1	"Stamens lacking a coronal appendage; pollen grains single"	2
1	"Stamens mostly with a coronal appendage; pollen grains cohering in tetrads or pollinia"	24
2	"Stems with spines"	Carissa
2	"Stems without spines"	3
3	"Stems twining"	4
3	"Stems erect or scrambling, but not twining"	10
4	"Fruit indehiscent, a fleshy drupe or berry; seeds ecomose"	5
4	"Fruit dehiscent, a follicle or capsule; seeds comose"	6
5	"Corolline corona present; fruit non-articulated"	Melodinus
5	"Corolline corona absent; fruit moniliform, comprising 1-3 articles"	Alyxia
6	"Inflorescence a raceme; branchlets with a ring of colleters at each node; corolla funnel-shaped"	Mandevilla
6	"Inflorescence not a raceme; branchlets without a ring of colleters at nodes; corolla shape various"	7
7	"Stamens fully or partially exserted from tube"	Parsonsia
7	"Stamens included in tube"	8
8	"Flowers 60-70 mm long"	"Chonemorpha {Chonemorpha fragrans}"
8	"Flowers less than 20 mm long"	9
9	"Fruit of 2 woody follicles; corolla salverform; corolla tube slightly constricted about stamens and slightly narrower above"	Ichnocarpus
9	"Fruit a capsule; corolla usually not salverform; corolla tube not constricted about stamens"	Parsonsia
10	"Fruit dehiscent"	11
10	"Fruit indehiscent"	17
11	Herbs	12
11	"Shrubs or vines"	13
12	"Stems stoloniferous; corolla lilac-blue to white"	Vinca
12	"Stems not stoloniferous; corolla white or pink or white with red eye"	"Catharanthus {Catharanthus roseus}"
13	"Corolla with corolline corona of lobes at tube mouth"	14
13	"Corolla without corolline corona of lobes at tube mouth"	15
14	"Corolla lobes dextrorse in bud"	"Nerium {Nerium oleander}"
14	"Corolla lobes sinistrorse in bud"	Wrightia
15	"Flowers 80-110 mm long; fruit a capsule with long soft spines"	Allamanda
15	"Flowers 3-11 mm long; fruit a follicle without spines"	16
16	"Fruit woody; follicle fusiform"	Alstonia
16	"Fruit fleshy; follicle obliquely ellipsoidal"	Tabernaemontana
17	"Leaf lamina base with colleters"	"Rauvolfia {Rauvolfia tetraphylla}"
17	"Leaf lamina base without colleters"	18
18	"Corolla funnel-shaped; fruit pyriform"	"Cascabela {Cascabela thevetia}"
18	"Corolla ±salverform; fruit not pyriform"	19
19	"Disc present at style-base"	20
19	"Disc absent at style-base"	22
20	"Corolla lobes sinistrorse in bud"	"Voacanga {Voacanga grandiflora}"
20	"Corolla lobes dextrorse in bud"	21
21	"Corolla tube contracted at top above stamens; fruit without ventral wing"	Neisosperma
21	"Corolla tube expanded at top above stamens; fruit with ventral wing"	"Kopsia {Kopsia arborea}"
22	"Corolla lobes dextrorse in bud"	Ochrosia
22	"Corolla lobes sinistrorse in bud"	23
23	"Anthers with introrse dehiscence; fruit moniliform. with 1-several articles"	Alyxia
23	"Anthers with lateral to sublateral dehiscence; fruit apically winged"	Cerbera
24	"Anthers 4-locular; pollen tetrads rectangular or T-shaped"	25
24	"Anthers 2-locular; pollen in linear tetrads"	29
25	"Pollen contained within closed sacs (pollinia) adhering to translator; translator with hardened but not sticky end [trib. Secamoneae]"	Secamone
25	"Pollen loose on spoon-shaped receptacle or translator; translator with sticky end which adheres to pollinator, [trib. Periploceae]"	26
26	"Corolla salverform"	27
26	"Corolla rotate"	28
27	"Corolline corona lobes pointed or forked; corolla tube funnel-shaped"	Cryptostegia
27	"Corolline corona lobes broad, cusped or toothed; corolla tube cylindrical"	Gymnanthera
28	"Annular corona present, of raised tissue at base of stamens; gynostegial corona absent"	"Phyllanthera {Phyllanthera grayi}"
28	"Annular corona absent; gynostegial corona of 5 filiform-subulate staminal lobes adnate to stamens present"	"Finlaysonia {Finlaysonia obovata}"
29	"Pollinia pendulous in each anther locule [trib. Asclepiadeae]"	30
29	"Pollinia erect to horizontal in each anther locule"	39
30	"Large woody shrubs or small trees"	Calotropis
30	"Herbs, shrubs or vines"	31
31	"Flowers salverform"	32
31	"Flowers rotate to campanulate"	33
32	"Corolla cream to slightly pinkish; corolline corona of 5 discrete lobes present; gynostegial corona absent"	"Araujia {Araujia sericifera}"
32	"Corolla blue to purple; corolline corona absent gynostegial corona of 5 lobes forming a tube present"	"Oxypetalum {Oxypetalum coeruleum}"
33	"Gynostegial corona of 5 staminal lobes only"	34
33	"Gynostegial corona of interstaminal and staminal parts"	37
34	"Herbs or woody or herbaceous twiners"	35
34	"Small shrubs"	36
35	"Staminal corona lobes lacking conspicuous basal hump"	Cynanchum
35	"Staminal corona lobes with conspicuous basal hump"	Rhyncharrhena
36	"Staminal corona lobes with adaxial appendages"	"Asclepias {Asclepias curassavica}"
36	"Staminal corona lobes lacking adaxial appendages"	Gomphocarpus
37	"Gynostegial corona of highly fused staminal and interstaminal parts, proximal staminal corona parts lacking"	Cynanchum
37	"Gynostegial corona of connate ring of staminal and interstaminal parts and 5 proximal corona parts basally adnate to this rings"	38
38	"Plants herbaceous; corolla flattened-campanulate; annular corona of dense hairs present"	"Sarcostemma {Sarcostemma esculentum}"
38	"Plants succulent; corolla rotate; annular corona absent"	Cynanchum
39	"Pollinia without pellucid germinating mouth, or if present then on outer margin only; anthers with membranous terminal appendage [trib. Marsdenieae]"	40
39	"Pollinia with pellucid germinating mouth on inner margin or apex; anthers lacking terminal appendage [trib. Stapelieae]"	45
40	"Staminal corona of lobes with inrolled keels"	Hoya
40	"Staminal corona, if present, of lobes lacking inrolled keels"	41
41	"Plants succulent epiphytes; staminal corona of lobes with variously branched apices"	Dischidia
41	"Plants herbaceous or woody vines or subshrubs; staminal corona absent or consisting of 5 simple lobes or forming a tube"	42
42	"Corolla depressed-globose; annular corona present; staminal corona absent; interstaminal corona comprising a tube completely enclosing staminal column"	"Gunnessia {Gunnessia pepo}"
42	"Corolla rotate, campanulate, salverform or urceolate; annular corona absent; staminal corona absent or of 5 adnate lobes; interstaminal corona absent"	43
43	"Style-head papillose; corpuscles more than 5 times as long as wide; caudicles geniculate"	Sarcolobus
43	"Style-head not papillose; corpuscles less than 5 times as long as wide; caudicles not geniculate"	44
44	"Gynostegium not markedly capitate; pollinia oblong to ellipsoidal"	Marsdenia
44	"Gynostegium markedly capitate; pollinia globose to subglobose"	Tylophora
45	"Plants with succulent stems; leaves vestigial or rudimentary and early caducous"	46
45	"Plants with herbaceous to slightly fleshy stems; leaves well-developed"	47
46	"Stems, pedicels and follicles glabrous"	"Orbea {Orbea variegata}"
46	"Stems, pedicels and follicles pubescent"	"Stapelia {Stapelia gigantea}"
47	"Corolla funnel-shaped, with lobes connate at tips"	"Ceropegia {Ceropegia cumingiana}"
47	"Corolla flattened-campanulate, campanulate, urceolate or deeply rotate, with lobes not connate at tips"	48
48	"Plant an erect herb with subterranean tuber; interstaminal corona present and cupular-truncate"	"Brachystelma {Brachystelma glabriflorum}"
48	"Plant twining, roots fibrous; interstaminal corona absent"	Heterostemma