1	"Mature plant reproducing by minute spores; spores produced in capsules"	2
1	"Mature plant reproducing by seeds formed following pollination; seeds produced in cones or in fruit derived from a flower ovary"	5
2	"Spore capsules (sporangia) borne on the undersides or margins of fronds or in the axils of modified leaves or scales, sometimes aggregated into cone-like strobili, often with a band of differentiated cells with thickened cell-walls (annulus), rarely fused to form bi- or trilocular synangia, indehiscent or dehiscing with a single slit to one side; spores germinating into short-lived gametophytes that give rise to much larger and independant sporophytes that live on after gametophyte senescence"	"Ferns (Monilophytes) and lycophytes"
2	"Spore capsules often borne on an elongate stalk (seta) or sometimes sessile or embedded in the plant, indehiscent or dehiscent by 2–7 slits or an operculum; spores germinating into ephemeral to long-lived gametophytes that give rise to dependant, continually attached and often smaller sporophytes comprising the capsule and if present the seta"	3
3	"Capsules elongate, horn shaped and without a seta, frequently produced; photosynthetic organ a pad-like thallus; photosynthetic cells with one or two chloroplasts"	"Hornworts (phylum Anthoceratophyta)"
3	"Capsules not elongate and horn-shaped, often with an elongate seta; photosynthetic organs leaves clearly differentiated from a stem or if a thallus then photosynthetic cells usually with many more than two chloroplasts"	4
4	"Photosynthetic organ a pad-like thallus or leaves clearly differentiated from a stem; leaves when present arranged in two or three ranks, simple, divided apically into lobes or with adaxial or abaxial lobules, never with a costa but rarely with a unistratose line of elongate cells along centre; leaf cells usually with non-green, usually grey, brownish or hyaline oil body organelles in addition to green chloroplasts when fresh"	"Liverworts (phylum Marchantiophyta)"
4	"Photosynthetic organs leaves clearly differentiated from a stem, never a pad-like thallus; leaves arranged in two, three or multiple ranks, often spirally arranged along stem, simple, never divided apically into lobes, rarely with a lobe attached along the midline of the leaf (vaginant lamina), often with a multistratose costa along midline of leaf; leaf cells without visible organelles other than chloroplasts"	"Mosses (phylum Bryophyta)"
5	"Plants with flowers; ovules enclosed within carpel(s); leaves simple or compound"	6
5	"Plants usually without flowers; ovules naked on scales typically aggregated into woody or fleshy cones; leaves simple (sometimes very small)"	7
6	"Leaves usually with net-like venation; flower parts usually in whorls of 4 or 5 (rarely 3, 6 or more); taproot present at least at seedling stage; embryo (and usually seedling) with 2 cotyledons"	Dicotyledons
6	"Leaves usually with parallel venation; flower parts usually in whorls of 3 or 6 (rarely 2 or 4); roots fibrous; embryo (and usually seedling) with 1 cotyledon"	Monocotyledons
7	"Plants without flowers; cones woody; trees or shrubs, often producing resin"	Conifers
7	"Male flowers producing anthers; cones fleshy; non-resinous shrubs or subshrubs"	"Gnetophytes {Ephedraceae}"