabrousAll leaves simple and entire, usually ±strongly curved; stipe of follicle ±straight (follicle erect)At least some leaves usually divided or toothed, ±straight, rigid; stipe of follicle strongly incurvedLeaves subpectinate, with 7–30 lobes; prostrate shrubLeaves with 2–5 lobes or entire; ±erect shrubAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseUnit conflorescences erect and long-secund; floral rachises 100–160 mm long; pistils 40–52 mm long; leaves deeply divided with many linear lobesUnit conflorescences decurved, secund or conico-cylindrical or ovoid; floral rachises 10–100 mm long; pistils 5–20 mm long; leaves shallowly toothed or lobed, or rarely entirePistil > 30 mm long; stipe > 8 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Pistil < 30 mm long; stipe ≤ 6 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Limb segment of each tepal with a conspicuous central longitudinal keel or crest; leaf margins recurved to revolute; follicles thin-walled, crustaceous; seeds narrowly winged; leaf lobes 1–7 mm wide, ±linear; bushy shrubs, often < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Limb segment of each tepal smooth or with only a faint central longitudinal keel; leaf margins flat to shortly recurved; follicles thick-walled, bony-textured; seeds very broadly winged; leaf lobes sublinear to elliptic or obovate, 3–60 mm wide; erect slender shrubs or small treesErect shrub or tree to c. 8 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually again divided; ultimate leaf lobes 3–10 mm wide; lobe bases usually not decurrent; flowers red or deep pink, in dry season; leaves finely veined, with most veins similar sizeErect shrub or tree usually < 4 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually entire, 10–40 mm wide; lobe bases decurrent; flowers pink and cream, in wet-season; leaves coarsely veined, with clearly descending orders of vein sizeAll leaves entireMost or all leaves divided or toothedLeaves round or broadly obovate to obcordate, 50–150 mm wideLeaves elliptic or narrowly so to obovate or occasionally sublinear, < 35 mm wideStyle glabrous; conflorescence with 2–6 spreading to recurved or refracted branches; pericarp > 1 mm thickStyle with a sparse indumentum of minute erect hairs; conflorescence simple or if branched then branches ascending, not refracted; pericarp < 1 mm thickFloral rachis ≤ 0.5 cm long; unit conflorescence ≤ 6-flowered; leaf indumentum of spreading hairsFloral rachis 3–5 cm long; unit conflorescence many-flowered; leaf indumentum of appressed hairsPistils 5–10 mm long, scarcely projecting beyond perianth after release of style-endPistils 13–20 mm long, projecting markedly beyond perianth after release of style-endOvary glandular-pubescent; perianth limb glabrous outside; perianth yellow-green, becoming lemon to cream, sometimes with mauve tingesOvary glabrous; perianth limb hairy outside or rarely glabrous; perianth red, orange or yellow outsideMost leaves oblong, always spino-dentate with 9–25 spreading teeth spaced evenly around margins; blades of mature leaves usually at least twice as long as wide; leaf venation much more prominent on lower surfaceMost leaves broadly ovate, -obovate, -elliptic, or -rhombate, occasionally -oblong, most or all leaves with 3–7 teeth or shallow lobes mostly in apical half of leaf or rarely entire; leaf blades usually only slightly longer than wide, occasionally almost twice as long; leaf venation similar on both surfacesPerianth limb either glabrous or with a sparse to dense, appressed indumentum of short sericeous biramous hairs, sometimes mixed with erect, glandular hairsPerianth limb with indumentum of short simple erect glandular hairs, with or without some ±appressed biramous hairsPedicels 6–10 mm long; perianth with simple erect hairs only on outer surface; pollen-presenter 2–2.5 mm wide; nectary long-U-shaped, relatively obscure; flowers orangePedicels 2–6 (–9) mm long; perianth with simple erect hairs only or mixed biramous and simple-erect hairs outside; pollen-presenter < 2 mm wide; nectary cup-like; flowers red, sometimes orange or yellow or pinkStyle (including apical 2–3 mm and back of style-end) completely glabrous and smoothStyle with small biramous and/or minute simple erect hairs and/or papillae, sometimes confined to apical 1–3 mm and back of style-endLeaves completely glabrous or with a few scattered minute appressed hairs only (denser along midvein)Leaves with a moderately dense to open (rarely very sparse), evenly distributed indumentum of minute appressed hairsLeaves oblong in general outline or rarely narrowly elliptic, with teeth or lobes (if present) distributed ±evenly around margins; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest lobe < 4 cmLeaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, with teeth or lobes (if present) mostly in distal half of leaf; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest lobe usually > 4 cmPistil ≤ 14 mm longPistil ≥ 15 mm longLower surface of leaves completely glabrous or with a sparse sprinkling of minute coppery hairs; leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, < 2 cm wide, entire or with 1–3 triangular teeth or lobes; unit conflorescence 1–2 cm long; stylar hairs or papillae confined to apical 5 mmLower surface of leaves with a dense but inconspicuous indumentum of minute coppery to translucent hairs; most or all leaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, ≥ 3 cm wide, with 2–8 shallow teeth or lobes; unit conflorescence ≥ 2.5 cm long; stylar hairs or papillae usually over most of length of styleLeaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, mostly > 40 mm wide, teeth or lobes (if present) mostly in distal half; lower surface inconspicuously hairy; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest tooth or lobe usually > 4 cmLeaves oblong to elliptic in general outline, most or all < 40 mm wide, with teeth or lobes ±evenly distributed around margins; lower surface glabrous or inconspicuously hairy; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest tooth or lobe ≤ 4 cmLower surface of leaves usually with an open, evenly distributed inconspicuous indumentum of minute hairs (lens feature); unit conflorescence dense; flowers light green in bud, becoming creamy yellowLower surface of leaves completely glabrous or with minute hairs very thinly scattered (sometimes denser along midvein only); unit conflorescence loose; flowers green in bud, becoming cream or cream yellow, or coppery brown to red in bud becoming orange-red to bright yellowLeaves with (3–) 5–11 teeth or lobes; inner surface of perianth glabrous and mealy or papillose, or with a sparse to dense beard of white hairs; tepals everting after anthesis and inner surface conspicuously displayed; floral rachis 2–4 cm long; unit conflorescence weakly acropetal (hence ovoid to subcylindrical or weakly conical); flowers green in bud, becoming white to cream or very pale yellowLeaves with (7–) 9–27 teeth or lobes; inner surface of perianth with a dense beard of white hairs, but tepals not everting after anthesis, so beard not conspicuously displayed; floral rachis 4–16 cm long; unit conflorescence strongly acropetal (hence markedly conical); flowers reddish in bud, becoming orange-red to bright yellowStipe of ovary (including portion adnate to inner wall of torus) 5–11 mm long; torus lateral on pedicel or almost soStipe of ovary < 5 mm long, free from toral wall, or ovary sessile; torus transverse on pedicel or oblique at not more than 45ºUnit conflorescences secund, usually > 20-floweredUnit conflorescences cylindrical to shortly so, or a loose cluster; usually < 20-floweredUnit conflorescences weakly basipetal to subsynchronous; conflorescences simple (very rarely branched); prostrate or low multistemmed shrubsUnit conflorescences strongly basipetal; conflorescences usually paniculately few-branched, sometimes simple; robust single-stemmed shrubs or small trees 1–6 m tallOvary villous (hairs ascending); style usually glabrous in apical third; conflorescences on long peduncles usually on or near ground, and usually exceeding foliage; prostrate shrub with trailing stemsOvary subsericeous (hairs ±appressed); style with at least a few hairs persisting in apical third; conflorescences usually borne clear of ground, usually not exceeding foliage; low shrub with several erect stems,usually < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Longest ultimate floral rachises usually < 1.5 cm long; style hairs rusty brown; unit conflorescences usually 6–10-flowered; nectary linguiform, conspicuousLongest ultimate floral rachises 5–9 cm long; style hairs whitish; unit conflorescences often > 10-flowered; nectary arcuate, inconspicuousAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedLeaves shallowly toothed, or more deeply divided but then with lobes mutually aligned on either side of the straight to upcurved leaf rachis (not divaricate), and/or pistils ≤ 15 mm longLeaves deeply divided, with lobes strongly spreading to divaricate, the rachis decurved or deflexed at nodes, and pistils 18–38 mm longOvary sessile; outer surface of perianth with hairsOvary shortly but clearly stipitate; outer surface of perianth glabrous or with hairsAll unit conflorescences 1–3-floweredMost or all unit conflorescences ≥ 4-floweredPerianth limb glabrous outside; adult leaves deeply pinnatipartite (almost pinnatisect) with short regular lobesPerianth limb hairy outside; adult leaves entire or with few teethLeaves deeply and divaricately dividedLeaves (when divided) with lobes not divaricateOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousPistil 20–27 mm long; floral rachis 15–70 mm long; style usually sparsely villous near base, or glabrous; pedicels 9–11 (–14) mm longPistil 30–36 mm long; floral rachis 4–16 (–30) mm long; style with at least some hairs persisting to near apex; pedicels 12–26 mm longSimple leaves, or lobes of divided leaves, linearLeaves or leaf lobes not linearLeaves ≤ 12 cm long, all divided; longest leaf lobes < 8 cm long; style loosely villous for more than half its lengthLeaves usually > 12 cm long, all divided or some or all simple and entire; longest ultimate lobes (or simple leaves) usually > 8 cm long; style subsericeous in basal few millimetres, glabrous aboveLower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually enclosed by revolute margins; outer surface of perianth with reddish biramous hairs only (N.S.W.)Lower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually narrowly but clearly exposed; outer surface of perianth usually with both pale biramous and simple erect glandular hairs (Qld)Upper surface of leaves glabrousUpper surface of leaves pubescent with mainly short, erect, simple, glandular hairsLeaves nearly sessile, star-like with palmate division; conflorescences mostly 4–6-floweredLeaves clearly petiolate, dentate to pinnatifid division; conflorescences mostly ≥ 8-floweredPistil < 8 mm longPistil > 9 mm longStyle hairy with hairs for at least 1/2 (and usually 2/3) of its length; unit conflorescences usually > 2.5 cm longStyle glabrous over most of its length; unit conflorescences usually < 2 cm longLimb of bud with a white indumentum; unit conflorescences weakly acropetal, ±cylindrical; flowers not crowded; pistil ≤ 5 mm long; pedicels < 2 mm longLimb of bud with a brown indumentum; unit conflorescences strongly acropetal, ovoid; flowers crowded; pistil 6–7.5 mm long; pedicels > 3 mm longOvary sessile or subsessile (stipe < c. 0.5 mm long)Ovary clearly stipitate (sometimes shortly so), with stipe > 0.5 mm longUnit conflorescences regular, cylindrical or conicalUnit conflorescences secund, loosely hemispherical or a loose cluster (not cylindrical or conico-cylindrical)Leaf lobes rigid, ±divaricate, pungent, longest ultimate lobes < 15 mm long; all leaves divided; conflorescence usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erectLeaf lobes pliable, not divaricate, not pungent, longest ultimate lobes ≥ 50 mm long; usually all leaves divided, sometimes some or all entire; conflorescence erectPistil < 30 mm longPistil ≥ 30 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical with flowers opening ±synchronously or sometimes those on one side first; flowers white to cream (Qld)Unit conflorescences with flower opening strongly acropetal, conical, with young buds at apex when first mature buds open at base; flowers orange or bright yellow (shrubs widespread in semi-arid zone)Pedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile); leaf lobes broadly linear to narrowly obovate, 4–12 mm widePedicels 3–6 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate); leaf lobes linear, 1.5–3 mm widePedicels 1.5–4 mm long; pistils 14–22 mm long; flowers acroscopicPedicels 8–20 mm long; pistils 18–27 mm long; flowers basiscopicPedicels 0.1–0.5 mm long (flowers nearly sessile)Pedicels 3–10 mm long (flowers clearly pedicellate)Widest leaf lobes 5–15 mm wide; perianth and style usually red, or white to cream (rarely the colours mixed)Widest leaf lobes < 3 mm wide; perianth and style white to creamFloral rachis (60–) 80–200 mm long; pistil 43–46 mm longFloral rachis 20–80 mm long; pistil 26–35 mm longLeaves ovate, 18–70 mm wide, with 7–25 shallow teeth; torus reversely oblique; pistil 9–11 mm longLeaves variously shaped, entire or divided but either not ovate or not with teeth (or if doubtfully so then pistil 29–40 mm long); torus transverse to oblique; pistil 11–60 mm longPistil > 50 mm long; prostrate shrub; styles bright yellow to yellow or orange (N.T.)Pistil ≤ 40 mm long; erect to prostrate shrubs; styles red, pink, blackish, white, or yellow to orangeLeaves oblong to elliptic or rhomboid in general outline; widest leaves 20–35 mm wide, with (3–) 9–17 shallow triangular teeth or lobes; leaf margins very shortly recurved; pistil 29–30 mm long; outer surface of perianth with both gingery biramous hairs and simple erect purplish glandular hairsLeaves entire, or if divided then either the division deep and the ultimate lobes linear to oblong, or leaves with secondary division, or leaves ≤ 10 mm wide; leaf margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute (lower leaf surface mostly concealed); pistil 11–40 mm long; outer surface of perianth either with biramous hairs only or if simple erect glandular hairs present then leaf lobes ±linearPistil ≥ 30 mm longPistil < 30 mm longLeaves with deep primary division, the 6–18 primary lobes then with shallow ±triangular teeth 3–30 mm long and 5–10 mm wideLeaves entire or with primary division only, or if secondary division present then this also deep and ultimate lobes ±linear or subtereteLeaves 10–45 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis ascending, ±mutually aligned, not divaricate; ultimate lobes 15–25 cm long, 1–10 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or gently upcurved; floral rachis 80–220 mm longLeaves 1–9.5 cm long, primary lobes on either side of rachis either ascending and mutually aligned or widely spreading and the lobing divaricate (secondary division often present); all leaf segments ≤ 1.5 mm wide; leaf rachis straight or angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; floral rachis 15–80 mm longLeaf lobes not divaricate or only weakly so, pliable, not or scarcely pungent; styles deep maroon-black to reddishLeaf lobes divaricate, ±rigid, pungent; styles redFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Distance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes ≤ 5 mm; pedicels 7–15 mm longDistance between leaf attachment to stem and lowest leaf lobes > 5 mm; pedicels 3–7 (–10) mm longLeaf upper surface with at least the midveins evident; pedicels 5.5–10 mm long; perianth ventrally markedly saccate, c. 3.5–5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-glandular hairsLeaf upper surface with all venation obscure; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; perianth ventrally convex but not saccate, c. 2.5 mm wide; outer perianth surface with biramous hairs onlyEither all leaves entire, or some or all leaves divided and then with longest ultimate lobes ≥ 60 mm longSome or all leaves divided; longest ultimate leaf lobes < 60 mm longStyles bright orange or bright yellow; base of floral rachises (at lowermost flower scar) stout, usually > 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumStyles red or deep maroon to black, rarely dull orange or pale yellow; base of floral rachises slender, < 2 mm thick beneath the indumentumMost or all leaves with > 10 primary lobesLeaves with < 10 primary lobesFloral bracts 3–5 mm long, subspathulate with a narrowly ovate head 0.5–0.9 mm wide, lacking a median keel and resin-filled duct; leaves drying green or grey-green; conflorescences usually emergent from foliage on canesFloral bracts 6–9 mm long, subspathulate with a broadly ovate head 1.7–4.0 mm wide, with a median keel containing a resin-filled duct; leaves drying yellow-green; conflorescences usually borne close to foliageLeaf margins smoothly revoluteLeaf margins angularly revoluteErect to spreading shrub 1.5–2.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect, borne above foliage; styles usually black or very deep maroon, rarely red or yellow; pistil 18–23 mm longProstrate to low mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; unit conflorescences erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; styles pink to red or pale orange; pistil 24–28 mm longAll leaves entire; floral rachis 25–65 mm longSome or all leaves divided, rarely all entire; floral rachis 45–115 mm longLeaf rachis straight to gently upcurved; leaf lobes either not divaricate, or divaricate in or above the plane of the leaf rachis onlyLeaf rachis angularly deflexed at some or all nodes; leaf lobes strongly divaricateLower surface of leaf on either side of midveins exposed, tomentose with curled hairs; style white to cream, sometimes pale pink with age (south-eastern Australia)Lower surface of leaf 2-grooved, with lamina on either side of midveins enclosed or very narrowly exposed; styles red or deep maroon-black or rarely yellow or pink (south-western Australia)Unit conflorescences erect or slightly decurved, dense, strongly secund; styles remaining white to cream after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually weakly pubescentUnit conflorescences usually decurved to pendulous, occasionally weakly erect, subcylindrical to weakly secund; styles reddening rapidly after anthesis; floral rachis and branchlets usually appressed-sericeousLeaf margins angularly revolute (angularity best seen in cross-section)Leaf margins smoothly revoluteSome or all leaves with 3–7 short (≤ 20 mm long) rigid linear lobes clustered near leaf apexSome or all leaves with 3–13 pliable lobes (10–130 mm long) not clustered near leaf apexStyles deep maroon to black or occasionally pale red; floral rachis 20–50 mm long; low shrub 0.5–1.5 m tallStyles bright red; floral rachis 45–115 mm long; robust shrub 2–2.5 m tallUpper leaf surface with prominent longitudinal ridges, granuloseUpper leaf surface ±smooth, not ridgedMost or all leaves with secondary division; pedicels 3–4.5 mm long; styles red or reddish pinkLeaves with primary division only, rarely a few secondary lobes; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long; styles usually deep maroon or black, rarely red or dull yellowLeaves with ±triangular teeth or lobes crowded at apex, or deeply divided with linear lobes; pistils 18–23 mm longLeaves deeply divided, lobes not crowded at apex; pistils ≥ 23 mm longFloral rachis 50–70 mm long; leaf lobes 1.0–1.5 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by short erect glandular hairs (biramous hairs mostly caducous)Floral rachis 20–50 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.8 mm wide; mature follicles with indumentum dominated by biramous nonglandular hairs (simple erect glandular hairs present but scattered)Leaves with primary division onlySome or all leaves with secondary divisionLeaf lobes crowded at apex of leafLeaf lobes not crowded at apex of leafFloral rachis rusty-villous; fruit at maturity with predominantly simple glandular hairsFloral rachis white-villous; fruit at maturity with mainly nonglandular biramous hairsLow mounded shrub 0.2–0.5 m tall; conflorescence erect to decurved, often lax on or near ground; pistils 24–28 mm longRobust erect to spreading shrub 1.5–3 m tall; conflorescence erect, not borne near ground; pistils 17–25 mm longStyle orange; pistil 17–22 mm long; seed peripterous (arid zone of northern central W.A.)Style red; pistil 22–25 mm long; seed not peripterous (near S coast of W.A.)Lower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein, tomentose with curled hairs; conflorescence decurved to pendulous; styles white to cream, reddening only after anthesis (south-eastern Australia)Lower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins; conflorescence erect or decurved; styles red or black to blackish maroon (south-western Australia)Style black or black-maroon; inner face of seed with a projecting elliptic waxy honeycombed 'ruff'Styles red or deep pink; inner face of seed with a narrow waxy border, not elaborated into a 'ruff'Conflorescence erect; pedicels 1–2 mm long; perianth greenish to fawn-pinkConflorescence decurved to deflexed; pedicels 3–5.5 mm long; perianth redEdge-veins evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with both biramous and simple-erect glandular hairsEdge-veins not evident on upper leaf surface; outer perianth surface with appressed biramous hairs onlyOuter surface of perianth glabrousOuter surface of perianth sparsely to densely hairy, at least on limbLow spreading shrub ≤ 1 m tall; perianth and style orange (W.A.)Spreading to erect shrub 2–2.5 m tall; perianth translucent-cream to purplish mauve to pink; style cream at base, becoming pale pinkish or mauve above, with a green tip (N.S.W.)Style with an indumentum of long fine spreading to ascending hairs (biramous but sometimes appearing simple and basifixed) over at least basal half (sometimes to apex)Style glabrous over most of its length, or with only appressed biramous hairs in basal third, or minute erect simple hairs (lacking long spreading hairs)Pollen-presenter erect, very narrowly conical or cylindrical with a bulbous base; style becoming glabrous in apical 1/2–1/3Pollen-presenter oblique on style, flat to convex; style with spreading indumentum persistent to apexMost or all leaves deeply divided, and with lower surface on either side midveins of leaf and lobes enclosed by the revolute leaf marginsMost leaves either simple and entire or toothed, or if more deeply divided then the lower surface on either side of the midvein(s) exposedDivided leaves with primary division onlySome or all divided leaves with secondary (and sometimes tertiary) divisionLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, with foliage usually entangled; prostrate to low mounded shrubs ≤ 1.5 m tallLeaf lobes usually ±mutually parallel, with foliage not usually entangled; prostrate or low mounded to erect shrubs to 4 (–6) m tallPistil 27–32 mm long; leaf lobes subterete with a marginal groove along each sidePistil 19–28 mm long; leaf lobes smoothly revolute but not subterete, with the 2 marginal grooves clearly situated on the topologically lower surfaceUnit conflorescences 6–17 cm long, usually held flat at ground level around periphery of shrub; pistil 24–28 mm long; fruit 8–12 mm thick (from side to side); seed 11–15 mm long, hemispherical with a spongy testa (SW of W.A.)Unit conflorescences 2–5 cm long, usually held above ground level; pistil 19–25 mm long; fruit 5–6 mm thick; seed c. 10 mm long, flattened-ellipsoidal; testa not spongy; (south-eastern Australia)Limb of flower bud glabrous, or occasionally with a very few appressed hairs; torus oblique at > 45º; perianth and style orange; low spreading to prostrate shrub (SW of W.A.)Limb of flower bud with a ±dense indumentum; torus oblique at < 45º, or transverse; perianth and style various colours, occasionally orange; prostrate to erect shrubsProstrate to low mounded or weakly erect shrub ≤ 1 m tall; style apex bright green, contrasting with main style colour (south-eastern Australia)Erect shrubs 1–4 (–6) m tall; style apex similar in colour to rest of style or a little paler (SW of W.A.)Style ±glabrous; pistil < 22 mm long; stipe of ovary(1.5–) 2–5 mm longStyle with appressed biramous hairs for c. 4–8 mm above ovary, and with minute simple hairs on the ventral side towards apex; pistil ≥ 22 mm long; stipe of ovary < 2 mm longUltimate leaf lobes usually wavy or curved, pliable not pungent; ovary ±sericeous with all hairs closely appressedUltimate leaf lobes ±straight, ±rigid, pungent; ovary villous with many hairs ascending to spreadingLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with midvein ±evident; leaf margins angularly refracted; pollen-presenter moderately oblique on style; floral rachis usually straightLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 2 cm long; upper surface of lobes with venation obscure; leaf margins smoothly revolute; pollen-presenter very oblique to lateral on style; floral rachis often gently incurvedMost or all leaves simple and entire, (sometimes occasional leaves bifid or trifid); widest leaves < 4.5 mm wideMost leaves divided or toothed, or entire and then ≥ 5 mm wideAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleSome or all conflorescences decurved to deflexedAll conflorescences erectStipe of ovary ≤ 2.5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1–3 cm longStipe of ovary 2.5–5 mm long; unit conflorescences 1.8–4.5 cm longPistil 28–33 mm longPistil < 24 mm longFloral bracts < 2 mm long; pollen-presenter oblique on style; stipe of ovary 1.4–5 mm longFloral bracts > 2 mm long; pollen-presenter erect on style, or almost so; stipe of ovary 0.4–1.6 mm longPistil either ≥ 19 mm long, or < 19 mm long and then the leaves simple and entire or with primary division onlyPistil < 19 mm long and some or all leaves with at least some secondary divisionLeaf lower surface obscured by a dense thick indumentumLeaf lower surface glabrous, or clearly visible through an thin, open to sparse indumentumFloral bracts > 5 mm long; leaves deeply divided; leaf lobes pliableFloral bracts < 3 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; leaf lobes stiff to rigidStipe of ovary > 1.5 mm long; leaves toothed to shallowly lobed, occasionally only the lowermost teeth or lobes 2–3-fidStipe of ovary < 1.5 mm long; leaves shallowly to deeply lobed, most or all leaves with two orders of divisionUnit conflorescences dense, mostly erect, strongly secund; floral rachis tomentose to woolly; style-end just below pollen-presenter < 0.4 mm wideUnit conflorescences somewhat loose, most or all decurved to pendulous, weakly secund; floral rachis silky; style-end just below pollen-presenter > 0.5 mm widePeduncle glabrous, thin, wiry; unit conflorescences usually pendent, occasionally decurvedPeduncle hairy over at least part of its length, stout; unit conflorescences pendent to decurved or erectUpper surface of leaf with a close, evenly distributed indumentum of curled to wavy hairsUpper surface of leaf glabrous, or with hairs scattered, irregularly patchy or restricted to the midvein area onlyFloral bracts ≤ c. 1 mm long and shorter than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly 1–2 mm wideFloral bracts ≥ 1.5 mm long, as long as or longer than the pedicels; ultimate leaf lobes mostly ≥ 3 mm wideFloral bracts < 5 mm long; peduncle shortly tomentose or subsericeous, at least towards apexFloral bracts ≥ 5 mm long; peduncle villousLeaves shallowly divided; primary sinuses extending less than halfway to midrib; plant rhizomatousLeaves deeply divided, primary sinuses extending more than halfway to midrib; plants not rhizomatousWidest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 7 mm wide; lower surface of leaf glabrous except for scattered hairs mainly along veinsWidest ultimate leaf lobes > 8 mm wide; lower surface of leaf with a sparse but even indumentum of appressed wavy hairsLower surface of leaf glabrous, or with a sparse to dense indumentum of closely appressed hairs, the hairs straight to wavy (not tightly curled)Lower surface of leaf with a sparse to dense indumentum of ascending to spreading hairs, the hairs straight to wavy or tightly curledLower surface of leaf glabrous or nearly so, if hairs present then concentrated on and alongside the main veins; leaves with deep primary division; leaf lobes rigid and pungentLower surface of leaf with a more or less evenly distributed, sparse to dense indumentum; leaves entire or with shallow to deep primary division; leaf lobes (if present) rigid to pliable, pungent or not pungentPistil ≤ 15 mm long; floral bracts 5–10.5 mm longPistil > 15 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm longLimb of perianth (late bud) villous with a beard of straight silky hairs; peduncles robust and straight, usually > 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 1.5–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on sharply incurved stipeLimb of perianth tomentose to subvillous with curled to wavy hairs; peduncles flexible and usually curved to sinuate, < 1 mm thick; stipe of ovary 2–4 mm long; fruit ±erect on stipeOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous or loosely so, the hairs ascending to spreading, straight to curled, not mutually aligned along the perianthOuter surface of perianth subsericeous, the hairs appressed, straight, mutually aligned along the perianthPistil < 18 mm long; floral bracts > 5 mm long, conspicuous and persistent to anthesisPistil > 18 mm long; floral bracts < 5 mm long, usually inconspicuous, falling early or persistent to anthesisAnthers vestigial or absent; style-end scarcely wider than style (Vic.)Anthers present, plump; style-end distinctly wider than styleHairs on ovary spreading, multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts (0.9–) 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (occasionally ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts ≤ 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or lobedMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wide; plant prostrateMost leaves < 20 mm wide; plant an erect to spreading shrubPistil ≤ 17 mm longPistil > 17 mm longLeaves bipinnatifid, the primary division more than half-way to the midrib; primary lobes (3–) 5–7, always with some secondary lobingLeaves regularly dentate with 5–25 small marginal teeth (rarely shallowly pinnatifid), usually lacking secondary division (occasionally a secondary tooth)Erect to spreading shrub; pistil 14–15 mm long; stipe of ovary 0.6–1.0 mm long; style lilac-pink with a pale yellow apexProstrate, often mat-forming shrub; pistil 16–19 mm long; stipe of ovary 1.8–2.7 mm long; style deep burgundy red or rarely dull pink or orange to yellow, with a green tipMost or all leaves > 12 cm long, < 20 mm wideMost or all leaves < 12 cm long, and/or > 20 mm wide (width including lobes)Leaves regularly and shallowly dentate, with 5–19 (–25) small teeth of < 3 mm amplitude, spaced ±evenly around margins; floral rachis sericeous or sparsely so; prostrate often mat-forming shrubLeaves dentate or pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with 3–18 teeth or lobes of > 4 mm amplitude, either evenly spaced or mainly in apical half; floral rachis subsericeous (appressed hairs) or tomentose to subvillous (ascending to spreading hairs); prostrate to spreading or weakly erect shrubsLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein visible through an open indumentumLower surface of leaf with the ground-tissue on either side of the midvein concealed by a dense indumentum (10× magnification)Prostrate rhizomatous shrub; pedicels 3–8 mm long; leaves usually 6–14 cm longDecumbent to weakly upright shrubs (sometimes rhizomatous); pedicels 1–3 mm long; leaves 2.5–7 cm longHairs of leaf lower surface straight; leaves shallowly and coarsely toothed or lobed (basal lobes sometimes bifid); anthers poorly developed with sparse pollenHairs of leaf lower surface usually curved to wavy; leaves with deep primary division, most primary lobes again 2–5-fidFloral bracts 2–3 mm long, usually persistent at anthesis; anthers poorly developed, with sparse pollenFloral bracts ≤ 2.5 mm long, usually falling before anthesis; anthers well-developed with abundant pollenFloral bracts ≤ 1 mm long; fruit borne erect on a straight stipe; leaves shallowly to very deeply divided; pollen-presenter oblique at > 45ºFloral bracts 1–2.5 mm long; fruit borne on an incurved stipe; leaves shallowly divided; pollen-presenter oblique at ≤ 45ºMost leaves ≤ 15 mm wideMost leaves ≥ 25 mm wideLower surface of leaves with only scattered ascending to spreading hairs, concentrated on and beside the veins, rest of surface glabrous or nearly soLower surface of leaves with a more or less evenly distributed, dense to sparse indumentumLeaves divided with the ultimate leaf lobes ±narrowly oblong to linear or narrowly obovateLeaves entire, or divided with the ultimate leaf lobes or teeth broadly to narrowly triangular or -ovateLeaves with (11–) 19–36 spreading soft simple straight primary lobes; lower surface appearing densely villous, with a two-layered indumentum, the lower layer of dense-packed appressed pale hairs, underlying a looser upper layer of spreading long straight to wavy hairsLeaves with (2–) 5–13 (–21) spreading to ascending, simple to 5–partite primary lobes; lower surface densely to openly tomentose with wavy to curled hairs, indumentum not two-layeredFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long, usually persistent to anthesis; hairs of leaf lower surface straight to wavy or loosely curledFloral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; hairs of leaf lower surface tightly twisted or curledPistil < 17 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longFloral bracts 5–8 (–10.5) mm long; leaves usually 5–12 cm long; perianth villous outsideFloral bracts < c. 3 mm long; leaves usually 3–6 cm long; perianth subsericeous to shortly tomentose outsideAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedMost or all leaves < 5 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a usually open indumentum, the ground-tissue visible between the hairs (at 10× magnification); prostrate to sprawling shrub to 1 m tallMost or all leaves < 7 cm long; lower surface of leaf with a dense indumentum, ground-tissue not visible between the hairs; spreading to erect shrubs or small trees 1–8 m tallErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousSome or all leaves > 15 cm longAll leaves < 12 cm longErect shrub or tree to 8 m tall; floral bracts oblong-ovate to angularly ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, falling when buds are 4–5 mm long; stipe and ovary subsericeousSpreading to erect shrub 1–4 m tall; floral bracts depressed-ovate to subtriangular, 0.8–2.3 mm long, persistent at least to anthesis; stipe and ovary tomentose to subvillousOuter surface of perianth with mixed pale biramous hairs and conspicuous purple simple erect glandular hairs; pistils 29–40 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces slightly discolorous but with similar short indumentum of curled hairs (far north-western Australia)Outer surface of perianth with pale biramous hairs only, lacking purple glandular hairs; pistils 18–26 mm long; upper and lower leaf surfaces strongly dissimilar (upper surface occasionally with short curled hairs, but clearly differing from lower surface) (south-eastern Australia)Pistils 29–30 mm longPistils 33–40 mm longOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous with ascending to spreading, straight to wavy hairsOuter surface of perianth with appressed straight hairsHairs on ovary multi-directional, lacking regular alignment; floral bracts 1.5–4 mm long, usually persistent at or near anthesis; style-end abruptly contracted into style with dorsal side of style-end concaveHairs on ovary appressed (rarely ascending), regularly aligned; floral bracts < 1 mm long, falling in bud stage; style-end tapering smoothly into style with dorsal side of style-end convexAnthers poorly developed with sparse pollen; leaves shallowly divided; lower surface of leaves with more or less straight hairs, forming an open to moderately dense indumentumAnthers plump, well-developed, with abundant pollen; leaves shallowly to deeply divided; lower surface of leaves with tightly curled hairs, forming a dense indumentumLeaves with shallow ±triangular teeth, or more deeply divided but then with the ultimate lobes (linear or not) < 15 mm longLeaves deeply divided with linear lobes; most or all ultimate lobes > 20 mm longLeaves usually all toothed or divided, rarely a few entire; teeth or lobes 3–19 per leaf; unit conflorescences usually loose irregular or semi-secund clusters, 2–many-flowered, or flower solitary; flowers red or deep to pale pinkLeaves usually mixed entire and toothed or divided; teeth or lobes 2 or 3 per leaf; unit conflorescences regular, umbelloid (style arching in towards rachis apex), 10–26-flowered; flowers whiteAll unit conflorescences 1–3-floweredMost or all unit conflorescences ≥ 4-floweredPerianth limb glabrous outside; adult leaves deeply pinnatipartite (almost pinnatisect) with short regular lobesPerianth limb hairy outside; adult leaves entire or with few teethLeaves deeply and divaricately dividedLeaves (when divided) with lobes not divaricateOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousPistil 20–27 mm long; floral rachis 15–70 mm long; style usually sparsely villous near base, or glabrous; pedicels 9–11 (–14) mm longPistil 30–36 mm long; floral rachis 4–16 (–30) mm long; style with at least some hairs persisting to near apex; pedicels 12–26 mm longSimple leaves, or lobes of divided leaves, linearLeaves or leaf lobes not linearLeaves ≤ 12 cm long, all divided; longest leaf lobes < 8 cm long; style loosely villous for more than half its lengthLeaves usually > 12 cm long, all divided or some or all simple and entire; longest ultimate lobes (or simple leaves) usually > 8 cm long; style subsericeous in basal few millimetres, glabrous aboveLower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually enclosed by revolute margins; outer surface of perianth with reddish biramous hairs only (N.S.W.)Lower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually narrowly but clearly exposed; outer surface of perianth usually with both pale biramous and simple erect glandular hairs (Qld)Upper surface of leaves glabrousUpper surface of leaves pubescent with mainly short, erect, simple, glandular hairsLeaves nearly sessile, star-like with palmate division; conflorescences mostly 4–6-floweredLeaves clearly petiolate, dentate to pinnatifid division; conflorescences mostly ≥ 8-floweredLeaf upper surface smoothLeaf upper surface scabrousAll leaves simple and entire, usually ±strongly curved; stipe of follicle ±straight (follicle erect)At least some leaves usually divided or toothed, ±straight, rigid; stipe of follicle strongly incurvedPistils 25–52 mm long; perianth and style predominantly red, red-orange or pink; conflorescence a loose cluster, sometimes shortly subcylindrical (eastern Pistils 13–22 mm long; perianth whitish, style light green; conflorescence dense, subglobose (eastern All unit conflorescences 1–3-floweredMost or all unit conflorescences ≥ 4-floweredPerianth limb glabrous outside; adult leaves deeply pinnatipartite (almost pinnatisect) with short regular lobesPerianth limb hairy outside; adult leaves entire or with few teethLeaves deeply and divaricately dividedLeaves (when divided) with lobes not divaricateOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousPistil 20–27 mm long; floral rachis 15–70 mm long; style usually sparsely villous near base, or glabrous; pedicels 9–11 (–14) mm longPistil 30–36 mm long; floral rachis 4–16 (–30) mm long; style with at least some hairs persisting to near apex; pedicels 12–26 mm longSimple leaves, or lobes of divided leaves, linearLeaves or leaf lobes not linearLeaves ≤ 12 cm long, all divided; longest leaf lobes < 8 cm long; style loosely villous for more than half its lengthLeaves usually > 12 cm long, all divided or some or all simple and entire; longest ultimate lobes (or simple leaves) usually > 8 cm long; style subsericeous in basal few millimetres, glabrous aboveLower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually enclosed by revolute margins; outer surface of perianth with reddish biramous hairs only (N.S.W.)Lower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually narrowly but clearly exposed; outer surface of perianth usually with both pale biramous and simple erect glandular hairs (Qld)Upper surface of leaves glabrousUpper surface of leaves pubescent with mainly short, erect, simple, glandular hairsLeaves nearly sessile, star-like with palmate division; conflorescences mostly 4–6-floweredLeaves clearly petiolate, dentate to pinnatifid division; conflorescences mostly ≥ 8-floweredUnit conflorescences subglobose-umbelloidUnit conflorescences cylindricalStyle villous over all its length, at least on dorsal side; perianth glabrous inside; seeds ±hemisphericalStyle glabrous or with hairs restricted to lower third; perianth hairy or glabrous inside; seeds strongly compressedStyle glabrous or with hairs extending only c. 2 mm above ovary; floral bracts 4–7 (–9–) mm long; most or all leaves simpleStyle villous in basal third; floral bracts < 2.5 mm long; most or all leaves dividedEither outer surface of perianth glabrous except for a white villous beard on limb, or pistils > 30 mm long and the conflorescences terminalOuter surface of perianth either sparsely to densely hairy throughout, or entirely glabrous; pistils 5–38 mm long, if > 30 mm long then conflorescences axillary or caulineAll unit conflorescences 1–3-floweredMost or all unit conflorescences ≥ 4-floweredPerianth limb glabrous outside; adult leaves deeply pinnatipartite (almost pinnatisect) with short regular lobesPerianth limb hairy outside; adult leaves entire or with few teethLeaves deeply and divaricately dividedLeaves (when divided) with lobes not divaricateOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousPistil 20–27 mm long; floral rachis 15–70 mm long; style usually sparsely villous near base, or glabrous; pedicels 9–11 (–14) mm longPistil 30–36 mm long; floral rachis 4–16 (–30) mm long; style with at least some hairs persisting to near apex; pedicels 12–26 mm longSimple leaves, or lobes of divided leaves, linearLeaves or leaf lobes not linearLeaves ≤ 12 cm long, all divided; longest leaf lobes < 8 cm long; style loosely villous for more than half its lengthLeaves usually > 12 cm long, all divided or some or all simple and entire; longest ultimate lobes (or simple leaves) usually > 8 cm long; style subsericeous in basal few millimetres, glabrous aboveLower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually enclosed by revolute margins; outer surface of perianth with reddish biramous hairs only (N.S.W.)Lower surface of leaves or leaf lobes with lamina on either side of midvein usually narrowly but clearly exposed; outer surface of perianth usually with both pale biramous and simple erect glandular hairs (Qld)Upper surface of leaves glabrousUpper surface of leaves pubescent with mainly short, erect, simple, glandular hairsLeaves nearly sessile, star-like with palmate division; conflorescences mostly 4–6-floweredLeaves clearly petiolate, dentate to pinnatifid division; conflorescences mostly ≥ 8-floweredStyle-end lacking a dorsal appendageStyle-end with an incurled to erect or retrorse dorsal appendage; appendage 1–4 mm longStyle-end projecting well beyond the perianth after release of style-end; flowers predominantly white, grey, or fawn-pinkStyle-end scarcely projecting beyond the perianth after release of style-end; flowers predominantly bright redPerianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Perianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary sessile or subsessileOvary stipitateLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longStyle-end with an apical-dorsal appendage or apiculationStyle-end lacking an apical-dorsal appendageStyle-end appendage incurled towards or over pollen-presenter (SW of W.A.)Style-end appendage retrorse to erect or antrorsely directed, but not curled in over pollen-presenterStylar appendage dorsally papillose at apex; upper leaf surface granular-scabrid; base of pollen-presenter projecting from line of style; style strongly incurvedStylar appendage papillose at base, glabrous in upper half; upper leaf surface usually smooth; base of pollen-presenter concurrent with style; style ±straightLeaves linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic (rarely slightly narrowly oblanceolate); lower leaf surface with a loose villous indumentum, all hairs long and strongly ascending to wavy-erect; pollen-presenter narrowly elliptic, 1–1.6 mm wide; stylar appendage antrorsely directed to erect (very rarely slightly retrorse); pistil 10–13 mm longLeaves ovate or slightly obovate or narrowly oblong to elliptic; lower leaf surface with a loosely appressed to weakly ascending indumentum of short often matted hairs, with occasional longer hairs weakly emergent; pollen-presenter round to broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.3 mm wide; style-end appendage retrorsely directed to erect (rarely slightly antrorse); pistil 11–21 mm longStigma a prominent conical to narrowly conical beak, 0.3–0.4 mm long, protruding from face of pollen-presenter; style-end subclavate to subglobose, lacking the long white dorsal hairs of the style and bright red, orange or yellowStigma a slight boss ≤ 0.2 mm high, on face of pollen-presenter, rarely more prominent; style-end subdiscoid to flat-ellipsoidal, with white stylar hairs on dorsal side carried right to the apexDorsal surface of style-end glabrous, smoothDorsal surface of style-end densely papilloseDistal edge of pollen-presenter level with or slightly exceeding apex of papillose style-end, not overtopped by it; dorsal tepals lacking an auricular lobe on posterior edge just below limb-cup; leaves usually in short fasciculate clustersDistal edge of pollen-presenter narrowly but distinctly overtopped by a slight apical extension of papillose style-end; dorsal tepals with small auricular lobes on posterior edge just below limb-cup; leaves mostly well-spaced, rarely a few in tight clustersLongest floral bracts < 2 mm long; pistils 5–13 mm long (south-western Australia)Longest floral bracts ≥ 2 mm long; pistils 9–21 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Leaf upper surface smooth; flowers adaxially oriented (styles arching in towards axis of rachis)Leaf upper surface granular-scabrid; flowers abaxially oriented (styles arching out, away from axis of rachis)Flowers adaxially acroscopic, the styles curved in towards the rachis axis; leaves 1–2 mm wide, with most or all of lower surface enclosedFlowers abaxially oriented to basiscopic, the styles curved outwards from the rachis axis; leaves 1.5–8.5 mm wide, with most or all of lower surface exposedBranchlets and lower leaf surfaces subsericeous (hairs appressed)Branchlets tomentose to villous (hairs ascending to spreading); lower leaf surfaces loosely subsericeous to tomentose or villousLeaves linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic (rarely slightly narrowly oblanceolate); lower leaf surface with a loose villous indumentum, all hairs long and strongly ascending to wavy-erect; pollen-presenter narrowly elliptic, 1–1.6 mm wide; stylar appendage, when evident, antrorsely directed to erect (very rarely slightly retrorse); pistil 10–13 mm longLeaves ovate or slightly obovate or narrowly oblong to elliptic; lower leaf surface with a loosely appressed to weakly ascending indumentum of short often matted hairs, with occasional longer hairs weakly emergent; pollen-presenter round to broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.3 mm wide; style-end appendage, if present, retrorsely directed to erect (rarely slightly antrorse); pistil 11–21 mm longUnit conflorescences dense to loose, or occasionally 1- or 2-flowered, regular or not, not umbelloid; pistils 4–38 mm longUnit conflorescences dense, regular, umbelloid (style curved in towards apex of rachis); pistils 6–13 mm longStyle glabrous or papillose or very sparsely to loosely hairy, with ground tissue clearly visible between hairsStyle densely hairy throughout, at least on dorsal side, the hairs ±obscuring the ground tissueStyle-end with an apical-dorsal appendage or apiculationStyle-end lacking an apical-dorsal appendageStyle-end appendage incurled towards or over pollen-presenter (SW of W.A.)Style-end appendage retrorse to erect or antrorsely directed, but not curled in over pollen-presenterStylar appendage dorsally papillose at apex; upper leaf surface granular-scabrid; base of pollen-presenter projecting from line of style; style strongly incurvedStylar appendage papillose at base, glabrous in upper half; upper leaf surface usually smooth; base of pollen-presenter concurrent with style; style ±straightLeaves linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic (rarely slightly narrowly oblanceolate); lower leaf surface with a loose villous indumentum, all hairs long and strongly ascending to wavy-erect; pollen-presenter narrowly elliptic, 1–1.6 mm wide; stylar appendage antrorsely directed to erect (very rarely slightly retrorse); pistil 10–13 mm longLeaves ovate or slightly obovate or narrowly oblong to elliptic; lower leaf surface with a loosely appressed to weakly ascending indumentum of short often matted hairs, with occasional longer hairs weakly emergent; pollen-presenter round to broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.3 mm wide; style-end appendage retrorsely directed to erect (rarely slightly antrorse); pistil 11–21 mm longStigma a slight boss ≤ 0.2 mm high, on face of pollen-presenter, rarely more prominent; style-end subdiscoid to flat-ellipsoidal, with white stylar hairs on dorsal side carried right to the apexStigma a prominent conical to narrowly conical beak, 0.3–0.4 mm long, protruding from face of pollen-presenter; style-end subclavate to subglobose, lacking the long white dorsal hairs of the style and bright red, orange or yellowDorsal surface of style-end glabrous, smoothDorsal surface of style-end densely papilloseDistal edge of pollen-presenter level with or slightly exceeding apex of papillose style-end, not overtopped by it; dorsal tepals lacking an auricular lobe on posterior edge just below limb-cup; leaves usually in short fasciculate clustersDistal edge of pollen-presenter narrowly but distinctly overtopped by a slight apical extension of papillose style-end; dorsal tepals with small auricular lobes on posterior edge just below limb-cup; leaves mostly well-spaced, rarely a few in tight clustersLongest floral bracts < 2 mm long; pistils 5–13 mm long (south-western Australia)Longest floral bracts ≥ 2 mm long; pistils 9–21 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Leaf upper surface smooth; flowers adaxially oriented (styles arching in towards axis of rachis)Leaf upper surface granular-scabrid; flowers abaxially oriented (styles arching out, away from axis of rachis)Flowers adaxially acroscopic, the styles curved in towards the rachis axis; leaves 1–2 mm wide, with most or all of lower surface enclosedFlowers abaxially oriented to basiscopic, the styles curved outwards from the rachis axis; leaves 1.5–8.5 mm wide, with most or all of lower surface exposedBranchlets and lower leaf surfaces subsericeous (hairs appressed)Branchlets tomentose to villous (hairs ascending to spreading); lower leaf surfaces loosely subsericeous to tomentose or villousLeaves linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic (rarely slightly narrowly oblanceolate); lower leaf surface with a loose villous indumentum, all hairs long and strongly ascending to wavy-erect; pollen-presenter narrowly elliptic, 1–1.6 mm wide; stylar appendage, when evident, antrorsely directed to erect (very rarely slightly retrorse); pistil 10–13 mm longLeaves ovate or slightly obovate or narrowly oblong to elliptic; lower leaf surface with a loosely appressed to weakly ascending indumentum of short often matted hairs, with occasional longer hairs weakly emergent; pollen-presenter round to broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.3 mm wide; style-end appendage, if present, retrorsely directed to erect (rarely slightly antrorse); pistil 11–21 mm longLeaf upper surface smoothLeaf upper surface scabrousAll leaves simple and entire, usually ±strongly curved; stipe of follicle ±straight (follicle erect)At least some leaves usually divided or toothed, ±straight, rigid; stipe of follicle strongly incurvedTepals remaining coherent (except along dorsal suture) after release of style-end and everting over most of their length to form a small platform ventral to the style, the white hairs of the inner surface of the tepals conspicuously displayed; styles densely hairy; pistils 6–13 mm longTepals after release of style-end either separating and independently recoiled, or remaining loosely connate and ventral to the style but not everting (except sometimes at apex), and not displaying the hairs of the inner surface; style densely to sparsely hairy or rarely glabrous; pistils 4–38 mm longStyle-end with an apical-dorsal appendage or apiculationStyle-end lacking an apical-dorsal appendageStyle-end appendage incurled towards or over pollen-presenter (SW of W.A.)Style-end appendage retrorse to erect or antrorsely directed, but not curled in over pollen-presenterStylar appendage dorsally papillose at apex; upper leaf surface granular-scabrid; base of pollen-presenter projecting from line of style; style strongly incurvedStylar appendage papillose at base, glabrous in upper half; upper leaf surface usually smooth; base of pollen-presenter concurrent with style; style ±straightLeaves linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic (rarely slightly narrowly oblanceolate); lower leaf surface with a loose villous indumentum, all hairs long and strongly ascending to wavy-erect; pollen-presenter narrowly elliptic, 1–1.6 mm wide; stylar appendage antrorsely directed to erect (very rarely slightly retrorse); pistil 10–13 mm longLeaves ovate or slightly obovate or narrowly oblong to elliptic; lower leaf surface with a loosely appressed to weakly ascending indumentum of short often matted hairs, with occasional longer hairs weakly emergent; pollen-presenter round to broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.3 mm wide; style-end appendage retrorsely directed to erect (rarely slightly antrorse); pistil 11–21 mm longStigma a prominent conical to narrowly conical beak, 0.3–0.4 mm long, protruding from face of pollen-presenter; style-end subclavate to subglobose, lacking the long white dorsal hairs of the style and bright red, orange or yellowStigma a slight boss ≤ 0.2 mm high, on face of pollen-presenter, rarely more prominent; style-end subdiscoid to flat-ellipsoidal, with white stylar hairs on dorsal side carried right to the apexDorsal surface of style-end glabrous, smoothDorsal surface of style-end densely papilloseDistal edge of pollen-presenter level with or slightly exceeding apex of papillose style-end, not overtopped by it; dorsal tepals lacking an auricular lobe on posterior edge just below limb-cup; leaves usually in short fasciculate clustersDistal edge of pollen-presenter narrowly but distinctly overtopped by a slight apical extension of papillose style-end; dorsal tepals with small auricular lobes on posterior edge just below limb-cup; leaves mostly well-spaced, rarely a few in tight clustersLongest floral bracts < 2 mm long; pistils 5–13 mm long (south-western Australia)Longest floral bracts ≥ 2 mm long; pistils 9–21 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Leaf upper surface smooth; flowers adaxially oriented (styles arching in towards axis of rachis)Leaf upper surface granular-scabrid; flowers abaxially oriented (styles arching out, away from axis of rachis)Flowers adaxially acroscopic, the styles curved in towards the rachis axis; leaves 1–2 mm wide, with most or all of lower surface enclosedFlowers abaxially oriented to basiscopic, the styles curved outwards from the rachis axis; leaves 1.5–8.5 mm wide, with most or all of lower surface exposedBranchlets and lower leaf surfaces subsericeous (hairs appressed)Branchlets tomentose to villous (hairs ascending to spreading); lower leaf surfaces loosely subsericeous to tomentose or villousLeaves linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic (rarely slightly narrowly oblanceolate); lower leaf surface with a loose villous indumentum, all hairs long and strongly ascending to wavy-erect; pollen-presenter narrowly elliptic, 1–1.6 mm wide; stylar appendage, when evident, antrorsely directed to erect (very rarely slightly retrorse); pistil 10–13 mm longLeaves ovate or slightly obovate or narrowly oblong to elliptic; lower leaf surface with a loosely appressed to weakly ascending indumentum of short often matted hairs, with occasional longer hairs weakly emergent; pollen-presenter round to broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.3 mm wide; style-end appendage, if present, retrorsely directed to erect (rarely slightly antrorse); pistil 11–21 mm longPerianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary sessile or subsessileOvary stipitateLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Perianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longStipe of ovary ≥ 7 mm long, including portion adnate to inner wall of toral cavity; torus sometimes very oblique, to almost lateral (co-linear) on the pedicelStipe of ovary ≤ 6 mm long, usually free from toral wall (occasionally adnate but then usually < 4 mm long); torus transverse to moderately oblique (≥ 45º) on pedicel, or rarely reversely obliqueLeaves entire and > 5 mm wideLeaves divided, or entire and then < 5 mm wideConflorescences usually paniculately branched; unit conflorescences cylindrical, many-flowered; floral rachises > 20 mm longConflorescences usually simple, or basally 2-branched; unit conflorescences short loose clusters or single-flowered; floral rachises < 10 mm longLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayMost leaves ≥ 10 cm long; pistil ≥ 27 mm long; perianth glabrous outside; erect shrub 1.5–5 m tallMost leaves ≤ 3 cm long; pistil < 25 mm long; perianth glabrous or minutely and sparsely hairy outside; sprawling to spreading shrub 0.2–1.5 m tallFloral rachis < 10 mm long; conflorescences short clusters, often axillary or cauline (shrubs of southern semi-arid Australia)Floral rachis > 40 mm long; conflorescences elongate, conico-cylindrical or secund, terminal (shrubs or small trees of tropical monsoon Australia)Most leaves pinnatipartite with at least 5 primary lobes; floral bracts usually absent at anthesisMost leaves entire, rarely 2- or 3-partite; floral bracts usually persistent at anthesisPistil > 30 mm long; stipe > 8 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Pistil < 30 mm long; stipe ≤ 6 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Limb segment of each tepal with a conspicuous central longitudinal keel or crest; leaf margins recurved to revolute; follicles thin-walled, crustaceous; seeds narrowly winged; leaf lobes 1–7 mm wide, ±linear; bushy shrubs, often < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Limb segment of each tepal smooth or with only a faint central longitudinal keel; leaf margins flat to shortly recurved; follicles thick-walled, bony-textured; seeds very broadly winged; leaf lobes sublinear to elliptic or obovate, 3–60 mm wide; erect slender shrubs or small treesErect shrub or tree to c. 8 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually again divided; ultimate leaf lobes 3–10 mm wide; lobe bases usually not decurrent; flowers red or deep pink, in dry season; leaves finely veined, with most veins similar sizeErect shrub or tree usually < 4 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually entire, 10–40 mm wide; lobe bases decurrent; flowers pink and cream, in wet-season; leaves coarsely veined, with clearly descending orders of vein sizeAll leaves entireMost or all leaves divided or toothedLeaves round or broadly obovate to obcordate, 50–150 mm wideLeaves elliptic or narrowly so to obovate or occasionally sublinear, < 35 mm wideStyle glabrous; conflorescence with 2–6 spreading to recurved or refracted branches; pericarp > 1 mm thickStyle with a sparse indumentum of minute erect hairs; conflorescence simple or if branched then branches ascending, not refracted; pericarp < 1 mm thickFloral rachis ≤ 0.5 cm long; unit conflorescence ≤ 6-flowered; leaf indumentum of spreading hairsFloral rachis 3–5 cm long; unit conflorescence many-flowered; leaf indumentum of appressed hairsPistil not strongly reflexed at ovary (lower part of style ±co-linear with stipe), or if reflexed then pistils < 8 mm longPistil strongly reflexed at ovary (style reclinate at 60–90º to line of stipe), and pistil > 15 mm longFloral rachis < 10 mm long; conflorescences simple or basally branched short clusters, often axillary or cauline (shrubs of southern semi-arid Australia)Floral rachis > 30 mm long; conflorescences paniculately several-branched, terminal (shrubs or small trees of tropical monsoon Australia)Most leaves pinnatipartite with at least 5 primary lobes; floral bracts usually absent at anthesisMost leaves entire, rarely 2- or 3-partite; floral bracts usually persistent at anthesisLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Perianth outer surface glabrousLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayPistil 9–12 mm long and style cobra-like (dilated in apical 2/3) and sharply inflexed above ovary; pollen-presenter lateral on style; flowers basiscopic; leaves with triangular teeth or lobes (prostrate pink-flowered shrub, south-western W.A.)Pistil 5–40 mm long; style slender except at very tip, not inflexed immediately above ovary (but sometimes reflexed); pollen-presenter erect or oblique or lateral on style; flowers acroscopic or basiscopic or irregularly oriented; leaves entire or variously divided (prostrate to erect shrubs or trees)Conflorescences simple or several branched, erect, and with the ultimate floral rachises > 30 mm longConflorescences branched or unbranched, either erect with ultimate floral rachises < 30 mm long or decurved to pendulousInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with few to many hairsUnit conflorescences distinctly secund and pistils 15–30 mm long (northern and eastern Australia)Unit conflorescences either regular (cylindrical or obovoid-cylindrical) or, if secund then pistils < 10 mm longLeaves with the teeth or lobes rigid, pungent; pistil 15–18 mm long; shrub to 2 m tallLeaves with the lobes pliable, not pungent; pistil 20–30 mm long; tree 8–40 m tallPistil > 30 mm long; stipe > 8 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Pistil < 30 mm long; stipe ≤ 6 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Limb segment of each tepal with a conspicuous central longitudinal keel or crest; leaf margins recurved to revolute; follicles thin-walled, crustaceous; seeds narrowly winged; leaf lobes 1–7 mm wide, ±linear; bushy shrubs, often < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Limb segment of each tepal smooth or with only a faint central longitudinal keel; leaf margins flat to shortly recurved; follicles thick-walled, bony-textured; seeds very broadly winged; leaf lobes sublinear to elliptic or obovate, 3–60 mm wide; erect slender shrubs or small treesErect shrub or tree to c. 8 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually again divided; ultimate leaf lobes 3–10 mm wide; lobe bases usually not decurrent; flowers red or deep pink, in dry season; leaves finely veined, with most veins similar sizeErect shrub or tree usually < 4 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually entire, 10–40 mm wide; lobe bases decurrent; flowers pink and cream, in wet-season; leaves coarsely veined, with clearly descending orders of vein sizeAll leaves entireMost or all leaves divided or toothedLeaves round or broadly obovate to obcordate, 50–150 mm wideLeaves elliptic or narrowly so to obovate or occasionally sublinear, < 35 mm wideStyle glabrous; conflorescence with 2–6 spreading to recurved or refracted branches; pericarp > 1 mm thickStyle with a sparse indumentum of minute erect hairs; conflorescence simple or if branched then branches ascending, not refracted; pericarp < 1 mm thickFloral rachis ≤ 0.5 cm long; unit conflorescence ≤ 6-flowered; leaf indumentum of spreading hairsFloral rachis 3–5 cm long; unit conflorescence many-flowered; leaf indumentum of appressed hairsLeaves deeply and divaricately divided, with ±rigid, linear or subterete lobes < 2 mm wideLeaves entire, or shallowly to deeply divided, the teeth or lobes either not linear to subterete or not divaricate, usually pliableUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalLeaves toothed or shallowly to deeply divided, if deeply divided then either the ultimate lobes not linear or subterete and > 3 mm wide, or the lobes linear but then < 20 mm longLeaves either entire or deeply divided and then with the ultimate lobes linear or subterete and > 20 mm long and < 3 mm wideAll leaves entireSome or all leaves dividedLeaves 3–75 mm wide, strap-like, elliptical, falcate, obovate, spathulate, or subrotundLeaves < 3 mm wide, linear or subtereteLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayLeaves with 2 continuous longitudinal grooves only, on lower surfaceLeaves either lacking continuous longitudinal grooves, or with 7–17 such groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayOuter surface of perianth glabrous; most conflorescences simple, occasionally basally few-branched, the branches strongly ascending; unit conflorescences strongly acropetal, usually appearing conicalOuter surface of perianth usually with few to many hairs, rarely glabrous; most or all conflorescences paniculately 5–20-branched, the branches ±spreading; unit conflorescences subsynchronous or weakly acropetal, usually appearing cylindricalLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayLeaf margin evident, sometimes thickened, flat to recurved or revolute; leaves dorsiventral, upper and lower surfaces distinguishable, lower surface often differing in venation and/or indumentum, sometimes lower surface concealed by the revolute margins except for the midvein and then 2-groovedLeaf margin not evident, leaves unifacial, leaves or segments subterete or laterally flattened, the upper and lower surfaces indistinguishable, lacking an obvious lower surface and lacking continuous longitudinal grooves (semi-arid zone and monsoon tropics)Leaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayLeaf lower surface with the lamina on either side of the midvein at least partly exposedLeaf lower surface 2-grooved, the lamina on either side of the midvein enclosed by the revolute marginPistils > 10 mm longPistils < 8 mm longUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalOuter surface of perianth glabrous; most conflorescences simple, occasionally basally few-branched, the branches strongly ascending; unit conflorescences strongly acropetal, usually appearing conicalOuter surface of perianth usually with few to many hairs, rarely glabrous; most or all conflorescences paniculately 5–20-branched, the branches ±spreading; unit conflorescences subsynchronous or weakly acropetal, usually appearing cylindricalUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayConflorescences borne on long erect leafless scapes to 1.5 m long; foliage all at ground level; leaves undulate with 5–15 broad obtuse nonpungent lobes; pollen-presenter lateral on a deflexed style-end; unit conflorescences markedly basipetal (south-western W.A.)Conflorescences borne on short peduncles, close to or within the foliage; foliage not confined to ground level; leaves flat to divaricately lobed but not undulate, with few to many pungent or nonpungent lobes; pollen-presenter erect to oblique; style-end not deflexed; unit conflorescences acropetal, subsynchronous or basipetalEither pistils > 10 mm long, or ultimate leaf lobes ≥ 50 mm long (tall erect shrubs or small tree of tropical Australia)Pistils < 10 mm long; ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 30 mm long (shrubs of south-western W.A.)Leaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalPistils < 25 mm longPistils ≥ 25 mm longUnit conflorescences strongly secund; lower surface of leaf exposed on either side of midvein, glabrousUnit conflorescences either regular and ±cylindrical, or ±secund but then with the lower surface of leaf fully enclosed by the revolute margins on either side of midvein, 2-groovedLeaves divided, with rachis angularly deflexed at nodes, and lobes spreading and divaricateLeaves entire, or deeply divided with the leaf rachis ±straight and the lobes mutually aligned, not divaricatePistils ≥ 35 mm longPistils 25–34 mm longLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 4 tepalsPerianth with 3 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayLeaves entire, 8–30 cm long; leaf margins recurved or loosely revolute, with lower surface of lamina exposed on either side of midvein; ovary and fruit smooth (small tree, northern Qld)Leaves entire or divided, 2–15 cm long; leaf margins tightly revolute to midvein of (2-grooved) lower surface of leaf; ovary and fruit with lumps or ridges (shrubs, south-western W.A.)Pistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateUnit conflorescences ±secund; conflorescences simple or 2- or 3-branchedUnit conflorescences cylindrical; conflorescences usually 3–9-branchedPistils 13–24 mm longPistils ≤ 12 mm longLeaves divaricately lobed, with leaf rachis either flexuose or deflexed at one or more nodesLeaves entire, or toothed or lobed but the lobes not divaricate; leaf rachis neither flexuose nor deflexed at nodesUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalUnit conflorescences regular and cylindrical to conico-cylindrical, or secund; longest ultimate floral rachises ≥ 10 mm longUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid or ovate; longest ultimate floral rachises < 10 mm longUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalUnit conflorescences secund; flowers pale to deep pink; pistils 4–6 mm longUnit conflorescences regular; flowers white to cream or yellow or very rarely pale pink; pistils 4–12 mm longLongest leaves ≤ 30 mm longLongest leaves > 30 mm longMost or all conflorescences paniculately 5–20-branched; unit conflorescences regular-cylindrical; longest ultimate floral rachises 60–250 mm longConflorescences simple or basally 1–3 (–5)-branched; unit conflorescences regular, cylindrical to conico-cylindrical; longest ultimate floral rachises usually < 60 mm long, rarely to 150 mm longLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayLeaves (and lobes if present) variously shaped but not subterete or linear, the broadest segments ≥ 3 mm wideLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete or linear, ≤ 3 mm wideFlowers oriented transversely on rachis (plane of symmetry of flower perpendicular to line of rachis)Flowers acroscopic (plane of symmetry of flower ±parallel to line of rachis)Pistils 11–12 mm longPistils 4–10 mm longLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalFloral rachises 120–150 mm long; all leaves entire (tropical Australia)Floral rachises 10–60 mm long; some or all leaves with teeth or lobes (south-western Australia)Leaves entire, or divided but then the lobes not pungentLeaves with numerous very pungent linear to subterete lobesLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayPistils becoming strongly reclinate to dorsal side of torus soon after release of style-end, eventually almost perpendicular to pedicelPistils remaining ±erect on pedicel after anthesis (styles sometimes ventrally incurved)Unit conflorescences ±secund, erect to decurved; ultimate floral rachises 10–110 mm long; leaf lobes or teeth spreading, triangular to linear, not all mutually aligned, ±rigidUnit conflorescences regular, cylindrical, erect; ultimate floral rachises 60–250 mm long; leaf lobes ascending, linear, closely aligned, pliableLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesPerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfacePerianth glabrous on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Perianth outer surface glabrousLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayLeaves with shallow to deep triangular teeth or triangular lobes, all more or less in one plane; style sprinkled with inconspicuous erect hairs (tropical Australia)Leaves deeply divided with strongly divaricate linear to subterete lobes; style glabrous (south-western Australia)Either leaf margins tightly revolute, concealing the lamina of the lower leaf surface (lower surface 2-grooved) and sometimes also the midvein (lower surface 1-grooved), or leaf margins obscure and leaves or leaf segments ±tereteLeaf margins flat or undulate or recurved or shortly revolute, exposing at least some of the lamina of the lower leaf surface on either side of midveinStyle with hairs (sometimes very few and/or papilloid and/or confined to the apical 1–3 mm on the back of the pollen-presenter)Style completely glabrousUnit conflorescences erect, regular and umbelloid, with styles arching in towards apex of rachis; rachis ≤ 5 mm longUnit conflorescences not umbelloid, variously strictly secund or a loose (often semi-secund) cluster, or regular cylindrical, or rarely 1–3-flowered; rachises 2–40 mm longStyle with hairs at base only, adjacent to ovaryStyle with minute hairs in apical 1–3 mm, sometimes hairs papilloid and confined to back of pollen-presenter, sometimes over most of styleAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseLeaves linear to terete, and most or all with lower surface of leaf enclosed except for midvein by the revolute margins and 2-grooved, or midvein also enclosed and then 1-groovedLeaves either not linear or terete, or linear but then with lower surface of leaf narrowly exposed between the midvein and the recurved to revolute marginsPistils ≥ 14 mm longPistils < 14 mm longLeaves 40–120 mm long, pliable, not pungent, not clustered on short lateral branchlets; flowers deep purplish pinkLeaves ≤ 45 mm long, usually rigid, pungent, often clustered on short lateral branchlets; flowers red, yellow, orange or rarely pinkBranchlets angular in cross-section; leaves planar, the lower surface 2-grooved with a prominent midveinBranchlets terete; leaves in cross-section planar to angularly deltoid or trigonousLeaf lower surface 1-grooved; pistils < 8 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved; pistils 4.5–13 mm longFollicle with faint to very conspicuous longitudinal ridges (W.A.)Follicle surface colliculose to almost smooth, lacking longitudinal ridges (south-eastern Qld to S.A.)Branchlets subterete; leaves basally deflexed, often slightly twistedBranchlets angular in cross-section; leaves ascending to spreading, not deflexed, not twistedFollicle with several very prominent longitudinal flange-like ridgesFollicle with faint longitudinal ridgesUnit conflorescence secund (sometimes shortly and broadly so, but all styles held within a 180º arc in end view)Unit conflorescence regular, subumbelloid or arrangement obscureUnit conflorescence usually very dense and if terminal then usually > 30-flowered; style with papilloid hairs usually over the apical 1–2 (–6) mm (western Vic.)Unit conflorescence loose to dense, < 26-flowered; style with papilloid hairs confined to apical 1 mm or less (sometimes only on rear of pollen-presenter) (south-eastern Qld, N.S.W., far eastern Vic.)Leaves 5–17 cm long; prostrate to scandent or rarely weakly erect sub-shrub to 0.3 m tall; branches usually scandent or arching, pliableLeaves 1–5 (–7) cm long; erect or low spreading shrubs 0.3–2 m tall; branches ascending, ±rigidPistil 6.5–10.5 mm long; leaves ±rigid, pungent, usually somewhat clustered (often in threes)Pistil 4.5–7.5 mm long; leaves pliable, not pungent, usually not clusteredInner surface of perianth glabrous, or with a few hairs only opposite the ovary (then the hairs on a pulvinus and usually < 0.2 mm long); leaves often gently wavy or incurvedInner surface of perianth with a dense to scanty beard (hairs 0.2–1.0 mm long) at least on the ventral tepals; leaves usually straight, occasionally gently incurvedLeaf margins smoothly revolute; submarginal veins not evidentLeaf margins angularly revolute or refracted about submarginal veinsLeaves ±rigid, pungent, usually widely ascending to spreadingLeaves pliable, not or scarcely pungent, closely ascending to spreadingConflorescences often terminal on short lateral branchlets, often many aggregated in short columns below branch tips; leaves solitary; leaf upper surface with 3–7 prominent longitudinal ridges (S.A.)Conflorescences terminal, if on short lateral branchlets then not heavily aggregated below branch tips; leaves in clusters of 3 or occasionally solitary; leaf upper surface with midvein and 2 edge veins evident, rarely 3-ridged (Vic. Longest leaves usually > 2.5 cm long, > 1.5 mm wide; pistils 6.5–10.5 mm long; inner surface of perianth with a profuse beard; leaf cross-section obliquely elliptic, with margins refracted at least 90º relative to upper surface (N.S.W., north-eastern Vic.)Longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm long and < 1.5 mm wide; pistils 6.5–7 mm long; inner surface of perianth with a scanty beard ±opposite ovary; leaf cross-section usually oblong, with margins refracted ±vertically downwards at 90º to plane of upper surface (eastern Vic.)Inner surface of perianth profusely bearded, the beard usually > 1 mm in extent and the hairs ≥ 0.5 mm long; unit conflorescence sessile or subsessile (peduncle to 1 mm long); very young conflorescences densely clad with rusty-brown hairsInner surface of perianth with a short dense to scanty beard, < 1 mm in extent, the hairs < 0.5 mm long; unit conflorescence sessile or variably pedunculate (if present then peduncles 1–15 (–30) mm long); very young conflorescences with pale, fawn or sometimes a few rusty-brown hairsLeaves very widely ascending to spreading, very straight, 0.7–1.3 (–2) mm wide, longest leaves > 30 (and usually > 40) mm longLeaves closely to widely ascending, straight or wavy or incurved, if the latter then usually either > 1.5 mm wide or < 30 mm longLeaves crowded and ≤ 30 mm longLeaves either well-spaced, or if crowded then longest leaves > 30 mm longMost leaves > 3 cm long, ±straight; shrub 1–2.5 m tall; branches long, pliableMost leaves < 2.5 cm long; often gently incurved; shrub 0.3–1 m tall; branches short, rigidPistil > 23 mm longPistil ≤ 23 mm longApex of flower bud acute (limb subpyramidal)Apex of flower bud obtuse (limb rounded)Longest leaves ≤ 40 mm longLongest leaves ≥ 50 mm longLeaves narrowly obovate to subulate or linear, usually rigid and pungent, 1–6 mm wide; midvein of lower leaf surface densely hairy and diminishing markedly in prominence towards apex, often scarcely or not evident in apical half of leafLeaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate or almost round, usually pliable (occasionally rigid), not pungent, (4–) 7–45 mm wide; midvein of lower leaf surface densely to sparsely hairy or glabrous, but always evident over full length of leafPistils 25–35 mm long; longest floral rachises 5–12 mm long; midvein on lower leaf surface glabrous or nearly soPistils ≤ 26 mm long; longest floral rachises 10–90 mm long; midvein on lower leaf surface densely hairy or rarely sparsely hairy to almost glabrousLeaf lower surface with an open to sparse appressed indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs) or glabrousLeaf lower surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue obscured by hairs) except on midveinFloral rachis 1–8 mm long; conflorescence terminal, axillary or cauline; midvein on leaf lower surface glabrous or almost soFloral rachis 10–90 mm long; conflorescence terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets); midvein on lower leaf surface densely hairy or rarely sparsely hairy to almost glabrousFlowers adaxially acroscopic (ventral sutures facing towards axis of floral rachis); conflorescence terminal or occasionally axillary; pistil 27–36 mm long (N.S.W.)Flowers abaxially acroscopic (ventral sutures facing away from axis of floral rachis); conflorescence axillary or cauline; pistil ≤ 26 mm long (Vic.)Leaf lower surface with an open to sparse appressed indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs) or glabrousLeaf lower surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue obscured by hairs) except on midveinPistil 14–23 mm longPistil < 14 mm longLeaf upper surface finely granulose to coarsely asperousLeaf upper surface smooth (sometimes hairy but not granulose or asperous)Leaves oblong to obovate or narrowly so, or occasionally elliptic 5–10 times as long as wide; pistil 14–17 mm long; lateral veins on lower leaf surface usually not evident (SE of N.S.W.)Leaves ovate to elliptic or broadly so, or slightly obovate, 1.5–4 times as long as wide; pistil ≥ 17 mm long; lateral veins evident on lower leaf surface (Vic.)Leaves with a tangible velvety indumentum on upper surface; conflorescence 2–8-floweredLeaves with upper surface glabrous or hairy but then the hairs usually appressed, rarely ascending, never velvety; conflorescence usually with > 8 flowers, rarely 2–8Pistil to 16 mm long; perianth bichromatic, green in basal half, red abovePistil ≥ 16 mm long; perianth bright red throughoutApex of flower bud acute (limb subpyramidal)Apex of flower bud obtuse (limb subglobose)Most or all conflorescences axillary or caulineMost or all conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)Pistil ≥ 21 mm long (Vic.)Pistil ≤ 18 mm long (Qld)Widest leaves ≤ 6 mm wideWidest leaves > 6 mm wideLeaves usually rigid, pungent, ≤ 35 mm long, often many clustered together on short lateral branchlets; midvein on lower surface of leaf as densely hairy as the adjacent lamina, and declining markedly in prominence in apical half of leaf; branchlets ±tereteLeaves rigid or pliable, usually not pungent, 1–5.5 cm long, solitary or in clusters of 3; midvein on lower surface of leaf glabrous or markedly less hairy than the adjacent lamina, maintaining prominence over full length of leaf; branchlets angular or tereteBranchlets terete; pollen-presenter lateral on style; perianth and style green; unit conflorescence usually with ≤ 6 flowersBranchlets angular in cross-section; pollen-presenter oblique on style; perianth and style white, pink or red; unit conflorescence usually with > 10 flowersPedicels 2.5–3.5 mm long; perianth and style bright red; low almost prostrate to weakly erect shrub 0.2–1 m tallPedicels 4–10 mm long; perianth and style white to cream or pink, or rarely mauve; prostrate to robust-erect shrubs 0.2–2 m tallHairs on lower leaf surface highly reflective, sparkling under strong light; leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic to sublinear, ≤ 40 mm long, < 4 mm wide (south-eastern Qld Hairs on lower leaf surface matt, not sparkling; leaves variable, obovate or elliptic or narrowly so and then 10–50 mm long and 2–9 mm wide, or rarely linear and then 60–120 mm long and 1–3 mm wide (Sydney, Blue Mtns Tepals all separating to level of ovary or below, and widely and evenly arching and splayed, all held with a 180º arc ventral to the pistil; hairs of the inner perianth surface displayedTepals coherent over basal third to half, independently recoiled or recurved above on either side of pistil, the ventral pair more strongly recoiled than the dorsal pair; hairs of the inner perianth surface not displayedLimb of bud (and limb segments of tepals) tomentose to villous (±spreading hairs)Limb of bud (and limb segments of tepals) subsericeous to sericeous or sparsely so (appressed hairs)Lower leaf surface densely to loosely velvety or villous (ground tissue usually obscured by hairs); peduncle, floral rachis and outer surface of perianth all with biramous nonglandular hairs only; leaf apices usually obtuseLower leaf surface very open-tomentose (ground tissue visible between hairs); peduncle, floral rachis and outer surface of perianth with both biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs (the latter sometimes few and inconspicuous); leaf apices usually ±acuteLower leaf surface with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Lower leaf surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue concealed by hairs)Longest leaves ≤ 4 cm long; new growth usually flushed pink or purplish pinkLongest leaves > 4 cm long; new growth green or very briefly flushed pink or tanLimb of bud subcubic, distinctly square in face view; pollen-presenter ventrally concave in cross-sectionLimb of bud subglobose, rounded in face view; pollen-presenter ventrally convex in cross-sectionLongest floral rachises 20–90 mm long; longest leaves 6–12 (–20) cm long; flower buds rich rusty brown; upper surface of leaf with lateral veins pale, strongly evidentLongest floral rachises 6–25 mm long; longest leaves 2–5 (–7) cm long; flower buds rusty brown, red to pink, or green; upper surface of leaf with lateral veins obscure or weakly evidentLeaves narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-ovate, with widest leaves 5–11 mm wide; unit conflorescence usually with ≤ 6 flowers; perianth and style green; longest floral rachises 6–12 mm long; stigma a very prominent beak c. 1 mm longLeaves elliptic to ovate or narrowly so, with widest leaves 8–30 mm wide; unit conflorescence usually with > 6 flowers; perianth and style brown, lilac, yellow, white, apricot, pink or red; longest floral rachises 10–35 mm long; stigma a convex bossNew vegetative growth usually strongly flushed pink or purplish pink (rarely green); pollen-presenter usually strongly ventrally concave in cross-section; branchlets tomentose to subvillous (spreading hairs)New vegetative growth green; pollen-presenter usually flat in cross-section; branchlets subsericeous (appressed hairs) or occasionally weakly tomentose (ascending hairs)Inner surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only ±opposite the ovaryInner surface of perianth with a distinct, scanty to profuse beard ±opposite the ovaryLower surface of leaf with hairs of a similar density on midvein and lamina; midvein either not evident between hairs, or prominent only in lower half of leafLower surface of leaf with hairs less dense on midvein than on lamina, or midvein glabrous; midvein evident and prominent over full length of leafLeaves mostly elliptic to narrowly so, straight, (1.2–) 2–6.5 mm wide; prostrate or very low spreading shrub ≤ 0.4 m tallLeaves ±linear, often gently curved, 0.6–2 (–3) mm wide; erect to prostrate shrub 0.3–1.0 m tallUpper leaf surface often minutely scabrid on and between veins; leaves 0.6–1.0 (–1.5) mm wideUpper leaf surface ±smooth, usually faintly graniculate on veins only; leaves 1–3 mm wideTepals remaining coherent over basal 1/3–1/2 after release of style-end, independently recoiled or recurved above on either side of pistil, with ventral pair more strongly recoiled than dorsal pair; hairs on inner surface of perianth not displayed; pollen-presenter lateral on style or almost soTepals all separating to level of ovary or below after release of style-end, all held with a ±180º arc ventral to the pistil; hairs on inner surface of perianth usually displayed; pollen-presenter oblique on styleUpper surface of leaf either granulose to scabrid, or with a tangible velvety indumentum; lower leaf surface velutinous to villous (long ±spreading hairs)Upper surface of leaf smooth, either glabrous or with ±appressed hairs, lacking a velvety feel; lower leaf surface sericeous or subsericeous or occasionally shortly tomentoseLeaves granulose to scabrid above; perianth monochromatic, red to pinkish red (southern N.S.W., north-eastern Vic.)Leaves velvety above, not granulose to scabrid beneath hairs; perianth bichromatic, green at base, red above (north-eastern N.S.W., south-eastern Qld)Longest leaves ≤ 2 cm long; conflorescence on strongly decurved to pendulous peduncle; flower buds with a dense rusty brown indumentum all over; pistils 10–11 mm longLongest leaves 2.5–14 cm long; conflorescence erect to decurved or pendulous; flower buds pink to red, lacking dense brown indumentum except sometimes on the limb; pistils 12–20 mm longBranchlets tomentose to subvillous (spreading hairs); conflorescence terminal or axillary; floral rachis 5–25 mm long (southern N.S.W.)Branchlets sericeous (closely appressed hairs); conflorescence axillary or cauline, rarely a few terminal; floral rachis 2–5 mm long (Qld)Unit conflorescence secund, sometimes shortly and broadly so and appearing subglobose, but all styles of open flowers held within a 180º arc when viewed along rachis (bud sometimes held below this arc)Unit conflorescence ±regular-umbelloid (open flowers arranged in full 360º about rachis), or a loose irregular cluster (sometimes 4–6-flowered) cluster of indeterminate structureLeaf lower surface glabrous or openly to sparsely hairy on either side of midvein (ground tissue visible between hairs)Leaf lower surface with a ±dense indumentum on either side of midvein (ground tissue not visible between hairs)Follicles with faint longitudinal ridges (south-western W.A.)Follicles lacking longitudinal ridges, colliculose (south-eastern Qld)Leaves linear, elliptic or lanceolate, with a ±acute apexLeaves narrowly obovate with an obtuse or emarginate apexLeaves with upper surface minutely pitted, 5–7-veined, 1.5–6 cm long; conflorescences on very short axillary branchlets (appearing axillary), aggregated subterminally on major branches (S.A.)Leaves with upper surface not pitted, 1–3-veined, 1.5–3.5 cm long; conflorescences terminal on main or lateral branchlets, not appearing axillary, not subterminally aggregated (N.S.W.)Leaves with upper surface minutely pitted (S.A.)Leaves with upper surface not pitted (N.S.W., Vic.)Inner surface of perianth with a scanty beard of very short hairs; leaves often gently curved (central Vic.)Inner surface of perianth with a profuse beard; leaves ±straight (N.S.W., far eastern Vic.)Pistil 7–8.5 mm long; leaves not crowded; conflorescence often pedunculate, sometimes subsessile; leaves 1–5 cm long, 1–3 mm widePistil 6.5–7 mm long; leaves usually very crowded; conflorescence sessile; leaves 0.8–2.5 (–3) cm long, 0.8–1.4 mm wideLeaves ±rigid, pungentLeaves pliable, not pungentLeaves 0.2–1.3 mm wide; hairs of branchlets, leaves, and perianth dull, not sparkling under strong light; young flower buds deep rusty brown in colour (hairs)Leaves 1.5–10 mm wide; hairs of branchlets, leaves, and perianth sparkling under strong light; young flower buds silver and fawn (hairs)Late flower buds subvillous to villous, especially on limb (hairs ascending to spreading); unit conflorescence often very dense and appearing almost globose, actually usually broadly secund, sometimes pendulous, sometimes held on or near the groundLate flower buds sericeous including on limb (hairs appressed); unit conflorescences various (dense to loose, secund to broadly so or appearing subglobose, pendulous or not, close to ground or not)Leaves pungent, conspicuously 3-veined, often twisting on drying; perianth with both biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs on outer surfaceLeaves not or scarcely pungent, not conspicuously 3-veined, remaining straight on drying; perianth with biramous hairs only on outer surfaceLeaves linear, 6–17 cm long; unit conflorescence secund, not dense or subglobose; perianth and style mauve-pinkLeaves narrowly elliptic to oblong or slightly obovate, or ovate to triangular, 0.5–9 cm long; unit conflorescence densely and broadly secund, often appearing subglobose; perianth deep maroon or blackish red, rarely white; style red, rarely greenish whiteLimb of bud with a dark rusty brown indumentum; nectary shortly linguiform, projecting clearly over the toral rimLimb of bud with a pale indumentum (sometimes a few light brown hairs); nectary arcuate, scarcely emergent above toral rimUnit conflorescence dense, broadly secund (often appearing subglobose), often pendulous or sometimes held on or near the ground; flowers red to deep maroonUnit conflorescence loose to dense, secund or broadly so (but not appearing subglobose), not pendulous; flowers white to cream or greenish yellow, or pinkLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum, ground tissue visible between hairsLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein with a ±dense indumentum, ground tissue not visible between hairsHairs of leaves and branchlets matt, not sparkling under strong lightHairs of leaves and branchlets sparkling under strong lightLow erect to spreading shrub to 1 m tall; leaves ascending, usually solitary, occasionally a few clusters of 3; branchlets brownish to green; flowers pink or whiteErect open shrub 0.5–2 m tall; leaves ±spreading, usually in well-spaced clusters of 3–5; branchlets reddish; flowers white (style sometimes pink with age)Weakly erect to almost prostrate shrub 0.2–1 m tall; branchlets short, stiff, brownish; leaves often crowded but not in clusters; perianth and style pale to deep pink (south-eastern Qld)Erect open virgate shrub 0.5–2 m tall; branchlets long, flexible, reddish; leaves usually in well-spaced clusters of 3–5; perianth and style white (style sometimes pink with age) (mid-coastal N.S.W.)Largest conflorescences with > 30 flowers (subterminal axillary 2-flowered conflorescences sometimes also present), very dense; flowers reddish purple or rich mauve; papilloid hairs of the style-end extending 1–6 mm down style (Grampians area, Vic.)Largest conflorescences with < 24 flowers, dense to loose; flowers (after anthesis) white or pale to deep pink or mauve, rarely styles yellowish or mauve; papilloid hairs of the style-end extending no more than 1 mm below tipStyles (fresh) lemony yellow or yellow-green; perianth greenish becoming white after anthesis (montane habitats of northern N.S.W. Styles (fresh) white or pink; perianth white or pink to mauve after anthesis (coastal to montane N.S.W. Leaves pungent, usually ±rigidLeaves not or scarcely pungent, pliableErect shrubs 1–3 m tall; flowers white or very pale pink; leaves not crowdedLow spreading to weakly erect shrubs 0.2–1.3 m tall; flowers white or pale to deep pink; leaves crowded or notPistils 7–13 mm long; early buds pale with a fawn-brown tip; leaves 3.5–11 cm long, 1–5 mm wide, light green; stipe of ovary 1.3–1.5 mm long; shrub, not rhizomatousPistils 4–8 mm long; early buds with dense rusty brown hairs all over; leaves 1.5–5 cm long, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, dark green; stipe of ovary ≤ 1.2 mm long; rhizomatous shrubLeaves ≥ 1.5 mm wide, variously sublinear or narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate; hairs of branchlets and leaves sparkling under strong light or matt; conflorescence with 10–24 flowers; early buds usually silver-grey with a fawn limb, rarely brown all over (coastal, from L. Macquarie, N.S.W., to south-eastern Qld)Leaves ≤ 1.3 mm wide, linear or very slightly oblanceolate; hairs of branchlets and leaves matt; conflorescence usually with 6–14 flowers; early buds rusty brown all over (Mossvale to lower Hunter, N.S.W.)Pistils 35–50 mm long; flowers abaxially basiscopic; conflorescence ±cylindrical; leaves usually divided, occasionally entirePistils 4–35 mm long; flowers either acroscopic or transverse on rachis; conflorescence various, 1–3-flowered or a loose cluster, or secund, or cylindrical and then the pistils < 26 mm long; leaves entire or dividedSome or all leaves toothed or dividedAll leaves entireLongest ultimate lobes ≤ 20 mm long, pungent; lobing often divaricate; seed not wingedLongest ultimate lobes ≥ 40 mm long, not or scarcely pungent; lobes ascending, not divaricate; seed winged all aroundFlowers transverse on rachis; conflorescences usually paniculately 2–5-branched; unit conflorescences erect, dense, cylindricalFlowers acroscopic; conflorescences simple or basally 2–4-branched; unit conflorescences dense to loose, variously shaped and oriented but if cylindrical then decurved to pendulousPistil scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end, projecting ≤ 1–2 mm; conflorescences secund, decurved (S.A.)Pistil markedly exceeding perianth after release of style-end, projecting > 3 mm; conflorescences secund or an irregular cluster or subglobose or 1–3-flowered, erect to decurvedTepals independently recoiled in apical third after anthesis, 2 held dorsally to style and 2 ventrally; conflorescences 1–4 (–10)-flowered, erectTepals remaining loosely coherent almost to tip after anthesis, all held ventrally to style; conflorescences many-flowered, deflexed to decurvedLeaves oblong to obovate or narrowly so or sublinear, (1.5–) 3–12 mm wide, with margins shortly recurved; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous to tomentose; conflorescences terminal and axillaryLeaves linear, 0.7–1.5 mm wide, with margins angularly revolute; lower leaf surface ±enclosed except midvein, 2-grooved; conflorescences axillary or on older woodStipe of ovary swollen, almost as thick as ovary, with a tuft of hairs on the ventral sideStipe of ovary slender, glabrousLeaves linear to terete, and most or all with lower surface of leaf enclosed except for midvein by the revolute margins and 2-grooved, or midvein also enclosed and then 1-groovedLeaves either not linear or terete, or linear but then with lower surface of leaf narrowly exposed between the midvein and the recurved to revolute marginsPistils ≥ 14 mm longPistils < 14 mm longLeaves 40–120 mm long, pliable, not pungent, not clustered on short lateral branchlets; flowers deep purplish pinkLeaves ≤ 45 mm long, usually rigid, pungent, often clustered on short lateral branchlets; flowers red, yellow, orange or rarely pinkBranchlets angular in cross-section; leaves planar, the lower surface 2-grooved with a prominent midveinBranchlets terete; leaves in cross-section planar to angularly deltoid or trigonousLeaf lower surface 1-grooved; pistils < 8 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved; pistils 4.5–13 mm longFollicle with faint to very conspicuous longitudinal ridges (W.A.)Follicle surface colliculose to almost smooth, lacking longitudinal ridges (south-eastern Qld to S.A.)Branchlets subterete; leaves basally deflexed, often slightly twistedBranchlets angular in cross-section; leaves ascending to spreading, not deflexed, not twistedFollicle with several very prominent longitudinal flange-like ridgesFollicle with faint longitudinal ridgesUnit conflorescence secund (sometimes shortly and broadly so, but all styles held within a 180º arc in end view)Unit conflorescence regular, subumbelloid or arrangement obscureUnit conflorescence usually very dense and if terminal then usually > 30-flowered; style with papilloid hairs usually over the apical 1–2 (–6) mm (western Vic.)Unit conflorescence loose to dense, < 26-flowered; style with papilloid hairs confined to apical 1 mm or less (sometimes only on rear of pollen-presenter) (south-eastern Qld, N.S.W., far eastern Vic.)Leaves 5–17 cm long; prostrate to scandent or rarely weakly erect sub-shrub to 0.3 m tall; branches usually scandent or arching, pliableLeaves 1–5 (–7) cm long; erect or low spreading shrubs 0.3–2 m tall; branches ascending, ±rigidPistil 6.5–10.5 mm long; leaves ±rigid, pungent, usually somewhat clustered (often in threes)Pistil 4.5–7.5 mm long; leaves pliable, not pungent, usually not clusteredInner surface of perianth glabrous, or with a few hairs only opposite the ovary (then the hairs on a pulvinus and usually < 0.2 mm long); leaves often gently wavy or incurvedInner surface of perianth with a dense to scanty beard (hairs 0.2–1.0 mm long) at least on the ventral tepals; leaves usually straight, occasionally gently incurvedLeaf margins smoothly revolute; submarginal veins not evidentLeaf margins angularly revolute or refracted about submarginal veinsLeaves ±rigid, pungent, usually widely ascending to spreadingLeaves pliable, not or scarcely pungent, closely ascending to spreadingConflorescences often terminal on short lateral branchlets, often many aggregated in short columns below branch tips; leaves solitary; leaf upper surface with 3–7 prominent longitudinal ridges (S.A.)Conflorescences terminal, if on short lateral branchlets then not heavily aggregated below branch tips; leaves in clusters of 3 or occasionally solitary; leaf upper surface with midvein and 2 edge veins evident, rarely 3-ridged (Vic. Longest leaves usually > 2.5 cm long, > 1.5 mm wide; pistils 6.5–10.5 mm long; inner surface of perianth with a profuse beard; leaf cross-section obliquely elliptic, with margins refracted at least 90º relative to upper surface (N.S.W., north-eastern Vic.)Longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm long and < 1.5 mm wide; pistils 6.5–7 mm long; inner surface of perianth with a scanty beard ±opposite ovary; leaf cross-section usually oblong, with margins refracted ±vertically downwards at 90º to plane of upper surface (eastern Vic.)Inner surface of perianth profusely bearded, the beard usually > 1 mm in extent and the hairs ≥ 0.5 mm long; unit conflorescence sessile or subsessile (peduncle to 1 mm long); very young conflorescences densely clad with rusty-brown hairsInner surface of perianth with a short dense to scanty beard, < 1 mm in extent, the hairs < 0.5 mm long; unit conflorescence sessile or variably pedunculate (if present then peduncles 1–15 (–30) mm long); very young conflorescences with pale, fawn or sometimes a few rusty-brown hairsLeaves very widely ascending to spreading, very straight, 0.7–1.3 (–2) mm wide, longest leaves > 30 (and usually > 40) mm longLeaves closely to widely ascending, straight or wavy or incurved, if the latter then usually either > 1.5 mm wide or < 30 mm longLeaves crowded and ≤ 30 mm longLeaves either well-spaced, or if crowded then longest leaves > 30 mm longMost leaves > 3 cm long, ±straight; shrub 1–2.5 m tall; branches long, pliableMost leaves < 2.5 cm long; often gently incurved; shrub 0.3–1 m tall; branches short, rigidPistil > 23 mm longPistil ≤ 23 mm longApex of flower bud acute (limb subpyramidal)Apex of flower bud obtuse (limb rounded)Longest leaves ≤ 40 mm longLongest leaves ≥ 50 mm longLeaves narrowly obovate to subulate or linear, usually rigid and pungent, 1–6 mm wide; midvein of lower leaf surface densely hairy and diminishing markedly in prominence towards apex, often scarcely or not evident in apical half of leafLeaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate or almost round, usually pliable (occasionally rigid), not pungent, (4–) 7–45 mm wide; midvein of lower leaf surface densely to sparsely hairy or glabrous, but always evident over full length of leafPistils 25–35 mm long; longest floral rachises 5–12 mm long; midvein on lower leaf surface glabrous or nearly soPistils ≤ 26 mm long; longest floral rachises 10–90 mm long; midvein on lower leaf surface densely hairy or rarely sparsely hairy to almost glabrousLeaf lower surface with an open to sparse appressed indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs) or glabrousLeaf lower surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue obscured by hairs) except on midveinFloral rachis 1–8 mm long; conflorescence terminal, axillary or cauline; midvein on leaf lower surface glabrous or almost soFloral rachis 10–90 mm long; conflorescence terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets); midvein on lower leaf surface densely hairy or rarely sparsely hairy to almost glabrousFlowers adaxially acroscopic (ventral sutures facing towards axis of floral rachis); conflorescence terminal or occasionally axillary; pistil 27–36 mm long (N.S.W.)Flowers abaxially acroscopic (ventral sutures facing away from axis of floral rachis); conflorescence axillary or cauline; pistil ≤ 26 mm long (Vic.)Leaf lower surface with an open to sparse appressed indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs) or glabrousLeaf lower surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue obscured by hairs) except on midveinPistil 14–23 mm longPistil < 14 mm longLeaf upper surface finely granulose to coarsely asperousLeaf upper surface smooth (sometimes hairy but not granulose or asperous)Leaves oblong to obovate or narrowly so, or occasionally elliptic 5–10 times as long as wide; pistil 14–17 mm long; lateral veins on lower leaf surface usually not evident (SE of N.S.W.)Leaves ovate to elliptic or broadly so, or slightly obovate, 1.5–4 times as long as wide; pistil ≥ 17 mm long; lateral veins evident on lower leaf surface (Vic.)Leaves with a tangible velvety indumentum on upper surface; conflorescence 2–8-floweredLeaves with upper surface glabrous or hairy but then the hairs usually appressed, rarely ascending, never velvety; conflorescence usually with > 8 flowers, rarely 2–8Pistil to 16 mm long; perianth bichromatic, green in basal half, red abovePistil ≥ 16 mm long; perianth bright red throughoutApex of flower bud acute (limb subpyramidal)Apex of flower bud obtuse (limb subglobose)Most or all conflorescences axillary or caulineMost or all conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)Pistil ≥ 21 mm long (Vic.)Pistil ≤ 18 mm long (Qld)Widest leaves ≤ 6 mm wideWidest leaves > 6 mm wideLeaves usually rigid, pungent, ≤ 35 mm long, often many clustered together on short lateral branchlets; midvein on lower surface of leaf as densely hairy as the adjacent lamina, and declining markedly in prominence in apical half of leaf; branchlets ±tereteLeaves rigid or pliable, usually not pungent, 1–5.5 cm long, solitary or in clusters of 3; midvein on lower surface of leaf glabrous or markedly less hairy than the adjacent lamina, maintaining prominence over full length of leaf; branchlets angular or tereteBranchlets terete; pollen-presenter lateral on style; perianth and style green; unit conflorescence usually with ≤ 6 flowersBranchlets angular in cross-section; pollen-presenter oblique on style; perianth and style white, pink or red; unit conflorescence usually with > 10 flowersPedicels 2.5–3.5 mm long; perianth and style bright red; low almost prostrate to weakly erect shrub 0.2–1 m tallPedicels 4–10 mm long; perianth and style white to cream or pink, or rarely mauve; prostrate to robust-erect shrubs 0.2–2 m tallHairs on lower leaf surface highly reflective, sparkling under strong light; leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic to sublinear, ≤ 40 mm long, < 4 mm wide (south-eastern Qld Hairs on lower leaf surface matt, not sparkling; leaves variable, obovate or elliptic or narrowly so and then 10–50 mm long and 2–9 mm wide, or rarely linear and then 60–120 mm long and 1–3 mm wide (Sydney, Blue Mtns Tepals all separating to level of ovary or below, and widely and evenly arching and splayed, all held with a 180º arc ventral to the pistil; hairs of the inner perianth surface displayedTepals coherent over basal third to half, independently recoiled or recurved above on either side of pistil, the ventral pair more strongly recoiled than the dorsal pair; hairs of the inner perianth surface not displayedLimb of bud (and limb segments of tepals) tomentose to villous (±spreading hairs)Limb of bud (and limb segments of tepals) subsericeous to sericeous or sparsely so (appressed hairs)Lower leaf surface densely to loosely velvety or villous (ground tissue usually obscured by hairs); peduncle, floral rachis and outer surface of perianth all with biramous nonglandular hairs only; leaf apices usually obtuseLower leaf surface very open-tomentose (ground tissue visible between hairs); peduncle, floral rachis and outer surface of perianth with both biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs (the latter sometimes few and inconspicuous); leaf apices usually ±acuteLower leaf surface with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Lower leaf surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue concealed by hairs)Longest leaves ≤ 4 cm long; new growth usually flushed pink or purplish pinkLongest leaves > 4 cm long; new growth green or very briefly flushed pink or tanLimb of bud subcubic, distinctly square in face view; pollen-presenter ventrally concave in cross-sectionLimb of bud subglobose, rounded in face view; pollen-presenter ventrally convex in cross-sectionLongest floral rachises 20–90 mm long; longest leaves 6–12 (–20) cm long; flower buds rich rusty brown; upper surface of leaf with lateral veins pale, strongly evidentLongest floral rachises 6–25 mm long; longest leaves 2–5 (–7) cm long; flower buds rusty brown, red to pink, or green; upper surface of leaf with lateral veins obscure or weakly evidentLeaves narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-ovate, with widest leaves 5–11 mm wide; unit conflorescence usually with ≤ 6 flowers; perianth and style green; longest floral rachises 6–12 mm long; stigma a very prominent beak c. 1 mm longLeaves elliptic to ovate or narrowly so, with widest leaves 8–30 mm wide; unit conflorescence usually with > 6 flowers; perianth and style brown, lilac, yellow, white, apricot, pink or red; longest floral rachises 10–35 mm long; stigma a convex bossNew vegetative growth usually strongly flushed pink or purplish pink (rarely green); pollen-presenter usually strongly ventrally concave in cross-section; branchlets tomentose to subvillous (spreading hairs)New vegetative growth green; pollen-presenter usually flat in cross-section; branchlets subsericeous (appressed hairs) or occasionally weakly tomentose (ascending hairs)Inner surface of perianth with a distinct, scanty to profuse beard ±opposite the ovaryInner surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only ±opposite the ovaryLower surface of leaf with hairs of a similar density on midvein and lamina; midvein either not evident between hairs, or prominent only in lower half of leafLower surface of leaf with hairs less dense on midvein than on lamina, or midvein glabrous; midvein evident and prominent over full length of leafLeaves mostly elliptic to narrowly so, straight, (1.2–) 2–6.5 mm wide; prostrate or very low spreading shrub ≤ 0.4 m tallLeaves ±linear, often gently curved, 0.6–2 (–3) mm wide; erect to prostrate shrub 0.3–1.0 m tallUpper leaf surface often minutely scabrid on and between veins; leaves 0.6–1.0 (–1.5) mm wideUpper leaf surface ±smooth, usually faintly graniculate on veins only; leaves 1–3 mm wideTepals remaining coherent over basal 1/3–1/2 after release of style-end, independently recoiled or recurved above on either side of pistil, with ventral pair more strongly recoiled than dorsal pair; hairs on inner surface of perianth not displayed; pollen-presenter lateral on style or almost soTepals all separating to level of ovary or below after release of style-end, all held with a ±180º arc ventral to the pistil; hairs on inner surface of perianth usually displayed; pollen-presenter oblique on styleUpper surface of leaf either granulose to scabrid, or with a tangible velvety indumentum; lower leaf surface velutinous to villous (long ±spreading hairs)Upper surface of leaf smooth, either glabrous or with ±appressed hairs, lacking a velvety feel; lower leaf surface sericeous or subsericeous or occasionally shortly tomentoseLeaves granulose to scabrid above; perianth monochromatic, red to pinkish red (southern N.S.W., north-eastern Vic.)Leaves velvety above, not granulose to scabrid beneath hairs; perianth bichromatic, green at base, red above (north-eastern N.S.W., south-eastern Qld)Longest leaves ≤ 2 cm long; conflorescence on strongly decurved to pendulous peduncle; flower buds with a dense rusty brown indumentum all over; pistils 10–11 mm longLongest leaves 2.5–14 cm long; conflorescence erect to decurved or pendulous; flower buds pink to red, lacking dense brown indumentum except sometimes on the limb; pistils 12–20 mm longBranchlets tomentose to subvillous (spreading hairs); conflorescence terminal or axillary; floral rachis 5–25 mm long (southern N.S.W.)Branchlets sericeous (closely appressed hairs); conflorescence axillary or cauline, rarely a few terminal; floral rachis 2–5 mm long (Qld)Unit conflorescence ±regular-umbelloid (open flowers arranged in full 360º about rachis), or a loose irregular cluster (sometimes 4–6-flowered) cluster of indeterminate structureUnit conflorescence secund, sometimes shortly and broadly so and appearing subglobose, but all styles of open flowers held within a 180º arc when viewed along rachis (bud sometimes held below this arc)Leaf lower surface glabrous or openly to sparsely hairy on either side of midvein (ground tissue visible between hairs)Leaf lower surface with a ±dense indumentum on either side of midvein (ground tissue not visible between hairs)Follicles with faint longitudinal ridges (south-western W.A.)Follicles lacking longitudinal ridges, colliculose (south-eastern Qld)Leaves narrowly obovate with an obtuse or emarginate apexLeaves linear, elliptic or lanceolate, with a ±acute apexLeaves with upper surface minutely pitted, 5–7-veined, 1.5–6 cm long; conflorescences on very short axillary branchlets (appearing axillary), aggregated subterminally on major branches (S.A.)Leaves with upper surface not pitted, 1–3-veined, 1.5–3.5 cm long; conflorescences terminal on main or lateral branchlets, not appearing axillary, not subterminally aggregated (N.S.W.)Leaves with upper surface minutely pitted (S.A.)Leaves with upper surface not pitted (N.S.W., Vic.)Inner surface of perianth with a scanty beard of very short hairs; leaves often gently curved (central Vic.)Inner surface of perianth with a profuse beard; leaves ±straight (N.S.W., far eastern Vic.)Pistil 7–8.5 mm long; leaves not crowded; conflorescence often pedunculate, sometimes subsessile; leaves 1–5 cm long, 1–3 mm widePistil 6.5–7 mm long; leaves usually very crowded; conflorescence sessile; leaves 0.8–2.5 (–3) cm long, 0.8–1.4 mm wideLeaves ±rigid, pungentLeaves pliable, not pungentLeaves 0.2–1.3 mm wide; hairs of branchlets, leaves, and perianth dull, not sparkling under strong light; young flower buds deep rusty brown in colour (hairs)Leaves 1.5–10 mm wide; hairs of branchlets, leaves, and perianth sparkling under strong light; young flower buds silver and fawn (hairs)Late flower buds subvillous to villous, especially on limb (hairs ascending to spreading); unit conflorescence often very dense and appearing almost globose, actually usually broadly secund, sometimes pendulous, sometimes held on or near the groundLate flower buds sericeous including on limb (hairs appressed); unit conflorescences various (dense to loose, secund to broadly so or appearing subglobose, pendulous or not, close to ground or not)Leaves pungent, conspicuously 3-veined, often twisting on drying; perianth with both biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs on outer surfaceLeaves not or scarcely pungent, not conspicuously 3-veined, remaining straight on drying; perianth with biramous hairs only on outer surfaceLeaves linear, 6–17 cm long; unit conflorescence secund, not dense or subglobose; perianth and style mauve-pinkLeaves narrowly elliptic to oblong or slightly obovate, or ovate to triangular, 0.5–9 cm long; unit conflorescence densely and broadly secund, often appearing subglobose; perianth deep maroon or blackish red, rarely white; style red, rarely greenish whiteLimb of bud with a dark rusty brown indumentum; nectary shortly linguiform, projecting clearly over the toral rimLimb of bud with a pale indumentum (sometimes a few light brown hairs); nectary arcuate, scarcely emergent above toral rimUnit conflorescence dense, broadly secund (often appearing subglobose), often pendulous or sometimes held on or near the ground; flowers red to deep maroonUnit conflorescence loose to dense, secund or broadly so (but not appearing subglobose), not pendulous; flowers white to cream or greenish yellow, or pinkLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum, ground tissue visible between hairsLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein with a ±dense indumentum, ground tissue not visible between hairsHairs of leaves and branchlets matt, not sparkling under strong lightHairs of leaves and branchlets sparkling under strong lightLow erect to spreading shrub to 1 m tall; leaves ascending, usually solitary, occasionally a few clusters of 3; branchlets brownish to green; flowers pink or whiteErect open shrub 0.5–2 m tall; leaves ±spreading, usually in well-spaced clusters of 3–5; branchlets reddish; flowers white (style sometimes pink with age)Weakly erect to almost prostrate shrub 0.2–1 m tall; branchlets short, stiff, brownish; leaves often crowded but not in clusters; perianth and style pale to deep pink (south-eastern Qld)Erect open virgate shrub 0.5–2 m tall; branchlets long, flexible, reddish; leaves usually in well-spaced clusters of 3–5; perianth and style white (style sometimes pink with age) (mid-coastal N.S.W.)Largest conflorescences with > 30 flowers (subterminal axillary 2-flowered conflorescences sometimes also present), very dense; flowers reddish purple or rich mauve; papilloid hairs of the style-end extending 1–6 mm down style (Grampians area, Vic.)Largest conflorescences with < 24 flowers, dense to loose; flowers (after anthesis) white or pale to deep pink or mauve, rarely styles yellowish or mauve; papilloid hairs of the style-end extending no more than 1 mm below tipStyles (fresh) lemony yellow or yellow-green; perianth greenish becoming white after anthesis (montane habitats of northern N.S.W. Styles (fresh) white or pink; perianth white or pink to mauve after anthesis (coastal to montane N.S.W. Leaves pungent, usually ±rigidLeaves not or scarcely pungent, pliableErect shrubs 1–3 m tall; flowers white or very pale pink; leaves not crowdedLow spreading to weakly erect shrubs 0.2–1.3 m tall; flowers white or pale to deep pink; leaves crowded or notPistils 7–13 mm long; early buds pale with a fawn-brown tip; leaves 3.5–11 cm long, 1–5 mm wide, light green; stipe of ovary 1.3–1.5 mm long; shrub, not rhizomatousPistils 4–8 mm long; early buds with dense rusty brown hairs all over; leaves 1.5–5 cm long, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, dark green; stipe of ovary ≤ 1.2 mm long; rhizomatous shrubLeaves ≥ 1.5 mm wide, variously sublinear or narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate; hairs of branchlets and leaves sparkling under strong light or matt; conflorescence with 10–24 flowers; early buds usually silver-grey with a fawn limb, rarely brown all over (coastal, from L. Macquarie, N.S.W., to south-eastern Qld)Leaves ≤ 1.3 mm wide, linear or very slightly oblanceolate; hairs of branchlets and leaves matt; conflorescence usually with 6–14 flowers; early buds rusty brown all over (Mossvale to lower Hunter, N.S.W.)Pistils ≥ 30 mm longPistils < 30 mm longLeaves deeply divided with divaricate linear lobes; leaf rachis deflexed at some or all nodesLeaves entire or toothed to divided with nondivaricate or nonlinear lobes (these often mutually aligned); leaf rachis straight to gently upcurvedUnit conflorescences cylindrical, usually > 30-flowered; conflorescences usually paniculately branched; ultimate floral rachises 50–170 mm longUnit conflorescences ±secund, < 20-flowered; conflorescences usually simple or with a few basal branches; ultimate floral rachises 3–40 mm longPistils 39–48 mm long; ultimate floral rachises3–5 mm long; ovary and fruit with conspicuous rounded ridgesPistils 30–36 mm long; ultimate floral rachises 20–40 mm long; ovary smooth; fruit rugulose but lacking conspicuous ridgesAll leaves entire, < 40 mm long; floral rachis 2–5 mm long (north-western N.S.W. Leaves entire or toothed or divided, 10–150 mm long; floral rachis 1–100 mm long (if leaves entire then floral rachis > 5 mm long)Pistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateLeaves entire, or shallowly to deeply divided, if lobes linear then ascending (and often mutually aligned), not divaricate; leaf rachis straight to gently upcurvedLeaves deeply divided with strongly divaricate linear lobes; leaf rachis often deflexed at some or all nodes, sometimes straight or gently upcurvedPistils ≤ 10 mm longPistils 11–29 mm longFloral rachises (10–) 20–80 mm long; unit conflorescences ovoid to conico-cylindrical, or secundFloral rachises < 10 mm long; unit conflorescences regular and umbelloidUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalStyles all arching in towards centre of conflorescences; branchlets subsericeousStyles ±erect, not arching inwards; branchlets villousUnit conflorescences cylindrical; floral rachises 50–170 mm long; conflorescences usually paniculately branchedUnit conflorescences secund or subsecund or a loose cluster; floral rachises 2–40 mm long; conflorescences simple or basally 1–3 (–5)-branchedPeduncles flattened, flexuosePeduncles ±terete, not flexuoseLeaf rachis straight or gently upcurvedLeaf rachis angularly deflexed at each nodeUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalLeaves ±broadly cruciform or panduriform (±fiddle-shaped) with basal lobes stem-claspingLeaves shaped otherwise, with basal lobes usually not stem-claspingSome or all leaves with secondary divisionAll leaves either entire, or with primary lobing or toothing onlyBranchlets glabrous or with appressed hairsBranchlets with a dense to open untidy indumentum of ±spreading hairsLeaf lobes very divaricate (spreading at 45º–90º), rigid, ±pungent; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal nodeLeaf lobes not or only weakly divaricate, strongly ascending (diverging at < 45º from subtending internodes), pliable, not or scarcely pungent; leaf rachis straight or often gently upcurved towards tipLeaf lobes 1.5–5 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly exposed, glabrous; pistil 29–35 mm longLeaf lobes 0.8–1.1 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly enclosed by angularly revolute margins, where exposed loosely sericeous; pistil 20–22 mm longUnit conflorescence basipetal, subglobose or subsecund, usually ±erect (occasionally pendulous); ultimate leaf lobes ±spreading (not mutually aligned), curved, 0.3–0.7 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (dorsal to ventral edge)Unit conflorescence acropetal, strongly secund, usually strongly deflexed to pendulous; ultimate leaf lobes ±strongly ascending, ±straight, mutually aligned, usually ≥ 0.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.2–1.4 mm longLeaf lobes ±rigid, divaricate, pungent-pointed; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal node; pistil 20–22 mm longLeaf lobes pliable, not or scarcely divaricate, not pungent-pointed; leaf rachis ±straight or gently upcurved towards apex; pistil 22–28 mm longPlants ±prostrate with trailing stems; upper leaf surface with a ±persistent open-pilose indumentum; pistil 22–24 mm long; follicle very rugose, with two conspicuous transverse ridges just above base and 2–4 strong ±longitudinal ridges running from the distal one towards the apexPlants mounded to spreading or erect shrubs; upper leaf surface with a loose pilose or pubescent to villous indumentum when young, this usually soon mostly or wholly lost; pistil 25–28 mm long; follicle usually with a transverse ridge or bulge just above base, otherwise almost smooth or minutely rugose, or with a single obscure subdorsal ridge on each sideUltimate leaf lobes ±closely mutually aligned; limb of bud glabrous; floral rachis 18–30 mm long, glabrous or sparsely tomentoseUltimate leaf lobes ±divergent; limb of bud glabrous or hairy; floral rachis 8–15 mm long, open-tomentoseLeaves obovate-cuneate to obtrullate, usually with 3–7 triangular teeth or lobes near apex; upper leaf surface usually with reticulum prominentLeaves not obovate-cuneate to obtrullate; lobes or teeth (if present) not triangular (usually linear), not crowded near apex; upper leaf surface with venation not raised and reticulum not evidentUpper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, usually conspicuously punctate (pitted); branchlets and upper surface of young leaves villous (long spreading hairs) or pubescent (short ascending to spreading hairs)Upper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, not punctate or only obscurely so; branchlets and upper surface of young leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs or pubescentAll leaves dividedSome or all leaves entireLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 40 mm long; floral rachis usually 35–60 mm longLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 30 mm long; floral rachis 5–20 (–30) mm longLower surface of leaf and lobes usually narrowly exposed between midvein and the smoothly revolute margins over some or all of the leaf's lengthLower surface of leaf and lobes concealed, the angularly to smoothly revolute margins tightly rolled against the midveinRobust shrub usually 2–3 m high; branchlets densely pubescent (short spreading hairs); pistil 20–25 mm long; leaf lobes 0.5–2 (–3) mm wide, flat, linearLow spreading shrub to c. 1.5 m high; branchlets with a sparse appressed indumentum, or glabrous; pistil 24–28 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.5 mm wide, filiformOuter surface of perianth and floral rachis ±densely tomentose; entire leaves 5–17 mm wideOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only on limb; floral rachis glabrous, subsericeous or tomentose; entire leaves ≤ 9 mm wideWidest entire leaves > 5 mm wideWidest entire leaves < 5 mm wideUnit conflorescence weakly acropetal to subsynchronous; leaves to 9 mm wide; pistil 26–27 mm long; lower leaf surface densely sericeous on young leaves, soon becoming sparsely sericeous or glabrousUnit conflorescence basipetal; leaves < 6 mm wide; pistil 20–24 mm long; lower leaf surface remaining densely sericeousLeaves and lobes usually with lower surface on either side of midvein concealed by revolute margins (if lamina exposed then longest leaves ≥ 4 cm long)Leaves and lobes of some or all leaves with lower surface at least partly exposed on either side of midvein; leaves ≤ 4.5 cm longBranchlets with a dense short indumentum of ±spreading hairsBranchlets glabrous or appressed-sericeous, or with an open indumentum of weakly ascending hairsAll leaves entire; upper leaf surface with midvein usually clearly evident as a pale strip; leaves 1.5–4 mm wide; non-lignotuberous shrubUsually at least a few leaves divided (occasionally all entire); upper leaf surface with midvein not or scarcely evident (sometimes a faint channel only); entire leaves 1–2 mm wide; lignotuberous shrubPistils < 20 mm longPistils ≥ 20 mm longSome or all leaves toothed or dividedAll leaves entireOvary and fruit with conspicuous peaks or ridges high on the flanks and ventral side; outer surface of tepals with a midline ridge on the limb-segments; peduncles sometimes flattened and flexuose, or sometimes long and trailing on ground beyond foliageOvary smooth; fruit smooth or with an oblique basal ridge; tepals not ridged on the limb-segments; peduncles ±terete, straight or curved, not flexuose and not trailing on groundPistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateLeaves ±broadly cruciform or panduriform (±fiddle-shaped) with basal lobes stem-claspingLeaves shaped otherwise, with basal lobes usually not stem-claspingSome or all leaves with secondary divisionAll leaves either entire, or with primary lobing or toothing onlyBranchlets glabrous or with appressed hairsBranchlets with a dense to open untidy indumentum of ±spreading hairsLeaf lobes very divaricate (spreading at 45º–90º), rigid, ±pungent; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal nodeLeaf lobes not or only weakly divaricate, strongly ascending (diverging at < 45º from subtending internodes), pliable, not or scarcely pungent; leaf rachis straight or often gently upcurved towards tipLeaf lobes 1.5–5 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly exposed, glabrous; pistil 29–35 mm longLeaf lobes 0.8–1.1 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly enclosed by angularly revolute margins, where exposed loosely sericeous; pistil 20–22 mm longUnit conflorescence basipetal, subglobose or subsecund, usually ±erect (occasionally pendulous); ultimate leaf lobes ±spreading (not mutually aligned), curved, 0.3–0.7 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (dorsal to ventral edge)Unit conflorescence acropetal, strongly secund, usually strongly deflexed to pendulous; ultimate leaf lobes ±strongly ascending, ±straight, mutually aligned, usually ≥ 0.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.2–1.4 mm longLeaf lobes ±rigid, divaricate, pungent-pointed; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal node; pistil 20–22 mm longLeaf lobes pliable, not or scarcely divaricate, not pungent-pointed; leaf rachis ±straight or gently upcurved towards apex; pistil 22–28 mm longPlants ±prostrate with trailing stems; upper leaf surface with a ±persistent open-pilose indumentum; pistil 22–24 mm long; follicle very rugose, with two conspicuous transverse ridges just above base and 2–4 strong ±longitudinal ridges running from the distal one towards the apexPlants mounded to spreading or erect shrubs; upper leaf surface with a loose pilose or pubescent to villous indumentum when young, this usually soon mostly or wholly lost; pistil 25–28 mm long; follicle usually with a transverse ridge or bulge just above base, otherwise almost smooth or minutely rugose, or with a single obscure subdorsal ridge on each sideUltimate leaf lobes ±closely mutually aligned; limb of bud glabrous; floral rachis 18–30 mm long, glabrous or sparsely tomentoseUltimate leaf lobes ±divergent; limb of bud glabrous or hairy; floral rachis 8–15 mm long, open-tomentoseLeaves obovate-cuneate to obtrullate, usually with 3–7 triangular teeth or lobes near apex; upper leaf surface usually with reticulum prominentLeaves not obovate-cuneate to obtrullate; lobes or teeth (if present) not triangular (usually linear), not crowded near apex; upper leaf surface with venation not raised and reticulum not evidentUpper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, usually conspicuously punctate (pitted); branchlets and upper surface of young leaves villous (long spreading hairs) or pubescent (short ascending to spreading hairs)Upper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, not punctate or only obscurely so; branchlets and upper surface of young leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs or pubescentAll leaves dividedSome or all leaves entireLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 40 mm long; floral rachis usually 35–60 mm longLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 30 mm long; floral rachis 5–20 (–30) mm longLower surface of leaf and lobes usually narrowly exposed between midvein and the smoothly revolute margins over some or all of the leaf's lengthLower surface of leaf and lobes concealed, the angularly to smoothly revolute margins tightly rolled against the midveinRobust shrub usually 2–3 m high; branchlets densely pubescent (short spreading hairs); pistil 20–25 mm long; leaf lobes 0.5–2 (–3) mm wide, flat, linearLow spreading shrub to c. 1.5 m high; branchlets with a sparse appressed indumentum, or glabrous; pistil 24–28 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.5 mm wide, filiformOuter surface of perianth and floral rachis ±densely tomentose; entire leaves 5–17 mm wideOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only on limb; floral rachis glabrous, subsericeous or tomentose; entire leaves ≤ 9 mm wideWidest entire leaves > 5 mm wideWidest entire leaves < 5 mm wideUnit conflorescence weakly acropetal to subsynchronous; leaves to 9 mm wide; pistil 26–27 mm long; lower leaf surface densely sericeous on young leaves, soon becoming sparsely sericeous or glabrousUnit conflorescence basipetal; leaves < 6 mm wide; pistil 20–24 mm long; lower leaf surface remaining densely sericeousLeaves and lobes usually with lower surface on either side of midvein concealed by revolute margins (if lamina exposed then longest leaves ≥ 4 cm long)Leaves and lobes of some or all leaves with lower surface at least partly exposed on either side of midvein; leaves ≤ 4.5 cm longBranchlets with a dense short indumentum of ±spreading hairsBranchlets glabrous or appressed-sericeous, or with an open indumentum of weakly ascending hairsAll leaves entire; upper leaf surface with midvein usually clearly evident as a pale strip; leaves 1.5–4 mm wide; non-lignotuberous shrubUsually at least a few leaves divided (occasionally all entire); upper leaf surface with midvein not or scarcely evident (sometimes a faint channel only); entire leaves 1–2 mm wide; lignotuberous shrubStipe of ovary slender, glabrous (south-western W.A. Stipe of ovary swollen, almost as wide as ovary, and with a tuft of hairs at its base (south-eastern Australia)Perianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary sessile or subsessileOvary stipitateLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longUltimate floral rachises 5–20 mm long; conflorescences usually decurved to pendulous; ovary subtriangular in side view, its base truncate or straightUltimate floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescences erect; ovary saccate to smoothly convex in side viewLeaves ±broadly cruciform or panduriform (±fiddle-shaped) with basal lobes stem-claspingLeaves shaped otherwise, with basal lobes usually not stem-claspingSome or all leaves with secondary divisionAll leaves either entire, or with primary lobing or toothing onlyBranchlets glabrous or with appressed hairsBranchlets with a dense to open untidy indumentum of ±spreading hairsLeaf lobes very divaricate (spreading at 45º–90º), rigid, ±pungent; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal nodeLeaf lobes not or only weakly divaricate, strongly ascending (diverging at < 45º from subtending internodes), pliable, not or scarcely pungent; leaf rachis straight or often gently upcurved towards tipLeaf lobes 1.5–5 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly exposed, glabrous; pistil 29–35 mm longLeaf lobes 0.8–1.1 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly enclosed by angularly revolute margins, where exposed loosely sericeous; pistil 20–22 mm longUnit conflorescence basipetal, subglobose or subsecund, usually ±erect (occasionally pendulous); ultimate leaf lobes ±spreading (not mutually aligned), curved, 0.3–0.7 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (dorsal to ventral edge)Unit conflorescence acropetal, strongly secund, usually strongly deflexed to pendulous; ultimate leaf lobes ±strongly ascending, ±straight, mutually aligned, usually ≥ 0.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.2–1.4 mm longLeaf lobes ±rigid, divaricate, pungent-pointed; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal node; pistil 20–22 mm longLeaf lobes pliable, not or scarcely divaricate, not pungent-pointed; leaf rachis ±straight or gently upcurved towards apex; pistil 22–28 mm longPlants ±prostrate with trailing stems; upper leaf surface with a ±persistent open-pilose indumentum; pistil 22–24 mm long; follicle very rugose, with two conspicuous transverse ridges just above base and 2–4 strong ±longitudinal ridges running from the distal one towards the apexPlants mounded to spreading or erect shrubs; upper leaf surface with a loose pilose or pubescent to villous indumentum when young, this usually soon mostly or wholly lost; pistil 25–28 mm long; follicle usually with a transverse ridge or bulge just above base, otherwise almost smooth or minutely rugose, or with a single obscure subdorsal ridge on each sideUltimate leaf lobes ±closely mutually aligned; limb of bud glabrous; floral rachis 18–30 mm long, glabrous or sparsely tomentoseUltimate leaf lobes ±divergent; limb of bud glabrous or hairy; floral rachis 8–15 mm long, open-tomentoseLeaves obovate-cuneate to obtrullate, usually with 3–7 triangular teeth or lobes near apex; upper leaf surface usually with reticulum prominentLeaves not obovate-cuneate to obtrullate; lobes or teeth (if present) not triangular (usually linear), not crowded near apex; upper leaf surface with venation not raised and reticulum not evidentUpper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, usually conspicuously punctate (pitted); branchlets and upper surface of young leaves villous (long spreading hairs) or pubescent (short ascending to spreading hairs)Upper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, not punctate or only obscurely so; branchlets and upper surface of young leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs or pubescentAll leaves dividedSome or all leaves entireLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 40 mm long; floral rachis usually 35–60 mm longLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 30 mm long; floral rachis 5–20 (–30) mm longLower surface of leaf and lobes usually narrowly exposed between midvein and the smoothly revolute margins over some or all of the leaf's lengthLower surface of leaf and lobes concealed, the angularly to smoothly revolute margins tightly rolled against the midveinRobust shrub usually 2–3 m high; branchlets densely pubescent (short spreading hairs); pistil 20–25 mm long; leaf lobes 0.5–2 (–3) mm wide, flat, linearLow spreading shrub to c. 1.5 m high; branchlets with a sparse appressed indumentum, or glabrous; pistil 24–28 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.5 mm wide, filiformOuter surface of perianth and floral rachis ±densely tomentose; entire leaves 5–17 mm wideOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only on limb; floral rachis glabrous, subsericeous or tomentose; entire leaves ≤ 9 mm wideWidest entire leaves > 5 mm wideWidest entire leaves < 5 mm wideUnit conflorescence weakly acropetal to subsynchronous; leaves to 9 mm wide; pistil 26–27 mm long; lower leaf surface densely sericeous on young leaves, soon becoming sparsely sericeous or glabrousUnit conflorescence basipetal; leaves < 6 mm wide; pistil 20–24 mm long; lower leaf surface remaining densely sericeousLeaves and lobes usually with lower surface on either side of midvein concealed by revolute margins (if lamina exposed then longest leaves ≥ 4 cm long)Leaves and lobes of some or all leaves with lower surface at least partly exposed on either side of midvein; leaves ≤ 4.5 cm longBranchlets with a dense short indumentum of ±spreading hairsBranchlets glabrous or appressed-sericeous, or with an open indumentum of weakly ascending hairsAll leaves entire; upper leaf surface with midvein usually clearly evident as a pale strip; leaves 1.5–4 mm wide; non-lignotuberous shrubUsually at least a few leaves divided (occasionally all entire); upper leaf surface with midvein not or scarcely evident (sometimes a faint channel only); entire leaves 1–2 mm wide; lignotuberous shrubOvary and fruit with conspicuous rounded ridges or outgrowths on each flank; conflorescences often trailing on ground on long peduncles, or not, but always pedunculateOvary smooth; fruit sometimes with a faint subdorsal ridge, but lacking conspicuous ornamentation; conflorescences sessile or subsessileOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousTorus > 4 mm acrossTorus < 3 mm acrossPerianth limb 2–2.2 (–2.5) mm wide; fruit 3–5 mm wide; upper surface of leaves rarely punctate, with midvein usually obscure (rarely evident to raised); nectary obscure to prominent, rising 0.2–0.5 mm above toral rimPerianth limb 2.5–3 mm wide; fruit 6–7 mm wide; upper surface of leaves punctate with prominent midvein; nectary very conspicuous, rising > 0.5 mm above toral rimLeaves linear, acute; upper surface flat with prominent ribs parallel to midvein; lamina of lower surface obscured by marginsLeaves oblong-elliptic or very slightly obovate, obtuse, mucronate; upper surface convex, lacking ribs parallel to midvein; lamina of lower surface exposedLeaf lower surface exposed on either side of midvein; widest leaves usually > 2 mm wide, narrowly obovate or narrowly oblanceolate to sublinearLeaf lower surface enclosed by the revolute margins except for midvein; widest leaves ≤ 2 mm wide, linearOuter perianth surface densely brown-silky; upper leaf surface prominently veined; most leaves > 5 cm long; leaf margins angularly revoluteOuter perianth surface sparsely white-silky; upper leaf surface smooth or with a few discontinuous ridges; most leaves < 5 cm long; leaf margins smoothly revoluteUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid and floral rachis ≤ 10 mm longUnit conflorescences not regular-umbelloid (variously secund, regular-cylindrical, a loose cluster or 1–few-flowered); floral rachises 1–60 mm longPollen-presenter a ±erect to oblique cone; pistils 5–6 mm longPollen-presenter oblique on style, subdiscoid, sometimes convex but not conical; pistils 6–17 mm longUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalProstrate shrub; leaves divided with 9–31 lobes, these all ≤ 40 mm long; tepals flaring widely (remaining connate at apices) to form a circular platform ventral to the style; pistils 6–9 mm longMore or less erect shrubs; leaves entire or with 2–6 lobes, these 1–100 mm long; tepals flaring widely to display inner surface or not, but limb segments separating; pistils 5–17 mm longConflorescences emergent above foliage on long many-branched ±leafless scapesConflorescences branched or not, held ±within foliage or scarcely emergentLongest leaves > 15 cm long; ovarian stipe > 2 mm long; follicle > 20 mm longLongest leaves < 15 cm long; ovarian stipe < 2 mm long; follicle < 15 mm longLeaves usually terete (rarely flat), with several fine (sometimes obscure) longitudinal ridges; fruit often with a transverse ridge near middle; floral bracts > 4 mm long; base of ovary bulging retrorsely; unit conflorescences usually enclosed within foliage with peduncles short to absentLeaves usually flat (rarely terete), lacking longitudinal ridges; follicles smooth to faintly warty, lacking a transverse ridge; floral bracts < 4 mm long; base of ovary spreading from stipe, lacking retrorse bulge; unit conflorescences usually exceeding foliage, on short to long primary or secondary pedunclesLeaves < 10 mm long, with 3–5 oblong lobes 2–5 mm longLeaves > 10 mm long, entire or with linear to subulate lobesAll leaves entire; leaves terete, usually with several fine longitudinal ridges, or terete to flat-linear and then altogether lacking ridges or grooves; fruit smooth or faintly granulose; perianth glabrous outsideLeaves entire, or some or all deeply divided; leaves terete to flat-linear, with 2 longitudinal grooves (either lateral or on the lower surface); fruit rugulose or granulose; perianth glabrous or hairy outsideLongest leaves > 15 cm long; ovarian stipe > 2 mm long; follicle > 20 mm longLongest leaves < 15 cm long; ovarian stipe < 2 mm long; follicle < 15 mm longLeaves usually terete (rarely flat), with several fine (sometimes obscure) longitudinal ridges; fruit often with a transverse ridge near middle; floral bracts > 4 mm long; base of ovary bulging retrorsely; unit conflorescences usually enclosed within foliage with peduncles short to absentLeaves usually flat (rarely terete), lacking longitudinal ridges; follicles smooth to faintly warty, lacking a transverse ridge; floral bracts < 4 mm long; base of ovary spreading from stipe, lacking retrorse bulge; unit conflorescences usually exceeding foliage, on short to long primary or secondary pedunclesAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseAll leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedUnit conflorescences subsecund or a loose (sometimes few-flowered) irregular cluster; peduncles often either flattened or long (to 1 m) and trailing on ground beyond foliage, or occasionally terete, straight and short; ultimate floral rachises 1–5 mm long; flower colour predominently redUnit conflorescences regular cylindrical or conico-cylindrical; peduncles ±terete, straight, erect above or to side of foliage; ultimate floral rachises 20–70 mm long; flower colour white to cream or pale pink to pale yellowPistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateLongest leaf lobes 50–150 mm long; pollen-presenter convex or weakly conical, markedly oblique on style; erect spindly shrub or small tree 2–7 m tall (arid W.A.)Longest leaf lobes ≤ 50 mm long; pollen-presenter strongly conical, ±erect on style; dense shrub to 2 m tall (south-western Australia)Unit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets densely hairyBranchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalStipe of ovary swollen, almost as broad as ovar, with a tuft of hairs on the ventral sideStipe of ovary slender, glabrousPerianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary sessile or subsessileOvary stipitateLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longStyle scarcely (or not) exserted from late bud, and scarcely projecting beyond perianth after release of style-endStyle looped out from dorsal side of late bud, and markedly exceeding perianth after release of style-endTepals independently recoiled in apical third after anthesis, 2 held dorsally to style and 2 ventrally; conflorescences 1–4 (–10)-flowered, erectTepals remaining loosely coherent almost to tip after anthesis, all held ventrally to style; conflorescences many-flowered, deflexed to decurvedLeaves oblong to obovate or narrowly so or sublinear, (1.5–) 3–12 mm wide, with margins shortly recurved; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous to tomentose; conflorescences terminal and axillaryLeaves linear, 0.7–1.5 mm wide, with margins angularly revolute; lower leaf surface ±enclosed except midvein, 2-grooved; conflorescences axillary or on older woodLongest floral rachises 20–60 mm long; unit conflorescences neatly cylindrical or conico-cylindricalLongest floral rachises ≤ 20 mm long; unit conflorescences shortly and obscurely subcylindrical or a 1–6 (–14)-flowered irregular clusterPollen-presenter convex to weakly conical, markedly oblique on style; erect spindly shrub or small tree 2–7 m tall (arid W.A.)Pollen-presenter strongly conical, erect on style; dense ±spreading shrub to 2 m tall (south-western Australia)Leaves elliptic, 30–130 mm long; leaf margins flat or incurved or obscure; leaf surfaces ±similar; unit conflorescences usually > 10-floweredLeaves linear to oblong or elliptic, 10–90 mm long; leaf margins revolute; leaf surfaces dissimilar; unit conflorescences usually 1–6 (–14)-floweredOuter perianth surface hairyOuter perianth surface glabrousTorus > 4 mm acrossTorus < 3 mm acrossPerianth limb 2.5–3 mm wide; fruit 6–7 mm wide; upper surface of leaves punctate with prominent midvein; nectary very conspicuous, rising > 0.5 mm above toral rimPerianth limb 2–2.2 (–2.5) mm wide; fruit 3–5 mm wide; upper surface of leaves rarely punctate, with midvein usually obscure (rarely evident to raised); nectary obscure to prominent, rising 0.2–0.5 mm above toral rimLeaves oblong-elliptic or very slightly obovate, obtuse, mucronate; upper surface convex, lacking ribs parallel to midvein; lamina of lower surface exposedLeaves linear, acute; upper surface flat with prominent ribs parallel to midvein; lamina of lower surface obscured by marginsLeaf lower surface exposed on either side of midvein; widest leaves usually > 2 mm wide, narrowly obovate or narrowly oblanceolate to sublinearLeaf lower surface enclosed by the revolute margins except for midvein; widest leaves ≤ 2 mm wide, linearOuter perianth surface densely brown-silky; upper leaf surface prominently veined; most leaves > 5 cm long; leaf margins angularly revoluteOuter perianth surface sparsely white-silky; upper leaf surface smooth or with a few discontinuous ridges; most leaves < 5 cm long; leaf margins smoothly revoluteLeaves entire or shallowly divided, widest leaves ≥ 5 mm wide and upper and lower leaf surfaces very similar; leaf margins ±flat or slightly recurvedWidest leaves (or segments of divided leaves) < 5 mm wide or leaves divided to the midrib, and/or upper and lower leaf surfaces clearly dissimilar; leaf margins flat to revolute or obscurePollen-presenter an erect narrow conePollen-presenter oblique to lateral, ±discoidLeaves divided with obtuse-oblong lobes; styles deflexed just below pollen-presenter; foliage at ground level only; conflorescences on long erect emergent scapesLeaves entire, or divided with ±triangular teeth or lobes; styles not sharply deflexed near apex; foliage distributed over whole plant; conflorescences not on long emergent scapesConflorescences erect on erect or spreading peduncles; floral rachises < 18 (and usually < 10) mm longConflorescences decurved to pendulous; floral rachises > 10 (and usually > 20) mm longPistils 12–20 mm long; leaves ±round, entirePistils 4–10 mm long; leaves oblong, ovate or rhomboid, with marginal teeth or shallow lobesPistil > 14 mm long; leaves deeply twice-divided; perianth with short glandular hairs outsidePistil < 10 mm long; leaves with shallow primary toothing only; perianth glabrous outsideLeaves sessile, cordate to amplexicaulLeaves petiolate, ±truncate to cuneate at baseAdult leaves densely glandular-hispidulous on both surfaces (simple erect glandular hairs), mostly with 13–25 shallow teethAdult leaves with a dense to sparse indumentum of appressed to ascending biramous hairs, sometimes also a few erect simple glandular hairs along margins and veins; leaves with 3–15 coarse teeth or shallow lobesPedicels glabrous or with simple erect glandular hairs only; pistil 7–9.5 mm long; floral rachis 3–18 mm long, the conflorescence ±ovoidPedicels tomentose with biramous hairs only; pistil 5.5–7 mm long; floral rachis 5–8 mm long, the conflorescence dense, subglobosePistils (8–) 13–24 mm long, strongly exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and much exceeding the perianth after release of style-endPistils 5–11 mm long, exposed but not or scarcely exserted from late bud, and scarcely projecting beyond the perianth after release of style-endStyle (including apical 2–3 mm and back of style-end) completely glabrous and smoothStyle with small biramous and/or minute simple erect hairs and/or papillae, sometimes confined to apical 1–3 mm and back of style-endLeaves completely glabrous or with a few scattered minute appressed hairs only (denser along midvein)Leaves with a moderately dense to open (rarely very sparse), evenly distributed indumentum of minute appressed hairsLeaves oblong in general outline or rarely narrowly elliptic, with teeth or lobes (if present) distributed ±evenly around margins; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest lobe < 4 cmLeaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, with teeth or lobes (if present) mostly in distal half of leaf; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest lobe usually > 4 cmPistil ≤ 14 mm longPistil ≥ 15 mm longLower surface of leaves completely glabrous or with a sparse sprinkling of minute coppery hairs; leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, < 2 cm wide, entire or with 1–3 triangular teeth or lobes; unit conflorescence 1–2 cm long; stylar hairs or papillae confined to apical 5 mmLower surface of leaves with a dense but inconspicuous indumentum of minute coppery to translucent hairs; most or all leaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, ≥ 3 cm wide, with 2–8 shallow teeth or lobes; unit conflorescence ≥ 2.5 cm long; stylar hairs or papillae usually over most of length of styleLeaves obovate to obovate-cuneate or obtrullate or rarely elliptic or almost round in general outline, mostly > 40 mm wide, teeth or lobes (if present) mostly in distal half; lower surface inconspicuously hairy; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest tooth or lobe usually > 4 cmLeaves oblong to elliptic in general outline, most or all < 40 mm wide, with teeth or lobes ±evenly distributed around margins; lower surface glabrous or inconspicuously hairy; distance from base of leaf blade to apex of lowest tooth or lobe ≤ 4 cmLower surface of leaves usually with an open, evenly distributed inconspicuous indumentum of minute hairs (lens feature); unit conflorescence dense; flowers light green in bud, becoming creamy yellowLower surface of leaves completely glabrous or with minute hairs very thinly scattered (sometimes denser along midvein only); unit conflorescence loose; flowers green in bud, becoming cream or cream yellow, or coppery brown to red in bud becoming orange-red to bright yellowLeaves with (3–) 5–11 teeth or lobes; inner surface of perianth glabrous and mealy or papillose, or with a sparse to dense beard of white hairs; tepals everting after anthesis and inner surface conspicuously displayed; floral rachis 2–4 cm long; unit conflorescence weakly acropetal (hence ovoid to subcylindrical or weakly conical); flowers green in bud, becoming white to cream or very pale yellowLeaves with (7–) 9–27 teeth or lobes; inner surface of perianth with a dense beard of white hairs, but tepals not everting after anthesis, so beard not conspicuously displayed; floral rachis 4–16 cm long; unit conflorescence strongly acropetal (hence markedly conical); flowers reddish in bud, becoming orange-red to bright yellowOvary glandular-pubescent; perianth limb glabrous outside; perianth yellow-green, becoming lemon to cream, sometimes with mauve tingesOvary glabrous; perianth limb hairy outside or rarely glabrous; perianth red, orange or yellow outsideMost leaves oblong, always spino-dentate with 9–25 spreading teeth spaced evenly around margins; blades of mature leaves usually at least twice as long as wide; leaf venation much more prominent on lower surfaceMost leaves broadly ovate, -obovate, -elliptic, or -rhombate, occasionally -oblong, most or all leaves with 3–7 teeth or shallow lobes mostly in apical half of leaf or rarely entire; leaf blades usually only slightly longer than wide, occasionally almost twice as long; leaf venation similar on both surfacesPerianth limb either glabrous or with a sparse to dense, appressed indumentum of short sericeous biramous hairs, sometimes mixed with erect, glandular hairsPerianth limb with indumentum of short simple erect glandular hairs, with or without some ±appressed biramous hairsPedicels 6–10 mm long; perianth with simple erect hairs only on outer surface; pollen-presenter 2–2.5 mm wide; nectary long-U-shaped, relatively obscure; flowers orangePedicels 2–6 (–9) mm long; perianth with simple erect hairs only or mixed biramous and simple-erect hairs outside; pollen-presenter < 2 mm wide; nectary cup-like; flowers red, sometimes orange or yellow or pinkStyles with few to many hairs (sometimes few and inconspicuous or appearing papilloid, sometimes confined to apical 1–3 mm or back of pollen-presenter)Styles completely glabrousSome or all leaves toothed or dividedAll leaves entireLeaves with shallow marginal pungent teeth or short triangular pungent lobes, and conflorescences secund (sometimes few-flowered but then these all on one side of the rachis) or subcylindricalLeaves either with linear lobes < 2 mm wide, or with secondary division and the ultimate lobes shallow-triangular but then the conflorescence regular-umbelloidPistils 11–14 mm long; style scarcely projecting beyond perianth after release of style-endPistils 15–25 mm long; style projecting well beyond perianth after release of style-endPistil > 30 mm long; stipe > 8 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Pistil < 30 mm long; stipe ≤ 6 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Limb segment of each tepal with a conspicuous central longitudinal keel or crest; leaf margins recurved to revolute; follicles thin-walled, crustaceous; seeds narrowly winged; leaf lobes 1–7 mm wide, ±linear; bushy shrubs, often < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Limb segment of each tepal smooth or with only a faint central longitudinal keel; leaf margins flat to shortly recurved; follicles thick-walled, bony-textured; seeds very broadly winged; leaf lobes sublinear to elliptic or obovate, 3–60 mm wide; erect slender shrubs or small treesErect shrub or tree to c. 8 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually again divided; ultimate leaf lobes 3–10 mm wide; lobe bases usually not decurrent; flowers red or deep pink, in dry season; leaves finely veined, with most veins similar sizeErect shrub or tree usually < 4 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually entire, 10–40 mm wide; lobe bases decurrent; flowers pink and cream, in wet-season; leaves coarsely veined, with clearly descending orders of vein sizeAll leaves entireMost or all leaves divided or toothedLeaves round or broadly obovate to obcordate, 50–150 mm wideLeaves elliptic or narrowly so to obovate or occasionally sublinear, < 35 mm wideStyle glabrous; conflorescence with 2–6 spreading to recurved or refracted branches; pericarp > 1 mm thickStyle with a sparse indumentum of minute erect hairs; conflorescence simple or if branched then branches ascending, not refracted; pericarp < 1 mm thickFloral rachis ≤ 0.5 cm long; unit conflorescence ≤ 6-flowered; leaf indumentum of spreading hairsFloral rachis 3–5 cm long; unit conflorescence many-flowered; leaf indumentum of appressed hairsUnit conflorescences regular-umbelloid; floral rachises < 10 mm longUnit conflorescences regular-cylindrical; floral rachises 20–60 mm longAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseStylar hairs confined to area immediately above ovary; leaves linear, < 2 mm wideStylar hairs (sometimes minute) over most of style or near the apex only (sometimes confined to the back of the pollen-presenter); leaves linear to ovate or obovate or ellipticUnit conflorescences umbelloid to ovoid; floral rachises < 10 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; floral rachises 20–60 mm longAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseStipe of ovary slender, glabrousStipe of ovary swollen, almost as thick as ovary, with a tuft of hairs at its base on ventral sidePerianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary sessile or subsessileOvary stipitateLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallLeaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longStyles exposed but not or scarcely exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and scarcely projecting beyond the perianth after release of style-end; conflorescences decurved; pistils 7–11 mm longStyles exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and projecting well beyond the perianth after release of style-end; conflorescences erect to decurved; pistils 4–35 mm longTepals independently recoiled in apical third after anthesis, 2 held dorsally to style and 2 ventrally; conflorescences 1–4 (–10)-flowered, erectTepals remaining loosely coherent almost to tip after anthesis, all held ventrally to style; conflorescences many-flowered, deflexed to decurvedLeaves oblong to obovate or narrowly so or sublinear, (1.5–) 3–12 mm wide, with margins shortly recurved; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous to tomentose; conflorescences terminal and axillaryLeaves linear, 0.7–1.5 mm wide, with margins angularly revolute; lower leaf surface ±enclosed except midvein, 2-grooved; conflorescences axillary or on older woodLeaves linear to terete, and most or all with lower surface of leaf enclosed except for midvein by the revolute margins and 2-grooved, or midvein also enclosed and then 1-groovedLeaves either not linear or terete, or linear but then with lower surface of leaf narrowly exposed between the midvein and the recurved to revolute marginsPistils ≥ 14 mm longPistils < 14 mm longLeaves 40–120 mm long, pliable, not pungent, not clustered on short lateral branchlets; flowers deep purplish pinkLeaves ≤ 45 mm long, usually rigid, pungent, often clustered on short lateral branchlets; flowers red, yellow, orange or rarely pinkBranchlets angular in cross-section; leaves planar, the lower surface 2-grooved with a prominent midveinBranchlets terete; leaves in cross-section planar to angularly deltoid or trigonousLeaf lower surface 1-grooved; pistils < 8 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved; pistils 4.5–13 mm longFollicle with faint to very conspicuous longitudinal ridges (W.A.)Follicle surface colliculose to almost smooth, lacking longitudinal ridges (south-eastern Qld to S.A.)Branchlets subterete; leaves basally deflexed, often slightly twistedBranchlets angular in cross-section; leaves ascending to spreading, not deflexed, not twistedFollicle with several very prominent longitudinal flange-like ridgesFollicle with faint longitudinal ridgesUnit conflorescence secund (sometimes shortly and broadly so, but all styles held within a 180º arc in end view)Unit conflorescence regular, subumbelloid or arrangement obscureUnit conflorescence usually very dense and if terminal then usually > 30-flowered; style with papilloid hairs usually over the apical 1–2 (–6) mm (western Vic.)Unit conflorescence loose to dense, < 26-flowered; style with papilloid hairs confined to apical 1 mm or less (sometimes only on rear of pollen-presenter) (south-eastern Qld, N.S.W., far eastern Vic.)Leaves 5–17 cm long; prostrate to scandent or rarely weakly erect sub-shrub to 0.3 m tall; branches usually scandent or arching, pliableLeaves 1–5 (–7) cm long; erect or low spreading shrubs 0.3–2 m tall; branches ascending, ±rigidPistil 6.5–10.5 mm long; leaves ±rigid, pungent, usually somewhat clustered (often in threes)Pistil 4.5–7.5 mm long; leaves pliable, not pungent, usually not clusteredInner surface of perianth glabrous, or with a few hairs only opposite the ovary (then the hairs on a pulvinus and usually < 0.2 mm long); leaves often gently wavy or incurvedInner surface of perianth with a dense to scanty beard (hairs 0.2–1.0 mm long) at least on the ventral tepals; leaves usually straight, occasionally gently incurvedLeaf margins smoothly revolute; submarginal veins not evidentLeaf margins angularly revolute or refracted about submarginal veinsLeaves ±rigid, pungent, usually widely ascending to spreadingLeaves pliable, not or scarcely pungent, closely ascending to spreadingConflorescences often terminal on short lateral branchlets, often many aggregated in short columns below branch tips; leaves solitary; leaf upper surface with 3–7 prominent longitudinal ridges (S.A.)Conflorescences terminal, if on short lateral branchlets then not heavily aggregated below branch tips; leaves in clusters of 3 or occasionally solitary; leaf upper surface with midvein and 2 edge veins evident, rarely 3-ridged (Vic. Longest leaves usually > 2.5 cm long, > 1.5 mm wide; pistils 6.5–10.5 mm long; inner surface of perianth with a profuse beard; leaf cross-section obliquely elliptic, with margins refracted at least 90º relative to upper surface (N.S.W., north-eastern Vic.)Longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm long and < 1.5 mm wide; pistils 6.5–7 mm long; inner surface of perianth with a scanty beard ±opposite ovary; leaf cross-section usually oblong, with margins refracted ±vertically downwards at 90º to plane of upper surface (eastern Vic.)Inner surface of perianth profusely bearded, the beard usually > 1 mm in extent and the hairs ≥ 0.5 mm long; unit conflorescence sessile or subsessile (peduncle to 1 mm long); very young conflorescences densely clad with rusty-brown hairsInner surface of perianth with a short dense to scanty beard, < 1 mm in extent, the hairs < 0.5 mm long; unit conflorescence sessile or variably pedunculate (if present then peduncles 1–15 (–30) mm long); very young conflorescences with pale, fawn or sometimes a few rusty-brown hairsLeaves very widely ascending to spreading, very straight, 0.7–1.3 (–2) mm wide, longest leaves > 30 (and usually > 40) mm longLeaves closely to widely ascending, straight or wavy or incurved, if the latter then usually either > 1.5 mm wide or < 30 mm longLeaves crowded and ≤ 30 mm longLeaves either well-spaced, or if crowded then longest leaves > 30 mm longMost leaves > 3 cm long, ±straight; shrub 1–2.5 m tall; branches long, pliableMost leaves < 2.5 cm long; often gently incurved; shrub 0.3–1 m tall; branches short, rigidPistil ≤ 23 mm longPistil > 23 mm longApex of flower bud acute (limb subpyramidal)Apex of flower bud obtuse (limb rounded)Longest leaves ≥ 50 mm longLongest leaves ≤ 40 mm longLeaves narrowly obovate to subulate or linear, usually rigid and pungent, 1–6 mm wide; midvein of lower leaf surface densely hairy and diminishing markedly in prominence towards apex, often scarcely or not evident in apical half of leafLeaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate or almost round, usually pliable (occasionally rigid), not pungent, (4–) 7–45 mm wide; midvein of lower leaf surface densely to sparsely hairy or glabrous, but always evident over full length of leafPistils 25–35 mm long; longest floral rachises 5–12 mm long; midvein on lower leaf surface glabrous or nearly soPistils ≤ 26 mm long; longest floral rachises 10–90 mm long; midvein on lower leaf surface densely hairy or rarely sparsely hairy to almost glabrousLeaf lower surface with an open to sparse appressed indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs) or glabrousLeaf lower surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue obscured by hairs) except on midveinFloral rachis 1–8 mm long; conflorescence terminal, axillary or cauline; midvein on leaf lower surface glabrous or almost soFloral rachis 10–90 mm long; conflorescence terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets); midvein on lower leaf surface densely hairy or rarely sparsely hairy to almost glabrousFlowers adaxially acroscopic (ventral sutures facing towards axis of floral rachis); conflorescence terminal or occasionally axillary; pistil 27–36 mm long (N.S.W.)Flowers abaxially acroscopic (ventral sutures facing away from axis of floral rachis); conflorescence axillary or cauline; pistil ≤ 26 mm long (Vic.)Leaf lower surface with an open to sparse appressed indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs) or glabrousLeaf lower surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue obscured by hairs) except on midveinPistil 14–23 mm longPistil < 14 mm longLeaf upper surface finely granulose to coarsely asperousLeaf upper surface smooth (sometimes hairy but not granulose or asperous)Leaves oblong to obovate or narrowly so, or occasionally elliptic 5–10 times as long as wide; pistil 14–17 mm long; lateral veins on lower leaf surface usually not evident (SE of N.S.W.)Leaves ovate to elliptic or broadly so, or slightly obovate, 1.5–4 times as long as wide; pistil ≥ 17 mm long; lateral veins evident on lower leaf surface (Vic.)Leaves with a tangible velvety indumentum on upper surface; conflorescence 2–8-floweredLeaves with upper surface glabrous or hairy but then the hairs usually appressed, rarely ascending, never velvety; conflorescence usually with > 8 flowers, rarely 2–8Pistil to 16 mm long; perianth bichromatic, green in basal half, red abovePistil ≥ 16 mm long; perianth bright red throughoutApex of flower bud acute (limb subpyramidal)Apex of flower bud obtuse (limb subglobose)Most or all conflorescences axillary or caulineMost or all conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)Pistil ≥ 21 mm long (Vic.)Pistil ≤ 18 mm long (Qld)Widest leaves ≤ 6 mm wideWidest leaves > 6 mm wideLeaves usually rigid, pungent, ≤ 35 mm long, often many clustered together on short lateral branchlets; midvein on lower surface of leaf as densely hairy as the adjacent lamina, and declining markedly in prominence in apical half of leaf; branchlets ±tereteLeaves rigid or pliable, usually not pungent, 1–5.5 cm long, solitary or in clusters of 3; midvein on lower surface of leaf glabrous or markedly less hairy than the adjacent lamina, maintaining prominence over full length of leaf; branchlets angular or tereteBranchlets terete; pollen-presenter lateral on style; perianth and style green; unit conflorescence usually with ≤ 6 flowersBranchlets angular in cross-section; pollen-presenter oblique on style; perianth and style white, pink or red; unit conflorescence usually with > 10 flowersPedicels 2.5–3.5 mm long; perianth and style bright red; low almost prostrate to weakly erect shrub 0.2–1 m tallPedicels 4–10 mm long; perianth and style white to cream or pink, or rarely mauve; prostrate to robust-erect shrubs 0.2–2 m tallHairs on lower leaf surface highly reflective, sparkling under strong light; leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic to sublinear, ≤ 40 mm long, < 4 mm wide (south-eastern Qld Hairs on lower leaf surface matt, not sparkling; leaves variable, obovate or elliptic or narrowly so and then 10–50 mm long and 2–9 mm wide, or rarely linear and then 60–120 mm long and 1–3 mm wide (Sydney, Blue Mtns Tepals all separating to level of ovary or below, and widely and evenly arching and splayed, all held with a 180º arc ventral to the pistil; hairs of the inner perianth surface displayedTepals coherent over basal third to half, independently recoiled or recurved above on either side of pistil, the ventral pair more strongly recoiled than the dorsal pair; hairs of the inner perianth surface not displayedLimb of bud (and limb segments of tepals) tomentose to villous (±spreading hairs)Limb of bud (and limb segments of tepals) subsericeous to sericeous or sparsely so (appressed hairs)Lower leaf surface densely to loosely velvety or villous (ground tissue usually obscured by hairs); peduncle, floral rachis and outer surface of perianth all with biramous nonglandular hairs only; leaf apices usually obtuseLower leaf surface very open-tomentose (ground tissue visible between hairs); peduncle, floral rachis and outer surface of perianth with both biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs (the latter sometimes few and inconspicuous); leaf apices usually ±acuteLower leaf surface with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Lower leaf surface with a dense indumentum (ground tissue concealed by hairs)Longest leaves ≤ 4 cm long; new growth usually flushed pink or purplish pinkLongest leaves > 4 cm long; new growth green or very briefly flushed pink or tanLimb of bud subcubic, distinctly square in face view; pollen-presenter ventrally concave in cross-sectionLimb of bud subglobose, rounded in face view; pollen-presenter ventrally convex in cross-sectionLongest floral rachises 20–90 mm long; longest leaves 6–12 (–20) cm long; flower buds rich rusty brown; upper surface of leaf with lateral veins pale, strongly evidentLongest floral rachises 6–25 mm long; longest leaves 2–5 (–7) cm long; flower buds rusty brown, red to pink, or green; upper surface of leaf with lateral veins obscure or weakly evidentLeaves narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-ovate, with widest leaves 5–11 mm wide; unit conflorescence usually with ≤ 6 flowers; perianth and style green; longest floral rachises 6–12 mm long; stigma a very prominent beak c. 1 mm longLeaves elliptic to ovate or narrowly so, with widest leaves 8–30 mm wide; unit conflorescence usually with > 6 flowers; perianth and style brown, lilac, yellow, white, apricot, pink or red; longest floral rachises 10–35 mm long; stigma a convex bossNew vegetative growth usually strongly flushed pink or purplish pink (rarely green); pollen-presenter usually strongly ventrally concave in cross-section; branchlets tomentose to subvillous (spreading hairs)New vegetative growth green; pollen-presenter usually flat in cross-section; branchlets subsericeous (appressed hairs) or occasionally weakly tomentose (ascending hairs)Inner surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only ±opposite the ovaryInner surface of perianth with a distinct, scanty to profuse beard ±opposite the ovaryLower surface of leaf with hairs of a similar density on midvein and lamina; midvein either not evident between hairs, or prominent only in lower half of leafLower surface of leaf with hairs less dense on midvein than on lamina, or midvein glabrous; midvein evident and prominent over full length of leafLeaves mostly elliptic to narrowly so, straight, (1.2–) 2–6.5 mm wide; prostrate or very low spreading shrub ≤ 0.4 m tallLeaves ±linear, often gently curved, 0.6–2 (–3) mm wide; erect to prostrate shrub 0.3–1.0 m tallUpper leaf surface often minutely scabrid on and between veins; leaves 0.6–1.0 (–1.5) mm wideUpper leaf surface ±smooth, usually faintly graniculate on veins only; leaves 1–3 mm wideTepals remaining coherent over basal 1/3–1/2 after release of style-end, independently recoiled or recurved above on either side of pistil, with ventral pair more strongly recoiled than dorsal pair; hairs on inner surface of perianth not displayed; pollen-presenter lateral on style or almost soTepals all separating to level of ovary or below after release of style-end, all held with a ±180º arc ventral to the pistil; hairs on inner surface of perianth usually displayed; pollen-presenter oblique on styleUpper surface of leaf either granulose to scabrid, or with a tangible velvety indumentum; lower leaf surface velutinous to villous (long ±spreading hairs)Upper surface of leaf smooth, either glabrous or with ±appressed hairs, lacking a velvety feel; lower leaf surface sericeous or subsericeous or occasionally shortly tomentoseLeaves granulose to scabrid above; perianth monochromatic, red to pinkish red (southern N.S.W., north-eastern Vic.)Leaves velvety above, not granulose to scabrid beneath hairs; perianth bichromatic, green at base, red above (north-eastern N.S.W., south-eastern Qld)Longest leaves ≤ 2 cm long; conflorescence on strongly decurved to pendulous peduncle; flower buds with a dense rusty brown indumentum all over; pistils 10–11 mm longLongest leaves 2.5–14 cm long; conflorescence erect to decurved or pendulous; flower buds pink to red, lacking dense brown indumentum except sometimes on the limb; pistils 12–20 mm longBranchlets tomentose to subvillous (spreading hairs); conflorescence terminal or axillary; floral rachis 5–25 mm long (southern N.S.W.)Branchlets sericeous (closely appressed hairs); conflorescence axillary or cauline, rarely a few terminal; floral rachis 2–5 mm long (Qld)Unit conflorescence ±regular-umbelloid (open flowers arranged in full 360º about rachis), or a loose irregular cluster (sometimes 4–6-flowered) cluster of indeterminate structureUnit conflorescence secund, sometimes shortly and broadly so and appearing subglobose, but all styles of open flowers held within a 180º arc when viewed along rachis (bud sometimes held below this arc)Leaf lower surface glabrous or openly to sparsely hairy on either side of midvein (ground tissue visible between hairs)Leaf lower surface with a ±dense indumentum on either side of midvein (ground tissue not visible between hairs)Follicles with faint longitudinal ridges (south-western W.A.)Follicles lacking longitudinal ridges, colliculose (south-eastern Qld)Leaves narrowly obovate with an obtuse or emarginate apexLeaves linear, elliptic or lanceolate, with a ±acute apexLeaves with upper surface minutely pitted, 5–7-veined, 1.5–6 cm long; conflorescences on very short axillary branchlets (appearing axillary), aggregated subterminally on major branches (S.A.)Leaves with upper surface not pitted, 1–3-veined, 1.5–3.5 cm long; conflorescences terminal on main or lateral branchlets, not appearing axillary, not subterminally aggregated (N.S.W.)Leaves with upper surface minutely pitted (S.A.)Leaves with upper surface not pitted (N.S.W., Vic.)Inner surface of perianth with a scanty beard of very short hairs; leaves often gently curved (central Vic.)Inner surface of perianth with a profuse beard; leaves ±straight (N.S.W., far eastern Vic.)Pistil 7–8.5 mm long; leaves not crowded; conflorescence often pedunculate, sometimes subsessile; leaves 1–5 cm long, 1–3 mm widePistil 6.5–7 mm long; leaves usually very crowded; conflorescence sessile; leaves 0.8–2.5 (–3) cm long, 0.8–1.4 mm wideLeaves ±rigid, pungentLeaves pliable, not pungentLeaves 0.2–1.3 mm wide; hairs of branchlets, leaves, and perianth dull, not sparkling under strong light; young flower buds deep rusty brown in colour (hairs)Leaves 1.5–10 mm wide; hairs of branchlets, leaves, and perianth sparkling under strong light; young flower buds silver and fawn (hairs)Late flower buds subvillous to villous, especially on limb (hairs ascending to spreading); unit conflorescence often very dense and appearing almost globose, actually usually broadly secund, sometimes pendulous, sometimes held on or near the groundLate flower buds sericeous including on limb (hairs appressed); unit conflorescences various (dense to loose, secund to broadly so or appearing subglobose, pendulous or not, close to ground or not)Leaves pungent, conspicuously 3-veined, often twisting on drying; perianth with both biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs on outer surfaceLeaves not or scarcely pungent, not conspicuously 3-veined, remaining straight on drying; perianth with biramous hairs only on outer surfaceLeaves linear, 6–17 cm long; unit conflorescence secund, not dense or subglobose; perianth and style mauve-pinkLeaves narrowly elliptic to oblong or slightly obovate, or ovate to triangular, 0.5–9 cm long; unit conflorescence densely and broadly secund, often appearing subglobose; perianth deep maroon or blackish red, rarely white; style red, rarely greenish whiteLimb of bud with a dark rusty brown indumentum; nectary shortly linguiform, projecting clearly over the toral rimLimb of bud with a pale indumentum (sometimes a few light brown hairs); nectary arcuate, scarcely emergent above toral rimUnit conflorescence dense, broadly secund (often appearing subglobose), often pendulous or sometimes held on or near the ground; flowers red to deep maroonUnit conflorescence loose to dense, secund or broadly so (but not appearing subglobose), not pendulous; flowers white to cream or greenish yellow, or pinkLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum, ground tissue visible between hairsLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein with a ±dense indumentum, ground tissue not visible between hairsHairs of leaves and branchlets matt, not sparkling under strong lightHairs of leaves and branchlets sparkling under strong lightLow erect to spreading shrub to 1 m tall; leaves ascending, usually solitary, occasionally a few clusters of 3; branchlets brownish to green; flowers pink or whiteErect open shrub 0.5–2 m tall; leaves ±spreading, usually in well-spaced clusters of 3–5; branchlets reddish; flowers white (style sometimes pink with age)Weakly erect to almost prostrate shrub 0.2–1 m tall; branchlets short, stiff, brownish; leaves often crowded but not in clusters; perianth and style pale to deep pink (south-eastern Qld)Erect open virgate shrub 0.5–2 m tall; branchlets long, flexible, reddish; leaves usually in well-spaced clusters of 3–5; perianth and style white (style sometimes pink with age) (mid-coastal N.S.W.)Largest conflorescences with > 30 flowers (subterminal axillary 2-flowered conflorescences sometimes also present), very dense; flowers reddish purple or rich mauve; papilloid hairs of the style-end extending 1–6 mm down style (Grampians area, Vic.)Largest conflorescences with < 24 flowers, dense to loose; flowers (after anthesis) white or pale to deep pink or mauve, rarely styles yellowish or mauve; papilloid hairs of the style-end extending no more than 1 mm below tipStyles (fresh) lemony yellow or yellow-green; perianth greenish becoming white after anthesis (montane habitats of northern N.S.W. Styles (fresh) white or pink; perianth white or pink to mauve after anthesis (coastal to montane N.S.W. Leaves pungent, usually ±rigidLeaves not or scarcely pungent, pliableErect shrubs 1–3 m tall; flowers white or very pale pink; leaves not crowdedLow spreading to weakly erect shrubs 0.2–1.3 m tall; flowers white or pale to deep pink; leaves crowded or notPistils 7–13 mm long; early buds pale with a fawn-brown tip; leaves 3.5–11 cm long, 1–5 mm wide, light green; stipe of ovary 1.3–1.5 mm long; shrub, not rhizomatousPistils 4–8 mm long; early buds with dense rusty brown hairs all over; leaves 1.5–5 cm long, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, dark green; stipe of ovary ≤ 1.2 mm long; rhizomatous shrubLeaves ≥ 1.5 mm wide, variously sublinear or narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate; hairs of branchlets and leaves sparkling under strong light or matt; conflorescence with 10–24 flowers; early buds usually silver-grey with a fawn limb, rarely brown all over (coastal, from L. Macquarie, N.S.W., to south-eastern Qld)Leaves ≤ 1.3 mm wide, linear or very slightly oblanceolate; hairs of branchlets and leaves matt; conflorescence usually with 6–14 flowers; early buds rusty brown all over (Mossvale to lower Hunter, N.S.W.)All leaves entireSome or all leaves toothed or dividedPistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils < 10 mm longUnit conflorescences regular-umbelloid or ±secundUnit conflorescences cylindricalUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Inner surface of perianth glabrousLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalTepals separating and independently recoiled, not forming a ventral platformTepals flaring open whilst remaining connate at the tips, to display the inner surfaces, and forming a circular platform held ventral to the styleAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseLeaves secund, 3–7 cm long, with 9–31 very regular, mutually aligned, simple ±oblong lobes; floral rachis 5–13 mm longLeaves secund or not, 3–29 cm long, with often irregular toothing or lobing (secondary and tertiary division sometimes present); lobes often divaricate; ultimate lobes often triangular; floral rachis 30–50 mm longUnit conflorescences very regular-umbelloid, with styles arching inwards towards the rachis apexUnit conflorescences various, not umbelloidAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseOvary (and fruit) with prominent ridges or peaksOvary smooth; fruit smooth or faintly colliculosePistils < 40 mm long, or peduncles flattened and flexuose, or torus reversely oblique (the ventral rim higher in side view than the dorsal rim), or peduncles trailing on ground beyond foliage, or leaves rotund and stem-clasping, forming a shallow funnelNot conforming in respect of pistil length or peduncles or torus or leavesPistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateOuter surface of perianth with biramous non-glandular only (usually appressed)Outer surface of perianth with both biramous and simple erect glandular hairsLeaves ±broadly cruciform or panduriform (±fiddle-shaped) with basal lobes stem-claspingLeaves shaped otherwise, with basal lobes usually not stem-claspingSome or all leaves with secondary divisionAll leaves either entire, or with primary lobing or toothing onlyBranchlets glabrous or with appressed hairsBranchlets with a dense to open untidy indumentum of ±spreading hairsLeaf lobes very divaricate (spreading at 45º–90º), rigid, ±pungent; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal nodeLeaf lobes not or only weakly divaricate, strongly ascending (diverging at < 45º from subtending internodes), pliable, not or scarcely pungent; leaf rachis straight or often gently upcurved towards tipLeaf lobes 1.5–5 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly exposed, glabrous; pistil 29–35 mm longLeaf lobes 0.8–1.1 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly enclosed by angularly revolute margins, where exposed loosely sericeous; pistil 20–22 mm longUnit conflorescence basipetal, subglobose or subsecund, usually ±erect (occasionally pendulous); ultimate leaf lobes ±spreading (not mutually aligned), curved, 0.3–0.7 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (dorsal to ventral edge)Unit conflorescence acropetal, strongly secund, usually strongly deflexed to pendulous; ultimate leaf lobes ±strongly ascending, ±straight, mutually aligned, usually ≥ 0.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.2–1.4 mm longLeaf lobes ±rigid, divaricate, pungent-pointed; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal node; pistil 20–22 mm longLeaf lobes pliable, not or scarcely divaricate, not pungent-pointed; leaf rachis ±straight or gently upcurved towards apex; pistil 22–28 mm longPlants ±prostrate with trailing stems; upper leaf surface with a ±persistent open-pilose indumentum; pistil 22–24 mm long; follicle very rugose, with two conspicuous transverse ridges just above base and 2–4 strong ±longitudinal ridges running from the distal one towards the apexPlants mounded to spreading or erect shrubs; upper leaf surface with a loose pilose or pubescent to villous indumentum when young, this usually soon mostly or wholly lost; pistil 25–28 mm long; follicle usually with a transverse ridge or bulge just above base, otherwise almost smooth or minutely rugose, or with a single obscure subdorsal ridge on each sideUltimate leaf lobes ±closely mutually aligned; limb of bud glabrous; floral rachis 18–30 mm long, glabrous or sparsely tomentoseUltimate leaf lobes ±divergent; limb of bud glabrous or hairy; floral rachis 8–15 mm long, open-tomentoseLeaves obovate-cuneate to obtrullate, usually with 3–7 triangular teeth or lobes near apex; upper leaf surface usually with reticulum prominentLeaves not obovate-cuneate to obtrullate; lobes or teeth (if present) not triangular (usually linear), not crowded near apex; upper leaf surface with venation not raised and reticulum not evidentUpper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, usually conspicuously punctate (pitted); branchlets and upper surface of young leaves villous (long spreading hairs) or pubescent (short ascending to spreading hairs)Upper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, not punctate or only obscurely so; branchlets and upper surface of young leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs or pubescentAll leaves dividedSome or all leaves entireLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 40 mm long; floral rachis usually 35–60 mm longLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 30 mm long; floral rachis 5–20 (–30) mm longLower surface of leaf and lobes usually narrowly exposed between midvein and the smoothly revolute margins over some or all of the leaf's lengthLower surface of leaf and lobes concealed, the angularly to smoothly revolute margins tightly rolled against the midveinRobust shrub usually 2–3 m high; branchlets densely pubescent (short spreading hairs); pistil 20–25 mm long; leaf lobes 0.5–2 (–3) mm wide, flat, linearLow spreading shrub to c. 1.5 m high; branchlets with a sparse appressed indumentum, or glabrous; pistil 24–28 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.5 mm wide, filiformOuter surface of perianth and floral rachis ±densely tomentose; entire leaves 5–17 mm wideOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only on limb; floral rachis glabrous, subsericeous or tomentose; entire leaves ≤ 9 mm wideWidest entire leaves > 5 mm wideWidest entire leaves < 5 mm wideUnit conflorescence weakly acropetal to subsynchronous; leaves to 9 mm wide; pistil 26–27 mm long; lower leaf surface densely sericeous on young leaves, soon becoming sparsely sericeous or glabrousUnit conflorescence basipetal; leaves < 6 mm wide; pistil 20–24 mm long; lower leaf surface remaining densely sericeousLeaves and lobes usually with lower surface on either side of midvein concealed by revolute margins (if lamina exposed then longest leaves ≥ 4 cm long)Leaves and lobes of some or all leaves with lower surface at least partly exposed on either side of midvein; leaves ≤ 4.5 cm longBranchlets with a dense short indumentum of ±spreading hairsBranchlets glabrous or appressed-sericeous, or with an open indumentum of weakly ascending hairsAll leaves entire; upper leaf surface with midvein usually clearly evident as a pale strip; leaves 1.5–4 mm wide; non-lignotuberous shrubUsually at least a few leaves divided (occasionally all entire); upper leaf surface with midvein not or scarcely evident (sometimes a faint channel only); entire leaves 1–2 mm wide; lignotuberous shrubPistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateUnit conflorescences secund, or short irregular clusters; ultimate floral rachises 10–50 (–110) mm long; shrubs or small trees of monsoon tropics or south-western AustraliaUnit conflorescences cylindrical; ultimate floral rachises 90–220 mm long; rainforest tree of eastern AustraliaLeaves dorsiventral with surfaces dissimilar, if terete then lacking multiple groovesLeaves unifacial (adaxial surface reduced to a narrow usually pale dorsal stripe or ridge along upper edge; most of leaf made up of the expanded abaxial midvein) and vertically inserted on stem, or leaves dorsiventral with both faces similar, or terete with multiple groovesPerianth glabrous on outer surfacePerianth with hairs (sometimes few) on outer surfaceConflorescences simple, decurved to pendulous; pollen-presenter an erect narrow coneConflorescences erect, if branched then branches spreading or erect; pollen-presenter an erect to oblique broad coneLeaves entire, narrowly elliptic and incurved or obovate to subspathulate, rarely subrotundLeaves entire and linear to strap-like, or divided with subterete to linear lobesLeaves smooth or with a single dorsal ridge or planar edgeLeaves with numerous longitudinal ridges or striationsLeaves < 1.5 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 35–60 mm long; pistil 3–6 mm long; follicle 5–8.5 mm long; bushy shrubs (SW of W.A.)Leaves 2–15 mm wide; ultimate floral rachis 50–80 mm long; pistil 6–10 mm long; follicle 13–21 mm long; tall spindly shrub or tree (semiarid zone of all mainland states except Vic.)Pedicels, outer surface of perianth, stipe and ovary all loosely villousPedicels and outer surface of perianth subsericeous or glabrous; stipe and ovary glabrousLeaf margins flat to slightly recurved, thickenedLeaf margins incurved to involute, not thickenedEither some or all leaves divided, or all leaves entire and then subterete or linear to strap-likeLeaves all simple and entire, elliptic to obovate or subspathulate, sometimes falcate, not linear or strap-likeStipe of ovary clearly less than half length of style; branchlets slender; leaf bases and leaf scars < 2 mm across (southern arid Australia)Stipe of ovary at least half length of style; branchlets stout; leaf bases and leaf scars > 2 mm across (monsoon tropics)Leaves usually 15–30 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear to narrowly obovate, 0.6–21 mm broad; almost smooth but with very fine straight wrinkles, glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum of appressed hairs; branchlets usually dull brownishLeaves usually 25–50 cm long; simple leaves or lobes flat-linear or subterete, < 2 mm broad, with deep, short, often wavy wrinkles, glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs; branchlets usually orange to reddishPerianth with 3 tepalsPerianth with 4 tepalsPistils 16–21 mm longPistils ≤ 13 mm longLeaves ≤ 5 cm longLeaves mostly ≥ 7 cm longConflorescence with 10–20 branches; follicle viscid, granulate, not ridged, with a distinct ventral lip along each valveConflorescence simple or 2-branched; follicle not viscid, heavily rugose to muricate; valves lacking lip along ventral edgeUltimate peduncles usually with black triangular 'buttress' bases; leaves unifacial, glabrous or sparsely sericeous with hairs dull, mostly 15–40 cm long, 6–50 mm broad; follicle viscid; shrub to tree 2–10 m tallUltimate peduncles terete at base; leaves dorsiventral, densely sericeous with sparkling hairs, 8–13 cm long, 20–30 mm wide; follicle not viscid; shrub 1–2 m tallSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves elliptic to obovate or triangular; leaf margins flat to slightly recurved or involute; leaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposedSimple leaves or ultimate lobes of divided leaves linear to strap-like or subterete; margins recurved to revolute, lower surface often enclosed on either side of midvein (and then lower surface 2-grooved)Leaf margins incurved to involute; pistil 3–6 mm longLeaf margins flat to recurved or revolute; pistil 9–26 mm longFloral rachis ≤ 20 mm long; leaves entire, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovateFloral rachis > 30 mm long; leaves divided, or entire and variously shapedVeins on leaf lower surface ±parallel; pistil 13–26 mm longVeins on leaf lower surface penninerved; pistil 9–16 mm longPistils 13–16 mm long; conflorescence simple or rarely few-branched; pericarp > 1.5 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface with silvery grey indumentumPistils 9–14 mm long; conflorescence usually 5–16-branched; pericarp < 1 mm across at suture; leaf lower surface indumentum usually rusty brown, rarely silver greyNectary annular and pistil ≥ 25 mm longNectary either not annular (arcuate to U-shaped or linguiform), or annular and then pistil < 20 mm longLeaf rachis refracted at each node; branchlets glabrousLeaf rachis ±straight; branchlets hairyPedicels < 4 mm long; peduncles glabrous or with scattered hairs; fruit an indehiscent nut; seed not wingedPedicels > 4 mm long; peduncles very densely pubescent; fruit a dehiscent follicle; seed with a narrow annular membranous wingPistil 33–42 mm longPistil ≤ 26 mm longSimple leaves or lobes with several parallel to subparallel longitudinal veins on lower surfaceSimple leaves or lobes with only 1 longitudinal vein on lower surface, or venation obscureLeaves (and lobes if present) subterete with narrow inconspicuous ridge or flat strip along upper surface; leaf margins not evident and (topographic) lower surface never 2-groovedLeaves and lobes not as above, either with lamina exposed on either side of midvein of lower surface, or with margins revolute to midvein and then lower surface 2-groovedPistil 6–10 mm long; leaves all entire; pollen-presenter erect on style (the base sometimes a little oblique)Pistil 13–26 mm long; leaves entire, or divided with linear lobes; pollen-presenter markedly oblique on stylePerianth outer surface glabrousPerianth outer surface with hairs (sometimes a few only on limb)Lower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed; single-stemmed shrub or small tree 2.5–15 m tallLower surface of leaves with margins tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina; shrub, much branched towards base, 2–4 m tallPollen-presenter a prominent cone or dome; nectary usually annular, sometimes U-shaped; leaf lobes ≤ 1 mm wide; stipe of ovary > 2 mm longPollen-presenter flat to concave; nectary U-shaped; leaf lobes 1.3–2.5 mm wide; stipe of ovary ≤ 2 mm longLower surface of leaves on either side of midvein at least partly exposed and with 1–7 parallel longitudinal veins (monsoon tropics)Lower surface of leaves with margins usually tightly revolute to midvein, concealing lamina, only midvein evident (arid zone)Ovary glabrous; conflorescence usually 5–12 (–20)-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis > 6 cm long; follicle crustaceous with exocarp flaking away soon after maturity to reveal pale mesocarpOvary usually with a few biramous hairs (soon falling); conflorescence 2–6-branched; longest ultimate floral rachis ≤ 6 cm long; follicle bony-textured, with exocarp not flaking awayPistils 6–11 mm long; seed not winged (south-western Australia)Pistils 15–25 mm long; seed winged all around (monsoon tropics)Pistil > 30 mm long; stipe > 8 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Pistil < 30 mm long; stipe ≤ 6 mm long (including portion adnate to torus)Limb segment of each tepal with a conspicuous central longitudinal keel or crest; leaf margins recurved to revolute; follicles thin-walled, crustaceous; seeds narrowly winged; leaf lobes 1–7 mm wide, ±linear; bushy shrubs, often < 1.5 m tall (rarely to 3 m)Limb segment of each tepal smooth or with only a faint central longitudinal keel; leaf margins flat to shortly recurved; follicles thick-walled, bony-textured; seeds very broadly winged; leaf lobes sublinear to elliptic or obovate, 3–60 mm wide; erect slender shrubs or small treesErect shrub or tree to c. 8 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually again divided; ultimate leaf lobes 3–10 mm wide; lobe bases usually not decurrent; flowers red or deep pink, in dry season; leaves finely veined, with most veins similar sizeErect shrub or tree usually < 4 m tall; primary leaf lobes usually entire, 10–40 mm wide; lobe bases decurrent; flowers pink and cream, in wet-season; leaves coarsely veined, with clearly descending orders of vein sizeAll leaves entireMost or all leaves divided or toothedLeaves round or broadly obovate to obcordate, 50–150 mm wideLeaves elliptic or narrowly so to obovate or occasionally sublinear, < 35 mm wideStyle glabrous; conflorescence with 2–6 spreading to recurved or refracted branches; pericarp > 1 mm thickStyle with a sparse indumentum of minute erect hairs; conflorescence simple or if branched then branches ascending, not refracted; pericarp < 1 mm thickFloral rachis ≤ 0.5 cm long; unit conflorescence ≤ 6-flowered; leaf indumentum of spreading hairsFloral rachis 3–5 cm long; unit conflorescence many-flowered; leaf indumentum of appressed hairsUnit conflorescences cylindrical, > 100-flowered; floral rachis 90–220 mm longUnit conflorescences variously shaped, if cylindrical then < 50-flowered and floral rachis ≤ 50 mm longStipe of ovary slender, glabrousStipe of ovary swollen, almost as wide as ovary, with a tuft of hairs at its basePerianth completely glabrous on outer surface (including on limb)Perianth with hairs on outer surface (sometimes few and/or restricted to limb)Pistil < 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longPistil 4–6 mm long, scarcely exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-western Australia.)Pistil 9–11 mm long, clearly exceeding perianth after release of style-end (south-eastern Australia)Leaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein exposed and glabrous or with scattered hairs along the midvein onlyLeaf lower surface with lamina on either side of midvein either enclosed by margins, or if exposed then with hairs on the lamina to either side of midveinStyle loosely villous over at least the lower two-thirds; ovary villous to openly so including on upper halfStyle glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower half only; ovary glabrous or with a tuft of hairs on lower half (and stipe) onlyLeaves narrowly elliptic, acute, ≤ 3 mm wide; inflorescence usually simpleLeaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse, usually > 4 mm wide; inflorescence usually 2–10-branchedStyle loosely tomentose to villous over at least two-thirds of length; ovary villous over whole surfaceStyle glabrous or with scattered erect hairs in basal half; ovary glabrous or with hairs on ventral side near base onlyLeaves strongly ascending, 0.7–3.0 mm wide, smooth or faintly granulose on upper surface; plant not lignotuberous; pistil 15–23 mm longLeaves spreading, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, scabrid on upper surface; plant sometimes lignotuberous; pistil c. 16 mm longPistil ≤ 12 mm longPistil > 12 mm longLeaves dipleural (linear-subterete with a groove along either side)Leaves dorsiventral (with upper and lower surfaces dissimilar)Torus lateral or almost so (toral rim almost co-linear with pedicel), 2–5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, and pistil 7–16 mm long; stipe 2–5 mm long; style-end sometimes bluish (SW of W.A.)Torus either transverse on pedicel to oblique at ≤ c. 60º (toral rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel), 1–3.5 mm long from dorsal edge to ventral, or almost lateral (colinear with pedicel) and then the pistil ≤ 8 mm long; stipe absent or 0.5–2.5 mm long; style-end never bluish (south-western Nectary spreading, sometimes tongue-like, projecting 1–2 mm beyond toral rim; perianth ±ovoid with distinct pouch at base; stipe of ovary usually free for much of length; leaves mostly 1–3 (–6) cm long; style-end never bluishNectary long-U-shaped, scarcely emergent above toral rim; perianth narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal to cuneate, broadest towards middle; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length; leaves 1–16 cm long; style-end sometimes bluishPerianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 10–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLongest ultimate floral rachises 10–45 mm long; unit conflorescences decurved to deflexedLongest ultimate floral rachises ≤ 10 mm long; unit conflorescences erect to decurvedYoung conflorescences with conspicuous bracts concealing buds; floral bracts 2.5–7 mm long, usually persistent at anthesisYoung conflorescences with buds not concealed by bracts; floral bracts inconspicuous, < 2 mm long, usually falling in bud stageStyle clearly exceeding perianth when released, projecting > 3 mm beyond tepalsStyle scarcely exceeding perianth when released, projecting < 2 mm beyond tepalsOvary stipitate; torus oblique at > 45º; pollen-presenter concave (south-western Australia)Ovary sessile; torus oblique at < 45º; pollen-presenter flat to convex (south-eastern Australia)Nectary tongue-like, spreading laterally beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf usually villous (ascending to spreading hairs), rarely subsericeous or glabrousNectary arcuate to reniform, not or scarcely spreading beyond toral rim; lower surface of leaf subsericeous (hairs straight and appressed)Pistil > 10 mm longPistil < 10 mm longPerianth grossly saccate, 4–6 mm widePerianth ventrally dilated at base or not, but not grossly saccate, ≤ 3.5 mm widePedicels 1–4 mm long; outer surface of perianth with an open indumentum; leaf margins usually conspicuously ciliate with hairs 2–4 mm long; most or all leaves with margins shortly recurved and most or all of lower surface exposed; leaf lower surface glabrous or hairyPedicels 3–10 mm long; outer surface of perianth with a dense to open indumentum; leaf margins glabrous, not ciliate; leaves with margins shortly recurved to strongly revolute, sometimes enclosing most or all of leaf lower surface; leaf lower surface always hairyLower leaf surface glabrous; stigma located almost basally on pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 13–18-floweredLower leaf surface with ascending to spreading hairs; stigma usually located near centre of pollen-presenter; unit conflorescences usually 5–8-floweredHairs of leaf lower surface appressed, straight and mutually alignedHairs on leaf lower surface ascending to erect, straight or wavy to curled or irregularly mattedPerianth ±ovoid below limb, broadest at basePerianth ±ellipsoidal below limb, broadest at about middleLeaves 0.5–3.5 cm long, elliptic to suboblong, often plump; most unit conflorescences 2–4-flowered; perianth bearded inside near base; style-end redLeaves mostly 4–9 cm long, narrowly obovate to broadly linear, thin and leathery; most unit conflorescences 8–15-flowered; perianth not bearded inside (narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals only) or with a very scanty beard in throat; style-end yellowLimb of bud sericeous to shortly tomentose (hairs appressed to weakly ascending, < c. 0.5 mm long); inner surface of perianth with a conspicuous dense beard extending well below constricted 'throat' (especially on dorsal tepals); leaves usually < 5 cm long, occasionally to 9 cm; fruit lacking longitudinal ridgesLimb of bud villous (hairs spreading, 0.6–1.0 mm long); inner surface of perianth glabrous except for either a narrow line of hairs near dorsal suture, or a wispy beard in throat; leaves (1.5–) 4–9 cm long; fruit with longitudinal ridgesInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a narrow line of hairs on dorsal tepals adjacent to dorsal suture; perianth red; style-end yellowInner surface of perianth glabrous except for a silky beard in constricted throat; perianth dull yellow-orange; style-end yellowTorus almost lateral (its rim nearly co-linear with the pedicel), and style apex scarcely exceeding perianth (projecting by < 3 mm); pollen-presenter concave; stipe of ovary adnate to dorsal wall of toral cavity for most of length (SW of W.A.)Torus transverse to oblique (its rim clearly not co-linear with pedicel); style clearly exceeding perianth (projecting by ≥ 3 mm); pollen-presenter flat to convex; stipe (if present) usually mostly free (south-western Perianth 7–9 mm long; pedicels usually 6–8 mm longPerianth 11–14 mm long; pedicels usually 3.5–4.5 mm longLeaf lower surface mostly or wholly exposed, and either glabrous or with only a few hairs along midveinLeaf lower surface either concealed by the revolute margins, or exposed and then hairy (hairs not confined to midvein)Outer surface of perianth with hairs restricted to the limb; nectary arcuate, projecting a little above the toral rim but not linguiform, not projecting laterally into perianth pouchOuter surface of perianth tomentose to villous, with hairs not confined to the limb; nectary linguiform, projecting outwards into perianth pouchOvary stipitateOvary sessile or subsessileLeaves linear, the upper surface usually striate with 3–6 longitudinal ridges (sometimes faint); torus strongly oblique and sometimes markedly elongate on dorsal side; all conflorescences axillary or cauline (W.A.)Leaves linear or not, the upper surface lacking longitudinal ridges; torus transverse to oblique, not elongate on dorsal side; conflorescences terminal or axillary (W.A., Qld, N.S.W., Vic.)Leaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (revolute margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Leaf upper surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longLeaf upper surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves usually 3–5 cm long (rarely only 2.5 cm long)Floral bracts persistent at anthesis and mostly ≥ 2 mm wide; perianth persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence dense, subgloboseEither floral bracts caducous or persistent and < 2 mm wide; perianth falling early or (G. floribunda p.p. ) persistent to fruiting stage; conflorescence never dense and subgloboseNectary very conspicuous when perianth removed, linguiform or shovel-like, projecting > 1 mm laterally beyond toral rim into perianth pouchNectary not spreading into perianth-pouch, variously shaped but not linguiform or shovel-like, usually inconspicuousNectary spreading beyond toral rim, ±perpendicular to pedicel; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm long, 1.5–4 (–10) mm wide; floral bracts 0.3–0.8 mm wide, often persistent to late bud; pistil 8–21 mm long; shrub, not usually rhizomatousNectary angled at c. 45º to pedicel; leaves 20–60 mm long, (4–) 7–12 (–18) mm wide; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 mm wide, falling when buds c. 3 mm long; pistil 18–25 mm long; shrub, usually rhizomatousApex of bud (limb) pointed (acute to acuminate or caudate)Apex of bud (limb) rounded-obtuse, depressed or emarginateInner surface of perianth with area above beard bearing a dense to open spreading indumentum (especially on ventral tepals) all the way to the limb segments (N.S.W. south from Blue Mtns)Inner surface of perianth with area above beard glabrous or bearing a sparse appressed indumentum (at least on ventral tepals) (SE Qld and N.S.W. north from Hunter R.)Leaf lower surface with a dense, matted indumentum; fruit not developingLeaf lower surface with sparse to dense indumentum of straight mutually aligned hairs; fruit developingInner perianth beard situated just below curve; perianth prominently saccateInner perianth beard situated near base; perianth oblong with slight basal dilationLeaf lower surface on either side of midvein obscured by a dense even appressed indumentum (ground tissue not visible between hairs); branchlets with ±appressed hairsLeaf lower surface with ground tissue clearly visible between hairs; branchlets with ±spreading hairsLeaves ≤ 2 cm long, obtuse; fruit transverse to pedicel with the style sharply inflexed at base; conflorescence 1–4-floweredLeaves > 2 cm long, acute; fruit erect with erect style; conflorescence ≥ 6-floweredPerianth outer surface with an open to dense indumentum of rusty brown hairs; longest floral rachis usually > 15 mm longPerianth outer surface with hairs mostly or all pale in colour (off-white to fawn or pinkish); longest floral rachis < 15 mm longBroadest leaves > 2.5 mm wide, broadly linear to elliptic, ovate, oblong, obovate or almost round; lower surface of lamina usually partly or wholly exposedBroadest leaves ≤ 2.5 mm wide, linear; lower surface of lamina (sometimes including midvein) usually enclosed by revolute marginsPistil 14–18 mm long (south-eastern Australia)Pistil 18–25 mm long (south-western Australia)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins enclosing leaf lower surface including midvein, or rarely a narrow strip of recessed lamina visible); low procumbent shrub to 0.6 m tallLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent abaxial midrib); robust shrub to c. 2 m tallInner surface of perianth with beard situated in upper half near throatInner surface of perianth with beard situated in basal thirdLongest floral rachis (5–) 10–20 mm long; leaves 40–50 mm longLongest floral rachis 1–5 mm long; leaves 5–20 (–30) mm longHairs of style reddish or brownish coloured (rarely white); nectary ±oblong, thin, with a narrow upper margin, ascending to spreading above or outwards from toral rim; tepal limb segments sometimes with prominent median blunt 'horn' or ridge, or unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±spreading hairs (Vic.)Hairs of style white; nectary cushion-like, thick, lacking a clearly defined upper margin; tepal segments sometimes with median ridge, never an erect blunt 'horn', often unornamented; lower leaf surface with ±appressed hairs (N.S.W.)Nectary extending not more than 1 mm above toral rim; habit not rhizomatous; perianth dull to bright yellowNectary extending more than 1 mm above or outward from toral rim; habit rhizomatous; perianth usually bichromatic red and yellow, or red and white, or apricot and white, rarely monochromatic yellowMost leaves with apical mucro 1–2 mm long; style of fruit often inflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a prominent median keelMost leaves with apical mucro not more than 1 mm long; style of fruit erect or deflexed; limb segment of each tepal with a faint to strong median ridge or keelPollen-presenter ≤ 2 mm long, spherical to obovate-ellipticPollen-presenter > 2 mm long, obovate, elliptic or oblong, with short basal attenuationPollen-presenter convex with inconspicuous stigma; pistil (14–) 18–23 mm long; perianth pink to pinkish red with cream limb, persistent; habit rhizomatousPollen-presenter flat with prominent stigma; pistil 12.5–17.5 mm long; perianth green to cream, caducous; habit lignotuberousLeaf lower surface appressed-sericeous, with upper surface finely granulose (rarely coarsely so); peduncle densely hairy; pistil 21–24 mm long; fruit < 15 mm longLeaf lower surface subvillous, with upper surface coarsely granulose; peduncle glabrous or sparsely hairy; pistil (21–) 25–26 mm long; fruit c. 20 mm longPerianth segments after anthesis cohering except at limb and along dorsal suture, limb segments held loosely together just ventral to style, the tepals not curled back in 2 opposing pairsPerianth segments separating after anthesis over their apical 2/3; dorsal and ventral tepals curled back as independent opposed pairs (ventral tepals curled back further)Pistil ≤ 16 mm longPistil ≥ 18 mm longMost conflorescences terminal (sometimes on short lateral branchlets)All conflorescences axillary or caulineUpper leaf surface longitudinally ridged (SW of W.A.)Upper leaf surface not longitudinally ridged (S.A.)Style loosely villous over most of length; leaves plump-textured with a recurved callous point, spreading, solitary along longer branchletsStyle glabrous or nearly so in distal half; leaves ±flattened and leathery-textured, usually with a straight pungent tip, ascending, usually clustered on short lateral branchletsOvarian stipe > 2 mm longOvarian stipe < 2 mm longLeaf lower surface 2-grooved (margins revolute against sides of prominent midvein)Leaf lower surface 1-grooved (margins fully enclosing whole lower surface, or occasionally with a narrow recessed strip of lamina visible)Upper leaf surface not scabrous; torus c. 1.5 mm across; branchlets not secund; longest leaves usually < 2.5 cm longUpper leaf surface usually scabrous; torus 2–3 mm across; branchlets usually secund; longest leaves (2.5–) 3–7 cm longUpper leaf surface with c. 4 longitudinal ridges or groovesUpper leaf surface without longitudinal ridging or grooves (except raised midvein)Floral rachis and peduncle together ≥ 20 mm longFloral rachis and peduncle together < 10 mm longMost leaves ≥ 4 cm longMost leaves < 4 cm longOuter perianth surface with a spreading indumentum (often densely villous)Outer perianth surface with an appressed indumentum, sometimes tomentose on limb onlyUpper leaf surface faintly granulose; leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 20–23 mm longUpper leaf surface smooth; leaves 0.3–1.8 cm long; pistil 17–22 mm longUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid, with styles all arched in towards the rachis apexUnit conflorescences regular and then ±cylindrical, or secund, or an irregular cluster or 1–4-flowered, or rarely pseudo-umbelloid but then with styles arching outwardPollen-presenter erect, conical; pistil 5–8 mm longPollen-presenter oblique on style, ±discoid, sometimes convex but never conical; pistil 4–15 mm longUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalConflorescences borne on long scapes above foliageConflorescences borne within or close to foliageAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentoseConflorescences borne on long scapes above foliageConflorescences borne within or close to foliageLongest leaves > 15 cm long; ovarian stipe > 2 mm long; follicle > 20 mm longLongest leaves < 15 cm long; ovarian stipe < 2 mm long; follicle < 15 mm longLeaves usually terete (rarely flat), with several fine (sometimes obscure) longitudinal ridges; fruit often with a transverse ridge near middle; floral bracts > 4 mm long; base of ovary bulging retrorsely; unit conflorescences usually enclosed within foliage with peduncles short to absentLeaves usually flat (rarely terete), lacking longitudinal ridges; follicles smooth to faintly warty, lacking a transverse ridge; floral bracts < 4 mm long; base of ovary spreading from stipe, lacking retrorse bulge; unit conflorescences usually exceeding foliage, on short to long primary or secondary pedunclesPistils > 15 mm longPistils ≤ 15 mm longPollen-presenter oblique on style, ±discoid, sometimes convex but never conical; pistil 4–20 mm longPollen-presenter erect, conical; pistil 5–8 mm longUnit conflorescences regular and umbel-like or subglobose, no longer than wideUnit conflorescences longer than wide, either secund, or regular and ovoid to conical or cylindrical (sometimes shortly so) or obconical or obovoidPistil 26–36 mm longPistil ≤ 8 mm longInner surface of perianth sparsely villous; simple leaves or lobes of divided leaves < 2 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblong; leaf lower surface completely enclosed by revolute margins except for midvein; fruit surface muricate-echinateInner surface of perianth glabrous, smooth to papillose; simple leaves, or teeth or lobes of divided leaves, 1–4 mm wide, triangular to ovate or occasionally linear; leaf lower surface usually at least narrowly exposed on either side of midveins; fruit surface almost smoothUnit conflorescences umbelloid, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, often aggregated along branches, enclosed by foliage; leaves of flowering branches usually similar in form to those on vegetative branchesUnit conflorescences subglobose to umbelloid, terminal or near-terminal axillary at upper nodes of branchlets only, often exceeding foliage; leaves of flowering branches smaller and with fewer (or no) teeth relative to those of vegetative branchesEither all leaves simple and entire, or some or all leaves toothed or divided with lobes not divaricateSome or all leaves divided; leaf lobes divaricateUnit conflorescences regular, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first); simple leaves, and lobes of divided leaves, linear to very narrowly oblongUnit conflorescences either secund, or regular and then basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to subsynchronous, ovoid or cylindrical or obovoid in overall shape; simple leaves and leaf lobes variously shapedFloral rachis 6–12 (–24) mm long, villous; unit conflorescences umbelloid to corymbose or rarely conicalFloral rachis 20–100 mm long, glabrous or sparsely subsericeous or villous; unit conflorescences narrowly conical to cylindricalLongest leaves < 4 cm long; floral rachis villousLongest leaves > 4 cm long; floral rachis glabrous or subsericeousLeaves all simple and entire, or with 2 or 3 simple lobesLeaves all pinnatipartite with 3–12 lobes, sometimes with secondary divisionUnit conflorescences secund or secund-obconical, loose; outer surface of perianth hairy or glabrous; flowers pinkUnit conflorescences either regular and cylindrical to shortly so and dense, or secund and dense; outer surface of perianth always glabrous; flowers white to cream or pale yellowLeaves ovate to oblong-elliptic in general outline, reticulum evident below, coarsely dentate to pinnatifid with teeth distributed around margins; unit conflorescences ± secundLeaves variously shaped, reticulum obscure, primary division deep or if shallow then teeth or lobes mainly towards apex; unit conflorescences secund, or regular and cylindricalLeaf rachis strongly flexuose; primary leaf lobes usually > 7; fruit c. 20 mm longLeaf rachis straight or very weakly flexuose; primary lobes ≤ 7; fruit 8–13 mm longUnit conflorescences cylindrical; widest ultimate leaf lobes 2–12 mm wide; pollen-presenter conical, usually lacking a projecting basal flange or rim, if flange present then straight (not cupped), not toothed, and not marginally papilloseUnit conflorescences usually ±strongly secund; widest ultimate leaf lobes ≤ 2 mm wide; pollen-presenter narrowly conical, with a narrow projecting cupped basal flange or rim, its edge slightly toothed and minutely papillosePistils ≤ 9 mm longPistils ≥ 10 mm longPistils 26–36 mm longPistils 10–17 mm longFloral rachises densely villous; fruit surface muricate-echinate; unit conflorescences ovoidFloral rachises glabrous or subsericeous or with an open indumentum of appressed to ascending hairs; fruit surface smooth to rugose or rarely rugose-tuberculate to muricate; unit conflorescences secund or cylindrical to conical or rarely ovoidUnit conflorescences loose, secund-obconical, basipetal (apical flowers opening first); dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud to form a flat platform; flowers pink at anthesisUnit conflorescences dense, either secund or regular and then conical to cylindrical or obconical; dorsal tepals widely everted in late bud, or not; flowers white to cream or pale yellow at anthesisBranchlets densely hairyBranchlets glabrous or with an open to sparse indumentum (ground tissue visible between hairs)Branchlets and floral rachises with spreading hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm longBranchlets and floral rachises with appressed hairs; pedicels 3.5–7 mm longFloral rachises (30–) 40–80 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, cylindricalFloral rachises 15–30 mm long; unit conflorescences often ±secundLeaf margins recurved to shortly revolute, clearly evident; abaxial surface of lamina on either side of midveins exposedLeaf margins tightly revolute, or obscure; lower surface on either side of midveins not exposedPollen-presenter cone with a narrow, cupped basal flange or rim, the margin of the flange slightly toothed and minutely papillose; leaf deeply ternatePollen-presenter cone lacking a basal flange or rim, or flange occasionally (subsp. minyulo ) present but then not cupped, not toothed, and not marginally papillose; leaf deeply 3–7-fid to 3–7-partiteInner surface of perianth glabrousInner surface of perianth with hairs (sometimes inconspicuous and only near base)Longest ultimate leaf lobes > 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±conical, strongly acropetal (basal flowers opening first)Longest ultimate leaf lobes < 3 cm long; unit conflorescences ±cylindrical, weakly basipetal (apical flowers opening first) to weakly acropetalUltimate leaf lobes ±rectangular in cross-section, with 2 grooves on lower surface (one either side of the scarcely prominent abaxial midvein); young branchlets usually glaucousUltimate leaf lobes ±rounded in cross-section, with a lateral groove along each side; abaxial midvein very prominent, making up half or more of leaf thickness; branchlets not usually glaucousPollen-presenter erect on style, conical, 0.6–0.7 mm high; pedicels usually 3.5–5.5 mm long; unit conflorescences regular, conico-cylindrical or rarely ovoidPollen-presenter oblique on style, convex to broadly conical, < 0.5 mm high; pedicels 6–8.5 mm long; unit conflorescences usually secund, occasionally tending conico-cylindricalUnit conflorescences 1–6-floweredUnit conflorescences > 10-floweredStyles exposed but not or scarcely exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and scarcely projecting beyond the perianth after release of style-endStyles exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and projecting well beyond the perianth after release of style-endPistils 4–6 mm long; conflorescences lax; tepals flaring to create a circular platform ventral to the stylePistils 6–15 mm long; conflorescences dense; tepals not flaring widelyFlowers basiscopic; unit conflorescences erect (south-eastern Qld)Flowers acroscopic; unit conflorescences erect or decurved (S.A. and south-western W.A.)Styles exposed but not or scarcely exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and scarcely projecting beyond the perianth after release of style-endStyles exserted from dorsal side of late bud, and projecting well beyond the perianth after release of style-endAdult leaves all entire and linear or subtereteAdult leaves (some or all) toothed or divided, or if all entire then not subterete or linearUnit conflorescences decurved to pendulous; leaves linear (not subterete), 1.7–2.5 mm wide, appearing 5-veined below (lower surface with 3 parallel longitudinal veins flanked by the marginal rolls)Unit conflorescences erect; leaves linear to subterete and then 0.5–2 mm wide with the midvein on the lower surface flanked by 2 grooves, or leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 2–11 mm wide, with lamina of lower surface exposed but with only a single prominent longitudinal veinFloral bracts conspicuous, persistent to flower opening, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaves 2-grooved underneath with no lamina exposed; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts inconspicuous, usually deciduous in early bud stage, linear to triangular, < 3 mm long and < 2 mm wide; leaves either 2-grooved underneath with lamina concealed, or with some or all lamina exposed; style not dilated until the very apexOuter surface of perianth usually with simple erect glandular hairs (sometimes also biramous hairs); follicle 17–21 mm long with a rounded apiculum; pistil 12–17 mm longOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with biramous hairs only; follicle 7–13 mm long, lacking rounded apiculum; pistil 5–13 mm longLeaf margins shortly recurved to loosely revolute; lower leaf surface exposed, sericeous; leaves pliable, dorsiventral and ±flatLeaf margins tightly revolute against abaxial midvein; lower leaf surface enclosed except for midvein or very rarely slightly exposed; leaves ±rigid, dorsiventral with 2 grooves on lower surface, or sometimes subterete-dipleural with a groove along each sideLower leaf surface enclosed by revolute margins, with only midvein visible; leaves divided with ±linear to oblong lobesLower leaf surface exposed on either side of midvein; leaves entire or divided, with lobes or teeth (if present) linear or not linearFloral bracts persistent to flower opening, conspicuous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 7–14 mm long, 5–13 mm wide; leaf segments linear, 1–3 mm wide, 2-grooved beneath; style smoothly dilated for 2–4 mm below pollen-presenterFloral bracts deciduous in early bud, inconspicuous, sublinear, < 1 mm long and < 1 mm wide; leaf segments linear to linear-obovate,1–10 mm wide; style not dilated except at very apexLeaf lobes strongly divaricate, rigid, pungentLeaf lobes not divaricate, pliable, not or scarcely pungentLeaves 3–12 cm long, irregularly 2–7-partite with lobes usually 30–60 mm longLeaves 0.4–1 cm long, regularly and almost palmately 3–6-partite with lobes ≤ 8 mm longLower leaf surface glabrous or with scattered (appressed) hairsLower leaf surface with a conspicuous open to dense indumentum (hairs appressed or not)All leaves deeply divided with 5–11 primary lobes, these again with 3–7 ±triangular teeth or lobes; inflorescences usually borne on emergent erect scapes; fruits with viscid warts; prostrate shrubLeaves entire or some or all toothed or divided, but lacking secondary division; inflorescences borne in or close to the foliage, not on erect scapes; fruits faintly colliculose to almost smooth, not viscid; erect to spreading shrubsPerianth subsericeous to subtomentose outside, bearded and papillose inside; unit conflorescence regularPerianth glabrous outside, densely papillose inside but not bearded; unit conflorescence shortly secundUnit conflorescences secund; indumentum of lower leaf surface open-spreading or appressedUnit conflorescences regular, umbelloid to ovoid or dome-shaped to hemispherical; indumentum of lower leaf surface appressedPistil 4–7 mm long; leaves entire and apically obtuse, to emarginate or apically bilobedPistil 6.5–15 mm long; leaves entire or divided, apically obtuse to acute (never emarginate)Pistil 6.5–9.5 mm long; follicle faintly colliculose to almost smooth; branchlets glabrous or openly (rarely densely) subsericeousPistil 10–15 mm long; follicle markedly rugose; branchlets densely subsericeous to tomentosePistils > 40 mm longPistils 16–40 mm longUnit conflorescences 1–8-floweredUnit conflorescences > 8-floweredOuter surface of perianth with both ±appressed nonglandular biramous hairs and simple erect glandular hairs; ovary and fruits with conspicuous ridges or peaksOuter surface of perianth with both ±appressed nonglandular biramous hairs only, or glabrous; ovary and fruits smooth or with subdued wartsPistil < 25 mm longPistil > 25 mm longAll leaves either entire or with primary division onlyMost leaves with secondary divisionLeaves ≤ 5 mm wide; ovarian stipe 1.3–2.2 mm long; inflorescences often emergent on long trailing branchesLeaves 10–40 mm wide; ovarian stipe 0.5–1.2 mm long; inflorescences never on long emergent trailing branchesAll leaves entire and longest leaves ≥ 5 cm longSome or all leaves either divided, or entire and then ≤ 4 cm longSome or all leaves pinnatisect (sometimes lower lobes with secondary division); leaf lobes not divaricate (primary lobes on either side of leaf rachis ±mutually aligned)Leaves either not pinnatisect or if so, then leaf lobes divaricateMost floral rachises ≤ 5 mm long; conflorescence spreading to decurved; leaves dentate to pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes < 25 mm long (and usually < 20 mm)Most floral rachises > 5 mm long; conflorescence ±erect or spreading or decurved; leaves pinnatipartite; longest leaf lobes > 20 mm long (and usually > 25 mm)Most leaves of non-flowering branches with < 10 primary lobes; conflorescence usually on short peduncle, borne within leavesMost leaves of non-flowering branches with > 10 primary lobes; conflorescence often on long peduncle projecting beyond foliage (sometimes trailing on ground)Leaves divaricately lobedLeaves not divaricately lobedLeaf lobes ≤ 1.4 mm wide; leaf margins smoothly revolute; leaves sometimes with secondary division; conflorescence usually pedunculate and branchedLeaf lobes 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf margins refracted; leaves with primary division only; conflorescence usually sessile or almost so and unbranchedPistil > 45 mm long; conflorescence subsessilePistil < 40 mm long; conflorescence pedunculateOuter perianth surface glabrousOuter perianth surface hairyTorus > 4 mm acrossTorus < 3 mm acrossPerianth limb 2.5–3 mm wide; fruit 6–7 mm wide; upper surface of leaves punctate with prominent midvein; nectary very conspicuous, rising > 0.5 mm above toral rimPerianth limb 2–2.2 (–2.5) mm wide; fruit 3–5 mm wide; upper surface of leaves rarely punctate, with midvein usually obscure (rarely evident to raised); nectary obscure to prominent, rising 0.2–0.5 mm above toral rimLeaves oblong-elliptic or very slightly obovate, obtuse, mucronate; upper surface convex, lacking ribs parallel to midvein; lamina of lower surface exposedLeaves linear, acute; upper surface flat with prominent ribs parallel to midvein; lamina of lower surface obscured by marginsLeaf lower surface exposed on either side of midvein; widest leaves usually > 2 mm wide, narrowly obovate or narrowly oblanceolate to sublinearLeaf lower surface enclosed by the revolute margins except for midvein; widest leaves ≤ 2 mm wide, linearOuter perianth surface densely brown-silky; upper leaf surface prominently veined; most leaves > 5 cm long; leaf margins angularly revoluteOuter perianth surface sparsely white-silky; upper leaf surface smooth or with a few discontinuous ridges; most leaves < 5 cm long; leaf margins smoothly revoluteFlowers basiscopic; unit conflorescences erect; leaves 7–40 mm wide (south-eastern Qld)Flowers acroscopic; unit conflorescences usually decurved, occasionally erect; leaves 1–10 mm wide (south-western W.A.)Leaves ±broadly cruciform or panduriform (±fiddle-shaped) with basal lobes stem-claspingLeaves shaped otherwise, with basal lobes usually not stem-claspingSome or all leaves with secondary divisionAll leaves either entire, or with primary lobing or toothing onlyBranchlets glabrous or with appressed hairsBranchlets with a dense to open untidy indumentum of ±spreading hairsLeaf lobes very divaricate (spreading at 45º–90º), rigid, ±pungent; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal nodeLeaf lobes not or only weakly divaricate, strongly ascending (diverging at < 45º from subtending internodes), pliable, not or scarcely pungent; leaf rachis straight or often gently upcurved towards tipLeaf lobes 1.5–5 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly exposed, glabrous; pistil 29–35 mm longLeaf lobes 0.8–1.1 mm wide; lower leaf surface mostly enclosed by angularly revolute margins, where exposed loosely sericeous; pistil 20–22 mm longUnit conflorescence basipetal, subglobose or subsecund, usually ±erect (occasionally pendulous); ultimate leaf lobes ±spreading (not mutually aligned), curved, 0.3–0.7 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (dorsal to ventral edge)Unit conflorescence acropetal, strongly secund, usually strongly deflexed to pendulous; ultimate leaf lobes ±strongly ascending, ±straight, mutually aligned, usually ≥ 0.8 mm wide; pollen-presenter 1.2–1.4 mm longLeaf lobes ±rigid, divaricate, pungent-pointed; leaf rachis usually deflexed at first and/or terminal node; pistil 20–22 mm longLeaf lobes pliable, not or scarcely divaricate, not pungent-pointed; leaf rachis ±straight or gently upcurved towards apex; pistil 22–28 mm longPlants ±prostrate with trailing stems; upper leaf surface with a ±persistent open-pilose indumentum; pistil 22–24 mm long; follicle very rugose, with two conspicuous transverse ridges just above base and 2–4 strong ±longitudinal ridges running from the distal one towards the apexPlants mounded to spreading or erect shrubs; upper leaf surface with a loose pilose or pubescent to villous indumentum when young, this usually soon mostly or wholly lost; pistil 25–28 mm long; follicle usually with a transverse ridge or bulge just above base, otherwise almost smooth or minutely rugose, or with a single obscure subdorsal ridge on each sideUltimate leaf lobes ±closely mutually aligned; limb of bud glabrous; floral rachis 18–30 mm long, glabrous or sparsely tomentoseUltimate leaf lobes ±divergent; limb of bud glabrous or hairy; floral rachis 8–15 mm long, open-tomentoseLeaves obovate-cuneate to obtrullate, usually with 3–7 triangular teeth or lobes near apex; upper leaf surface usually with reticulum prominentLeaves not obovate-cuneate to obtrullate; lobes or teeth (if present) not triangular (usually linear), not crowded near apex; upper leaf surface with venation not raised and reticulum not evidentUpper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, usually conspicuously punctate (pitted); branchlets and upper surface of young leaves villous (long spreading hairs) or pubescent (short ascending to spreading hairs)Upper leaf surface, and midvein of lower surface, not punctate or only obscurely so; branchlets and upper surface of young leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs or pubescentAll leaves dividedSome or all leaves entireLongest ultimate leaf lobes > 40 mm long; floral rachis usually 35–60 mm longLongest ultimate leaf lobes < 30 mm long; floral rachis 5–20 (–30) mm longLower surface of leaf and lobes usually narrowly exposed between midvein and the smoothly revolute margins over some or all of the leaf's lengthLower surface of leaf and lobes concealed, the angularly to smoothly revolute margins tightly rolled against the midveinRobust shrub usually 2–3 m high; branchlets densely pubescent (short spreading hairs); pistil 20–25 mm long; leaf lobes 0.5–2 (–3) mm wide, flat, linearLow spreading shrub to c. 1.5 m high; branchlets with a sparse appressed indumentum, or glabrous; pistil 24–28 mm long; leaf lobes c. 0.5 mm wide, filiformOuter surface of perianth and floral rachis ±densely tomentose; entire leaves 5–17 mm wideOuter surface of perianth glabrous or with a few hairs only on limb; floral rachis glabrous, subsericeous or tomentose; entire leaves ≤ 9 mm wideWidest entire leaves > 5 mm wideWidest entire leaves < 5 mm wideUnit conflorescence weakly acropetal to subsynchronous; leaves to 9 mm wide; pistil 26–27 mm long; lower leaf surface densely sericeous on young leaves, soon becoming sparsely sericeous or glabrousUnit conflorescence basipetal; leaves < 6 mm wide; pistil 20–24 mm long; lower leaf surface remaining densely sericeousLeaves and lobes usually with lower surface on either side of midvein concealed by revolute margins (if lamina exposed then longest leaves ≥ 4 cm long)Leaves and lobes of some or all leaves with lower surface at least partly exposed on either side of midvein; leaves ≤ 4.5 cm longBranchlets with a dense short indumentum of ±spreading hairsBranchlets glabrous or appressed-sericeous, or with an open indumentum of weakly ascending hairsAll leaves entire; upper leaf surface with midvein usually clearly evident as a pale strip; leaves 1.5–4 mm wide; non-lignotuberous shrubUsually at least a few leaves divided (occasionally all entire); upper leaf surface with midvein not or scarcely evident (sometimes a faint channel only); entire leaves 1–2 mm wide; lignotuberous shrub