1 "Deciduous trees" Acer 1 "Evergreen trees, shrubs or climbers" 2 2 "Herbaceous vines with tendrils; leaves biternate" Cardiospermum 2 "Trees or shrubs; tendrils absent; leaves simple, trifoliolate or pinnate" 3 3 "Leaves simple, sometimes deeply lobed" 4 3 "Leaves trifoliolate or pinnate or pinnatifid" 7 4 "Petals present" 5 4 "Petals absent" 6 5 "Petals showy, without scales; flowers irregular; fruit separating into cocci or a capsule, not winged; leaves to 4 cm long, lobed or dentate, rarely entire; low shrubs, usually glandular-hairy" Diplopeltis 5 "Petals small, usually with scales; flowers regular; fruit separating into winged samaras; leaves 4-17 cm long, entire; tall shrubs or trees with simple hairs" Atalaya 6 "Sepals united; ovule 1 per locule; fruit of 1 or 2 rounded indehiscent lobes, not winged; aril red, cupular" Alectryon 6 "Sepals free; ovules 2 per locule; fruit a capsule with 2-4 wings or angles; aril absent or white and funnel-shaped" Dodonaea 7 "Leaves pinnatifid or deeply divided or lobed" Diplopeltis 7 "Leaves trifoliolate or pinnate" 8 8 "Indumentum of stellate or tufted hairs, usually mixed with simple hairs" 9 8 "Indumentum if present of simple and/or glandular hairs" 11 9 "Indumentum of fine sessile stellate hairs and coarse stipitate ones; leaves trifoliolate or pinnate; fruit 3-lobed, septifragally dehiscent" "Cossinia {Cossinia australiana}" 9 "Indumentum of fine sessile stellate hairs; leaves pinnate; fruit hr 2-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent or indehiscent" 10 10 "Fruit indehiscent, mostly 1-lobed; seed 1 per locule; leaflets usually with naked glands on lower surface" "Dimocarpus {Dimocarpus australianus}" 10 "Fruit 2-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent, 2-valved; seeds 1 or 2 per locule; leaflets without naked glands" Harpullia 11 "Leaves trifoliolate; sepals and petals 4, in 2 pairs; erect or scrambling shrubs" "Allophylus {Allophylus cobbe}" 11 "Leaves pinnate; sepals and petals 4 or 5, not in 2 pairs, or petals absent; erect shrubs and trees" 12 12 "Leaves bipinnate" "Tristiropsis {Tristiropsis canarioides}" 12 "Leaves simply pinnate" 13 13 "Leaves usually imparipinnate; leaflets 1-29 pairs, to 40 mm long, and to 8 mm wide; fruit usually membranous, capsular, septicidal or septifragal; sepals free; petals absent; ovules 2 per locule" Dodonaea 13 "Leaves usually paripinnate; leaflets 1-19 pairs, usually more than 40 mm long and 8 mm wide; fruit various, either capsular or indehiscent or breaking up irregularly or separating into winged samaras; sepals free or united; petals present or absent; ovules 1 or 2 per locule" 14 14 "Fruit either indehiscent or cells breaking up irregularly or separating into winged samaras; calyx cupular 4-6-toothed or -partite or truncate, or sepals free" 15 14 "Fruit loculicidally dehiscent; calyx cupular and dentate or sepals free and 2-seriate" 19 15 "Fruit separating into samaras with long wings; sepals free, suborbicular; petals usually with scales" Atalaya 15 "Fruit either indehiscent or breaking up irregularly; sepals free or united; petals if present usually with scales" 16 16 "Ovules 2 per locule; petals absent; calyx cupular, toothed; leaves and branchlets with resinous scales" "Ganophyllum {Ganophyllum falcatum}" 16 "Ovules 1 per locule; petals usually present; sepals free or united; leaves and branchlets without resinous scales" 17 17 "Petals with well-developed crested scales; disc one-sided; sepals free, suborbicular, concave; fruit 1-4-lobed or not lobed; seeds exarillate; buds globose" Lepisanthes 17 "Petals with small, crestless scales; disc complete; calyx cupular, truncate, lobes toothed or partite; fruit 1-4-lobed or not lobed; seeds arillate or not; buds ovoid" 18 18 "Fruit not lobed, 2.5-3 cm long; seeds chestnut-like, exarillate; calyx 5-partite; petals present" "Castanospora {Castanospora alphandi}" 18 "Fruit with 1-4 knob-like or globose lobes, rarely not lobed, less than 1.5 cm long; seeds ellipsoidal with cupular aril; calyx 4-6-toothed or -partite, or truncate; petals present or absent" Alectryon 19 "Calyx lobes nearly free or sepals free, usually 2-seriate, orbicular, elliptic or obovate, concave" 20 19 "Calyx shortly cupular, the lobes toothed or partite, usually ovate" 26 20 "Petals absent; stamens 5; fruit to 7mm long, not lobed; endocarp hard, bony; leaflets thin, finely reticulate" Dictyoneura 20 "Petals present; stamens usually 8; fruit 1-5 cm long, rarely smaller, with or without lobes; endocarp not hard; leaflets coriaceous, not finely reticulate" 21 21 "Scales present on petals" 22 21 "Scales absent from petals" 25 22 "Scales usually crested; disc complete or incomplete" 23 22 "Scales not crested; disc complete" 24 23 "Petals 4 or 5, the 5th often reduced; fruit to 7 cm long and 8 cm wide, usually with 1-3 subglobose lobes; aril thick, fleshy, bilobed; leaflets green on lower surface" Diploglottis 23 "Petals 5, none reduced; fruit to 1.5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, with 3 wing-like lobes; aril thin, tailed; leaflets usually glaucous below" Guioa 24 "Sepals not petaloid, usually silky outside; valves of fruit villous inside; aril nearly enclosing seed; leaflets entire, crenate or serrate, drying brownish" Cupaniopsis 24 "Sepals petaloid on margins, glabrous outside; valves of fruit glabrous inside; aril small; leaflets entire, drying yellow-green" Rhysotoechia 25 "Sepals petaloid, delicate; petals without basal thickenings; valves of capsule usually drying slightly woody; aril usually covering seed; upper surface of leaflets with appressed glands" Lepiderema 25 "Sepals petaloid only on margins; petals with thickened margins; valves of fruit drying rind-like, wrinkled; aril small; leaflets usually shining above" Rhysotoechia 26 "Petals present; scales crested" 27 26 "Petals present or absent; scales not crested" 31 27 "Fruit usually with fleshy wings; valves glabrous inside; aril thin, covering seed" Sarcopteryx 27 "Fruit usually without wings; valves villous inside; aril small and basal, or mantle-like over seed" 28 28 "Fruit rusty setose; leaflets serrate to entire, pellucid dotted" 29 28 "Fruit glabrous outside, or if hairy then not setose; leaflets usually entire, not pellucid-dotted" 30 29 "Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, rarely 6, discolorous, whitish below, entire" "Cnesmocarpon {Cnesmocarpon dasyantha}" 29 "Leaflets 4–13 pairs, not whitish below, serrate, serrulate or entire" Jagera 30 "Valves usually drying thick and woody, densely villous inside; aril small, disc-like, at base of seed; cymules not in clusters; leaflets usually with domatia" Toechima 30 "Valves drying thin and wrinkled, sparsely villous inside; aril small, mantle- like, adhering to basal part of seed; cymules usually in clusters; leaflets without domatia" Synima 31 "Petals present; aril very small, sometimes absent" 32 31 "Petals present or absent; aril usually covering seed" 33 32 "Pericarp thick, drying hard and woody; fruit 3-locular; aril dorsal; inflorescence a raceme or panicle; leaflets usually with domatia" Elattostachys 32 "Pericarp usually very fleshy, drying thin; fruit 2- or 3-locular; aril at base of seed or absent; inflorescence raceme-like; leaflets without domatia" Sarcotoechia 33 "Petals minute with one large scale; fruit obovoid, 2-lobed, 2-valved" "Toechima {Toechima tenax}" 33 "Petals small with 2 small scales or absent; fruit either with 1-3 lobes, the lobes 2-valved, or fruit not lobed, irregularly dehiscent or loculicidally 3-valved" 34 34 "Fruit long-stipitate, not lobed; loculicidally 2-valved; aril with basal spur; petals present or absent" Mischocarpus 34 "Fruits sessile, rarely stipitate, divaricately 2- or 3-lobed, 1-lobed or not lobed, 2-valved or irregularly dehiscent; aril not spurred; petals usually present" 35 35 "Leaflets 4–8 pairs with minute domatia along midrib; fruit drying black, irregularly lobed or not lobed, usually irregularly dehiscent" Arytera 35 "Leaflets 1–4 pairs, domatia prominent or absent; fruit divaricately 2- or 3-lobed or 1-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent by valves" Mischarytera