1	"Aquatics with all leaves permanently submerged and divided into numerous filiform or linear segments, often rapidly shrivelling upon exposure to air (but inflorescences sometimes emergent)"	2
1	"Land plants or semi-aquatics, with at least the terminal leaves (when present) normally exposed to the air (but leaves sometimes lying flat on water surface)"	6
2	"Leaves whorled; flowers minute, inconspicuous"	3
2	"Leaves alternate or opposite; flowers conspicuous"	4
3	"Leaves pinnately dissected; flowers in a terminal spike; perianth present"	Haloragaceae
3	"Leaves dichotomously forked 1–3 times; perianth absent"	Ceratophyllaceae
4	"Leaves opposite; flowers with dark red or blackish perianth segments"	Cabombaceae
4	"Leaves alternate; flowers with yellowish segments"	5
5	"Plant free-floating; leaves interspersed with bladders; flower zygomorphic, conspicuously spurred, emergent on erect peduncle; fruit a capsule, ripening in the air"	Lentibulariaceae
5	"Plant rooted in mud; bladders absent; flower actinomorphic, barely emergent; pedicel recurving in fruit (head of achenes ripening under water)"	Ranunculaceae
6	"Herbs lacking chlorophyll (stems brownish or yellowish); leaves reduced to scales, or absent; fruit a capsule"	7
6	"Green plants; if ever leaves absent at maturity, then plants woody; fruit various"	8
7	"Slender, twining, stem-parasites; flowers actinomorphic, minute, usually in globoid clusters"	Convolvulaceae
7	"Stout, erect, root parasites; flowers zygomorphic, conspicuous, more or less tubular, arranged in spikes"	Orobanchaceae
8	"Leafless, twining, stem-parasites, rooted only in juvenile phase; flowers 3-partite; fruit a drupe with viscid flesh"	Lauraceae
8	"Plants rooted at maturity, or if stem-parasites then not twining, leaves normally present and flowers 4–5-partite"	9
9	"Shrubs and trees with jointed, grooved, filiform branchlets; leaves present as whorls of 5 or more minute teeth, encircling branchlet joints; infructescence a woody cone"	Casuarinaceae
9	"Plants not combining the above features"	10
10	"Perianth of 2 (rarely more) distinct whorls (sepals and petals), differing from each other in shape, size or colour (calyx or corolla sometimes deciduous at anthesis)"	11
10	"Perianth absent or of 1 whorl, or of 2 or more similar whorls (sometimes falling off as an operculum at anthesis)"	190
11	"Petals free to base (rarely shortly united near the tips)"	12
11	"Petals all united (or rarely with 1 free petal), at least at the base, the tubular part sometimes short"	119
12	"Ovary inferior or semi-inferior"	13
12	"Ovary superior (but sometimes closely surrounded by a narrow calyx-tube)"	33
13	"Apparent petals (petaloid staminodes) numerous, brightly coloured or white; succulents"	Aizoaceae
13	"Petals 2–9"	14
14	"Stamens numerous (more than 10)"	15
14	"Stamens 10 or fewer"	18
15	"Leaves lacking stipules, entire, aromatic with translucent oil dots"	Myrtaceae
15	"Leaves with stipules, or if stipules lacking, then leaves entire, usually non-aromatic but never with oil dots"	16
16	"Leaves opposite, trifoliolate (sometimes apparently whorled)"	Cunoniaceae
16	"Leaves alternate"	17
17	"Leaves without stipules; rare evergreen rainforest trees of far east"	Symplocaceae
17	"Leaves with stipules; herbs or shrubs, if ever small trees, then garden-escapes and often deciduous"	Rosaceae
18	"Aquatic herbs (sometimes growing on mud), usually with most leaves submerged and pinnately divided into filiform segments; flowers in terminal spikes projecting above the water's surface, often unisexual"	Haloragaceae
18	"Terrestrial plants, or if aquatic, submerged leaves not pinnate, and flowers bisexual"	19
19	"Trees or shrubs (sometimes climbing)"	20
19	"Herbs (sometimes semi-woody in garden-escaped Fuchsia)"	30
20	"Flowers sessile or subsessile, clustered into a head, surrounded by an involucre of 4 spreading creamy-white bracts, each 2.5–3.5 cm long; fruit a pinkish globular fleshy head c. 1–3 cm diam.; garden-escaped shrub or small tree"	Cornaceae
20	"Plants not combining the above features"	21
21	"Flowers in umbels (simple or compound), usually small and greenish; ovary 2-carpellate"	22
21	"Flowers not in umbels (but sometimes clustered in cymes); ovary various"	23
22	"Fruit dry; leaves commonly ternately or pinnately divided, rarely 2 cm long"	Apiaceae
22	"Fruit succulent, berry-like, leaves variously pinnate, palmately divided or entire, or if fruit dry, then leaves entire, linear, and usually more than 2 cm long"	Araliaceae
23	"Branch-parasites; leaves entire; fruit a succulent drupe with sticky flesh"	Loranthaceae
23	"Non-parasitic plants, rooted in soil or mud"	24
24	"Spiny shrubs"	25
24	"Shrubs or herbs without spines; fruit non-succulent"	26
25	"Leaves alternate, palmately lobed; fruit a succulent, many-seeded berry c. 2 cm long"	Grossulariaceae
25	"Leaves and spines opposite (leaves usually present only on younger stems); fruit a 3-partite capsule"	Rhamnaceae
26	"Leaves simple and entire (if ever toothed, then bearing stellate hairs); sepals 5"	27
26	"Leaves either compound, or simple and toothed, never stellate-hairy; sepals 4 or 6–8"	28
27	"Leaves glabrous, aromatic, with translucent oil dots; style simple"	Myrtaceae
27	"Leaves hairy (often with stellate hairs), neither aromatic nor oil-dotted; style 3-branched"	Rhamnaceae
28	"Leaves trifoliolate; sepals 6–8; fruit a 2-locular capsule"	Cunoniaceae
28	"Leaves simple; sepals 4; fruit a 1-seeded nut or nutlet"	29
29	"Shrubs or climbers growing at margins of rainforest; leaves opposite, ovate, 1.5–4 cm wide; petals minute or apparently absent, distinctly smaller than sepals"	Aphanopetalaceae
29	"Plants not containing the features above"	Haloragaceae
30	"Perianth whorls green and sepaloid (petals absent, epicalyx sometimes developed); fruit an achene, commonly with barbed spines or prickles at the apex; flowers in spikes, heads, clusters or corymbs"	Rosaceae
30	"Inner perianth whorl petaloid, sometimes small, epicalyx absent; fruit not spinose or prickly"	31
31	"Flowers in umbels or sessile in heads; petals 5; styles normally 2; plants often aromatic (includes Hydrocotyle and Trachymene which are now included in Araliaceae, see note under family description)"	Apiaceae
31	"Flowers not in umbels or heads; petals 4 or 5; styles 1–4; plants not aromatic"	32
32	"Style single, stigma lobed; ovary elongate; seeds numerous; petals conspicuous"	Onagraceae
32	"Styles 2–4, stigmas usually plumose; ovary short and broad; seeds 1–4; petals often minute"	Haloragaceae
33	"Carpels and styles free, or the carpels shortly united near the base"	34
33	"Carpels and/or styles distinctly united for the greater part, or ovary consisting of a single carpel"	44
34	"Sepals and petals each 2 or 3"	35
34	"Sepals and petals more than 3"	37
35	"Small herbs; leaves opposite, succulent"	Crassulaceae
35	"Shrubs or vines; leaves alternate, not succulent"	36
36	"Montane to alpine shrubs with aromatic (peppery to the taste), oblong to oblanceolate leaves"	Winteraceae
36	"Vine or liane of lowland forests and rainforests; leaves broadly ovate, cordate at base"	Menispermaceae
37	"Stamens more than twice as many as petals"	38
37	"Stamens not more than twice as many as petals"	41
38	"Herbs, lacking stipules; perianth segments inserted below carpels"	Ranunculaceae
38	"Herbs with stipules, or shrubs; flowers various"	39
39	"Montane to alpine shrubs with aromatic leaves (peppery to the taste); sepals 2–4"	Winteraceae
39	"Leaves not aromatic; herbs or shrubs; sepals 5"	40
40	"Perianth segments inserted below ovary (hypogynous); shrubs or twiners with showy, yellow, usually emarginate petals"	Dilleniaceae
40	"Perianth segments inserted on short tube or rim extending above the ovary base (perigynous); herbs with stipules, or shrubs with entire, non-yellow petals"	Rosaceae
41	"Small annual herbs or succulent perennials"	42
41	"Perennial shrubs or trees"	43
42	"Receptacle elongate, with numerous (usually more than 100) carpels; non-succulent herbs"	Ranunculaceae
42	"Receptacle short, carpels 4 or 5; more or less succulent herbs"	Crassulaceae
43	"Leaves simple, sometimes shallowly toothed, under 10 cm long; shrubs or twiners with rather showy, yellow, bisexual flowers"	Dilleniaceae
43	"Leaves pinnate, longer than 20 cm; trees with small, unisexual flowers"	Simaroubaceae
44	"Flowers actinomorphic or very nearly so"	45
44	"Flowers distinctly zygomorphic"	108
45	"Stamens more than twice as many as petals, always more than 6, or both stamens and petals numerous"	46
45	"Stamens no more than twice as many as petals, or petals 2 and stamens 6"	60
46	"Stamens all united into a single tube or column, free part of filaments short to long"	47
46	"Stamens all free, or clustered into bundles"	49
47	"Leaves linear, with revolute margins; flowers unisexual, petals white, much exceeding sepals; ovary 3-locular"	Euphorbiaceae
47	"Leaves otherwise; flowers bisexual or if ever unisexual, then petals hardly exceeding sepals"	48
48	"Leaves bipinnate; flowers in short spikes; ovary 1-locular"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Mimosoideae}"
48	"Leaves not bipinnate; flowers solitary or in cymes; ovary 2-many-locular"	Malvaceae
49	"Plants aquatic, with long-petiolate leaves floating on or shortly emergent from water surface, suborbicular, more or less peltate; petals in several whorls"	Nymphaeaceae
49	"Plants terrestrial; leaves basally attached; petals in 1 (rarely 2) whorls"	50
50	"Perianth segments inserted on short tube or rim extending above the ovary base (perigynous); carpel and ovule each 1; fruit a drupe; plants sometimes deciduous (Prunus)"	Rosaceae
50	"Perianth segments inserted below ovary (hypogynous); plants evergreen (except Actinidia)"	51
51	"Flowers sessile in globose heads or cylindric spikes; individual flowers small, petals minute, far exceeded by the conspicuous cream to yellow stamens; fruit a dry, several-seeded pod (Acacia)"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Mimosoideae}"
51	"Flowers not in heads or spikes; petals more or less conspicuous; fruit not a pod"	52
52	"Herbs (usually annual) with watery sap or yellowish latex; sepals 2, distinct, or united into a conical calyptra, soon deciduous; styles 1 or absent"	Papaveraceae
52	"Perennial herbs, shrubs or trees; sepals 3–8; styles 1-several"	53
53	"Leaves succulent, often fascicled; fruit a reddish drupe; stiff, often spinescent shrub of saline ground in north and north-west"	Nitrariaceae
53	"Leaves not succulent and fascicled; fruit and habit not as above"	54
54	"Leaves alternate, petiolate, trifoliate; fruit a capsule, valvate or dehiscent in distal half"	Cleomaceae
54	"Plants not combining features as above"	55
55	"Herbs; leaves succulent, alternate, irregularly multifid"	Nitrariaceae
55	"Plants not combining features as above"	56
56	"Woody vine; stems with segmented pith; lower surface of leaves with stellate hairs; fruit a densely tomentose berry with green pulp (Kiwifruit)"	Actinidiaceae
56	"Plants not combining features as above"	57
57	"Leaves alternate; fruit a drupe; tall shrubs or small to medium trees of eastern Victoria"	Elaeocarpaceae
57	"Leaves opposite (sometimes apparently whorled); fruit a capsule or berry; herbs or shrubs to c. 2 m high, rarely trees to 12 m high"	58
58	"Plants with at least some stellate hairs; flowers large and showy, white or pink with numerous yellow anthers borne on a hypogynous disc; style 1"	Cistaceae
58	"Plants glabrous or with simple hairs; flowers not as above; styles 2 or more"	59
59	"Flowers yellow; leaves simple"	Hypericaceae
59	"Flowers white, pink or magenta; leaves trifoliolate or pinnate"	Cunoniaceae
60	"Climbing or trailing plants with tendrils; eastern Victoria, or naturalized more widely; fruit a berry (but the wall sometimes hard or leathery)"	61
60	"Herbs, shrubs or trees, if ever climbing then lacking tendrils; fruit various"	62
61	"Leaves palmate, with 5 distinct leaflets; flowers small, dull; seeds 1–4"	Vitaceae
61	"Leaves simple, shallowly to deeply lobed but not palmate; flowers relatively large, colourful; seeds numerous"	Passifloraceae
62	"Shrubs or trees"	63
62	Herbs	87
63	"Perianth segments in several whorls of 3; yellow-flowered garden-escape, with spinose, toothed leaves and stipules"	Berberidaceae
63	"Perianth in 2 whorls of 4–6"	64
64	"Leaves usually spine-toothed (occasionally entire, but then with apical mucro), dark green and glossy above; perianth segments in 2 whorls of 4; fruit a bright red drupe (Holly)"	Aquifoliaceae
64	"Leaves not spinose (but branches or stipules sometimes spine-tipped); flowers and fruit various"	65
65	"Leaves pinnate"	66
65	"Leaves entire (rarely plants apparently leafless)"	72
66	"Leaflets 2, succulent; soft-wooded subshrubs"	Zygophyllaceae
66	"Leaflets 2–many, not succulent; true woody shrubs or trees"	67
67	"Branches with paired spines or stipules; inflorescence a cylindric to ovoid spike; perianth parts small, much exceeded by the stamens; weed of northern Victoria"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Mimosoideae}"
67	"Branches unarmed or with single spines; inflorescence not a spike; perianth parts usually apparent, not or not much exceeded by the stamens"	68
68	"Leaves strongly aromatic (usually spicy or fruity), either with translucent oil dots in the leaves, or with milky resinous sap"	69
68	"Leaves not aromatic (sometimes with an unpleasant odour); plants lacking obvious oil dots and milky sap"	70
69	"Leaves opposite, with translucent oil dots, usually more or less fruitily aromatic; sap not milky; fruit dehiscent"	Rutaceae
69	"Leaves alternate, lacking translucent oil dots, peppery-aromatic; sap milky, resinous; fruit a pink drupe with crustaceous skin"	Anacardiaceae
70	"Shrubs; flowers relatively large, yellow; fruit a linear to oblong pod"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae}"
70	"Trees; flowers small, not brightly coloured; fruit not a pod"	71
71	"Fruit a 3-lobed capsule, seed with large fleshy aril; rare evergreen tree of extreme east"	Sapindaceae
71	"Fruit a cluster of 2–5 flattened, winged, 1-seeded samaras; fast-growing deciduous trees, escaped from cultivation"	Simaroubaceae
72	"Stamens united in an urn-shaped tube around the pistil; flowers fragrant, pendent; fruit a purple to black, often mottled berry; branches usually spinose"	Violaceae
72	"Stamens free, or united at the very base; fruit a berry, capsule, schizocarp or drupe"	73
73	"Low shrubs or subshrubs of saline ground; leaves small (under 1 cm long), opposite, connate at base; usually greyish from secreted salt; ovary 1-locular, enclosed in fruit by persistent calyx"	Frankeniaceae
73	"Habit and foliage not as above"	74
74	"Small non-glandular shrubs; sepals 4; petals inconspicuous, 0 or 4; fruit strongly flattened, less than 1 cm long, 2-locular, dehiscent, with 1 seed per locule"	Brassicaceae
74	"Plants not combining the above characteristics"	75
75	"Stamens alternating with and equal in number to petals"	76
75	"Stamens opposite petals or twice as many as petals"	80
76	"Fruit a drupe; leaves opposite, virtually odourless, lacking oil dots"	Oleaceae
76	"Fruit a berry or capsule, or if ever a drupe (rarely) then leaves aromatic, with translucent oil dots"	77
77	"Flowers with a conspicuous disc; petals less than 3 (rarely to 4) mm long; style often lobed at apex; seeds sometimes arillate"	78
77	"Flowers without a disc; petals longer than 3 mm; style undivided; seeds without an aril"	79
78	"Leaves reduced and scale-like (to c. 4 mm long); flowers in terminal narrow cylindric spikes; capsule small, ovoid, seeds not arillate; garden-escaped shrubs or trees"	Tamaricaceae
78	"Leaves well-developed (at least 2 cm long); flowers in terminal or axillary racemes, cymes or panicles; capsule conspicuous, colourful, to c. 1 cm long, seeds with large orange aril; woody liane or straggling shrub of eastern lowland rainforests and margins, or garden-escaped shrubs"	Celastraceae
79	"Flowers 5-partite; fruit a berry or 2- or 3-valved capsule; leaves lacking translucent oil dots"	Pittosporaceae
79	"Flowers 4- or 5-partite; fruit with 4 or 5 locules, each 1- or 2-seeded, or rarely fruit a drupe; leaves with translucent oil dots"	Rutaceae
80	"Leaves crenate or lobed, broad, sometimes aromatic; fruit splitting into 5 long- beaked (or awned) 1-seeded fruitlets"	Geraniaceae
80	"Leaves almost or quite entire, or if ever toothed, then fruits not splitting into beaked or awned segments"	81
81	"Anthers dark, opening by terminal pores; fruit a 2-valved capsule; leaves often more or less whorled; subshrubs with showy pink, mauve or white flowers, glabrous or with simple hairs"	Elaeocarpaceae
81	"Anthers yellowish or dark reddish, opening by longitudinal slits; stems sometimes stellate-pubescent; fruit various, but not a 2-valved capsule; stellate hairs sometimes present"	82
82	"Some (rarely all) stamens modified into staminodia"	83
82	"Stamens all perfect"	85
83	"Plants with (usually stellate) hairs"	Malvaceae
83	"Plants more or less glabrous"	84
84	"Leaves aromatic; ovary 5-locular; fruit dry, a capsule or schizocarp; garden escape"	Rutaceae
84	"Leaves not aromatic; ovary 1–3-locular; fruit a green drupe; rare, yellow-green shrubs of far eastern lowlands"	Olacaceae
85	"Shrubs aromatic; leaves with translucent oil dots; fruit capsular"	Rutaceae
85	"Shrubs non-aromatic; leaves without obvious oil dots; fruit a drupe"	86
86	"Leaves narrow, succulent, entire, often clustered; fruit reddish with long, pitted stone; often spinescent shrub of saline ground in north and north-west"	Nitrariaceae
86	"Leaves broad, usually toothed, alternate; fruit black with short, smooth stone; naturalized, usually near-coastal"	Rhamnaceae
87	"Sepals 2; petals 5; leaves usually more or less succulent"	Montiaceae
87	"Sepals more than 2, equal in number to petals"	88
88	"Sepals and petals each 6 (rarely fewer by abortion), inserted at the summit of a relatively long, tubular hypanthium; plants usually of wet ground; flowers purplish"	Lythraceae
88	"Sepals and petals normally 5 or fewer; hypanthium not developed, or saucer- to cup-shaped, never long-tubular"	89
89	"Leaves opposite or whorled"	90
89	"Leaves alternate or rosetted"	98
90	"Leaves peltate, crescentic or binate, fringed with viscid glandular hairs"	Droseraceae
90	"Leaves not as above"	91
91	"Leaves lobed or divided"	92
91	"Leaves simple and entire"	93
92	"Leaves paripinnate; petals yellow; fruit a hard, spiny schizocarp"	Zygophyllaceae
92	"Leaves lobed only or imparipinnate; petals not yellow; fruit not spiny, long-awned from the persistent column, splitting from base"	Geraniaceae
93	"Stipules present"	94
93	"Stipules absent (but leaf-bases sometimes connate)"	96
94	"Stipules herbaceous; plants semi-aquatic, quite prostrate"	Elatinaceae
94	"Stipules scarious; plants terrestrial, rarely quite prostrate"	95
95	"Flowers bisexual; ovary 1-locular"	Caryophyllaceae
95	"Flowers unisexual; ovary 3-(rarely 2-) locular"	Picrodendraceae
96	"Style simple, stigma undivided; ovary incompletely 2-locular; annual of wet ground in north-west"	Lythraceae
96	"Style divided above base, or styles several; ovary unilocular, or incompletely 3–5-locular"	97
97	"Style undivided for greater part, but stigmas free; ovary with parietal placentation"	Frankeniaceae
97	"Styles several, not united at base; ovary with free-central placentation"	Caryophyllaceae
98	"Leaves clover-like, sour-tasting, with 3 (rarely 4) obcordate, cuneate or almost linear leaflets"	Oxalidaceae
98	"Leaves never at once clover-like and noticeably sour-tasting"	99
99	"Leaves covered with viscid glandular hairs (enabling the plant to catch insects)"	Droseraceae
99	"Plants neither insectivorous nor with viscid glandular hairs"	100
100	"Sepals and petals each 2 or 3, often not strongly differentiated; flowers small, pink or greenish; ovary 1-locular, 1-seeded; fruit a nut, commonly 3-angled or biconvex"	Polygonaceae
100	"Sepals and petals each 4 or 5"	101
101	"Both floral whorls green and sepal-like; flowers small, with conspicuous hollow receptacles; leaves shallowly to deeply palmately lobed; rhizomatous herbs of alpine or subalpine marshes, or small annual herbs"	Rosaceae
101	"Petals brightly coloured or white, never sepal-like"	102
102	"Sepals and petals each 4; stamens 6 (rarely 4 or 2)"	103
102	"Sepals and petals each 5; stamens 5 or 10"	104
103	"Petals actinomorphically arranged; hairs eglandular; stipules absent"	Brassicaceae
103	"Petals turned to one side, making flowers appear somewhat zygomorphic; plants with glandular hairs and spines; stipules usually spinose"	Cleomaceae
104	"Calyx funnel-shaped or obconic, scarious, and enclosing the fruit"	Plumbaginaceae
104	"Sepals free, not scarious (or only along the margins), not enclosing the fruit"	105
105	"Flowers unisexual; petals minute, white; ovary 3-locular; anthers opening by pores"	Phyllanthaceae
105	"Flowers bisexual, petals conspicuous, often coloured; ovary 2–5-locular; anthers opening by longitudinal slits"	106
106	"Leaves broad, toothed or dissected, long-petiolate, stipulate; fruit long-beaked, splitting from the base into 5, 1-seeded segments, remaining united at the apex"	Geraniaceae
106	"Leaves entire, linear to spathulate, without stipules; fruit not long-beaked"	107
107	"Flowers long-pedicellate, in loose corymbs or panicles; petals broad, spreading from near base; fruit a radially dehiscing capsule"	Linaceae
107	"Flowers subsessile, in spikes or racemes, or solitary in axils; corolla tubular for the greater part, but segments free at base; fruit a schizocarp of 3–5 mericarps"	Celastraceae
108	"Flowers spurred or saccate at base"	109
108	"Flowers neither spurred nor saccate at base"	112
109	"Leaves simple; stamens 5 or 8; flowers solitary"	110
109	"Leaves pinnate or much-divided; stamens 2, 4 or 6; flowers in racemes"	111
110	"Stamens 5, connivent around the style; flowers with a short blunt basal spur; leaves basally attached, but sometimes obcordate or reniform"	Violaceae
110	"Stamens 8, quite separate, uneven; flowers with a long basal spur, the upper 2 petals shorter and inserted at the lip of the spur; leaves peltately attached"	Tropaeolaceae
111	"Small tender annual herbs; fruit a 1-seeded nutlet, rarely a small flattened capsule or a pod breaking into 1-seeded articles (if the latter then plant strongly curry-scented)"	Papaveraceae
111	"Shrubby, rank-smelling perennials; fruit a 4-lobed, bladdery capsule"	Melianthaceae
112	"Flowers strongly zygomorphic, the lower petal or pair of petals forming a conspicuous keel; upper petals more or less erect"	113
112	"Flowers weakly zygomorphic, not keeled; petals spreading"	114
113	"Petals 5, the uppermost usually larger than others, the lowermost pair united for the greater part forming a keel; anthers opening by slits; ovary 1-locular (but sometimes with incomplete papery partitions inside"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae}"
113	"Petals 3 (but 2 sepals often enlarged and petaloid); anthers opening by pores; ovary 2-locular, 2-seeded"	Polygalaceae
114	"Stoloniferous herb, glandular-hairy; leaves simple, reniform to orbicular, variegated above; flowers with a conspicuous nectary disc; upper 3 petals smaller than lower 2"	Saxifragaceae
114	"Plants lacking the above combination of characters"	115
115	"Flowers in (often umbel-like) cymes; ovary 5-lobed, long-beaked; fruit with 5, 1-seeded segments, splitting from the base, remaining attached at the summit of the persistent awn or column"	Geraniaceae
115	"Flowers in racemes, or few and terminal; ovary entire or 2-lobed, rarely beaked; fruit not as above"	116
116	"Shrubs; leaves pinnate; stamens 10; flowers bright yellow"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae}"
116	"Herbs, or if at all woody, then leaves not pinnate; stamens never regularly 10"	117
117	"Petals fringed or lobed; stamens 8–40; capsule opening only at top"	Resedaceae
117	"Petals entire or emarginate; stamens no more than 6; capsule splitting along entire length (rarely fruit indehiscent)"	118
118	"Stamens 6 (rarely 4), surrounding the ovary; petals usually white, yellow or greenish (rarely pink or purple) herbs, usually odorous"	Brassicaceae
118	"Stamens 5, arranged on one side of the ovary; petals blue; perennial subshrubs, not odorous"	Pittosporaceae
119	"Ovary superior (but sometimes closely surrounded by a narrow calyx-tube)"	120
119	"Ovary inferior"	175
120	"Stamens very numerous, much longer than the minute perianth; flowers in dense heads or spikes"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Mimosoideae}"
120	"Stamens 10 or fewer"	121
121	"Stamens 5 or fewer"	122
121	"Stamens 6–10"	172
122	"Flowers blue, 5-partite, in hemispherical heads terminating naked peduncles; leaves all basal"	Goodeniaceae
122	"Plants not combining features as above"	123
123	"Sepals 2 (with or without a pair of sepal-like bracts subtending calyx); petals 5; corolla actinomorphic"	124
123	"Sepals more than 2, or if 2, then corolla zygomorphic (2 sepal-like bracts some times present outside calyx)"	126
124	"Vigorous, tuberous vine with broad ovate or cordate leaves (apparent sepals actually bracts, in 2 connate pairs below perianth of 5 tepals); fruit never maturing"	Basellaceae
124	"Small non-scandent herbs; sepals not subtended by a pair of sepal-like bracts"	125
125	"Flowers white, pink or purple; style-branches 3; ovary superior; capsule dehiscing longitudinally"	Montiaceae
125	"Flowers yellow; style-branches 3–7; ovary semi-inferior; capsule circumsciss"	Portulacaceae
126	"Ovary deeply 4-lobed"	127
126	"Ovary not 4-lobed"	129
127	"Leaves alternate (often rosetted at base), often with tubercle-based hairs or bristles; stems not 4-angled; corolla actinomorphic"	Boraginaceae
127	"Leaves opposite; stems usually 4-angled; corolla often zygomorphic"	128
128	"Corolla not or hardly zygomorphic, 5-cleft; style terminal; plants hardly aromatic"	Verbenaceae
128	"Corolla distinctly zygomorphic, or almost equally 4-cleft; style gynobasic or arising between the 4 lobes of the ovary; plants commonly aromatic"	Lamiaceae
129	"Corolla zygomorphic"	130
129	"Corolla actinomorphic"	144
130	"Sepals 3, the lower sepal larger and spurred; petals 5, partially fused, the uppermost petal free and the lower 4 fused in laterial pairs; pedicle twisted through 180°; garden escape"	Balsaminaceae
130	"Plants not containing the features above"	131
131	"Herbs of wet ground with small (c. 1–2 mm diam.) bladders on roots (for the capture and digestion of small organisms); leaves small, simple and more or less rosetted at base, or divided into filiform lobes; ovary 1-locular; corolla spurred, pink or purple, rarely yellow"	Lentibulariaceae
131	"Roots without bladders; ovary 2-locular; if corolla spurred, then leaves neither rosetted at base nor divided into filiform segments"	132
132	"Ovules 4; seeds never flat"	133
132	"Ovules usually numerous; seeds sometimes flattened or winged"	134
133	"Fruit a drupe, with 4-locular stone; leaves often alternate; woody shrubs, sometimes prostrate; stems not 4-angled"	Scrophulariaceae
133	"Fruit dry, splitting into 2 or 4 nutlets; leaves always opposite; herbs or soft-wooded shrubs; stems usually strongly 4-angled"	Verbenaceae
134	"Stamens 5"	135
134	"Stamens 2 or 4"	136
135	"Petals winged, with a membranous, often crinkled marginal portion bordering the firmer central part; stigma with a cup-like indusium"	Goodeniaceae
135	"Petals unwinged; stigma without a stigmatic indusium"	Scrophulariaceae
136	"Leaves pinnate; fruit capsular; seeds with wide hyaline wings; climbers of moist forests or in sheltered rock crevices"	Bignoniaceae
136	"Leaves simple, but sometimes toothed; fruit and seeds not as above"	137
137	"Fruit a berry; leaves of each opposite pair often very unequal; creeping epiphyte or lithophyte of moist, shaded gullies"	Gesneriaceae
137	"Fruit dry, capsular; leaves of each opposite pair more or less equal, or leaves alternate or tufted at base"	138
138	"Ovary 1-locular; fruit more than 10 cm long, with a slender beak that splits into 2 long, incurved horns"	Pedaliaceae
138	"Ovary 2-locular; fruit less than 10 cm long, and without long apical horns"	139
139	"Seeds attached to placenta by hooked processes on funicle; capsule explosively dehiscent; rare procumbent herb of far east or garden-escaped perennial with large, glossy, lobed leaves"	Acanthaceae
139	"Seeds without hooked processes on funicle; capsule not explosively dehiscent"	140
140	"Sepals 4, fused, lobes of equal length; plants usually with glandular pubescence"	Orobanchaceae
140	"Plants lacking the above combination of characters, if ever with 4 fused sepals, then lobes unequal in length and plants lacking glandular hairs"	141
141	"Flowers solitary in leaf axils, sometimes in clusters of 2 or 3, arising from a basal rosette; sepals fused; stigma with a single or pair of irritable flaps (responsive to touch); leaves often gland-dotted"	Phrymaceae
141	"Flowers arranged in a spike or raceme, or if solitary then calyx of free sepals and stigma lacking irritable flaps"	142
142	"Fertile stamens 2, sometimes with staminodes"	Plantaginaceae
142	"Fertile stamens 4, usually in 2 unequal pairs"	143
143	"Sepals free or shortly united at base; corolla 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely so and the lobes much shorter than tube"	Plantaginaceae
143	"Corolla more or less cylindric (rarely 2-lipped, and then calyx united for c. half its length); sepals united, or if free then corolla lobes cylindric and c. as long or longer than tube"	Scrophulariaceae
144	"Stamens fewer than corolla-lobes"	145
144	"Stamens as many as corolla-lobes"	153
145	"Climbing plants; leaves pinnate"	146
145	"Non-climbing plants (but sometimes creeping epiphytes); leaves simple"	147
146	"Leaflets 3; stamens 2; fruit a berry"	Oleaceae
146	"Leaflets 5 or more; stamens 4; fruit a capsule"	Bignoniaceae
147	"Shrub or small tree of intertidal mud of sheltered coasts and tidal streams, producing many erect, emergent straw-like roots (pneumatophores); fruit a fleshy 2-valved capsule, with cotyledons fully developed and green when falling from plant"	Verbenaceae
147	"Plants not combining features as above"	148
148	"Fruit a berry; leaves of each opposite pair often very unequal; creeping epiphyte or lithophyte of moist, shaded gullies in east"	Gesneriaceae
148	"Plants not as above"	149
149	"Fruit a capsule; herbs or shrubs"	150
149	"Fruit a drupe; shrubs or trees"	152
150	"Shrubs (far west, north-west or far east only); leaves alternate; stamens 4"	Solanaceae
150	"Herbs; leaves commonly opposite; stamens 2 or 4"	151
151	"Stamens 2; flower colour variable; annual or perennial herbs or semi-woody shrubs"	Plantaginaceae
151	"Stamens 4; flowers white or yellow; annual, biannual or short-lived perennial herbs"	Scrophulariaceae
152	"Leaves opposite; flowers small, greenish; stamens 2"	Oleaceae
152	"Leaves alternate; flowers conspicuous, white (often dotted in throat); stamens 4"	Scrophulariaceae
153	"Leaves opposite"	154
153	"Leaves mostly alternate or all radical"	158
154	"Carpels 2, usually free; style expanded into a ring below the stigma; plants usually with milky latex, often twiners"	Apocynaceae
154	"Carpels united; style without a ring below the stigma; plants without latex; plants not twining (rarely semi-scandent woody shrubs)"	155
155	"Stamens opposite petals; ovary 1-locular, with free-central placentation"	Primulaceae
155	"Stamens alternating with petals; placentation never free-central"	156
156	"Ovary 1-locular; herbs; leaves without stipules"	Gentianaceae
156	"Ovary 2-locular; herbs or shrubs; leaves with stipules"	157
157	"Plants glabrous or with simple hairs"	Loganiaceae
157	"Plants with stellate hairs on leaves and branchlets"	Scrophulariaceae
158	"Sepals, petals and stamens 4; rosetted herbs; flowers in slender spikes"	Plantaginaceae
158	"Sepals, petals and stamens 5; habit and inflorescence various"	159
159	"Climbers; corolla campanulate or tubular, 15 mm long or more, with imbricate lobes; stamens free from corolla"	Pittosporaceae
159	"Non-climbing herbs or shrubs, or if ever climbing, then petals valvate or contorted and stamens at least partially fused with petals"	160
160	"Leaves hard, ericoid, often pungent, usually with distinct parallel venation beneath; style and stigma undivided; fruit either a drupe or a 5-valved, 5-locular capsule (formally Epacridaceae)"	Ericaceae
160	"Leaves not as above; style and/or stigma sometimes divided; if fruit ever 5-valved, then not 5-locular"	161
161	"Flowers in scorpioid cymes"	162
161	"Flowers not in scorpioid cymes"	163
162	"Fruit a 1-seeded circumciss or irregularly dehiscent capsule; styles 5, free or united near base; ovary 1-locular"	Plumbaginaceae
162	"Fruit a 2-seeded loculicidal capsule opening by 2 valves; style 1, deeply cleft; ovary 2-locular"	Boraginaceae
163	"Stigmas 3–5; leaves sometimes pinnately divided"	164
163	"Stigmas 1 or 2; leaves never pinnate"	165
164	"Stigmas 3; fruit a 3-locular capsule; leaves pinnately divided"	Polemoniaceae
164	"Stigmas 3–5; fruit of 3–5, 1-seeded nutlets, partially fused; leaves never pinnate; corolla lobes free at base"	Celastraceae
165	"Stamens opposite petals; ovary 1-locular; placentation free-central"	166
165	"Stamens alternating with petals; ovary 1–10-locular; placentation never free-central"	167
166	"Herbs; fruit capsular"	Primulaceae
166	"Trees or tall shrubs; fruit a drupe"	Myrsinaceae
167	"Yellow-flowered marsh plants; leaves cordate, long-petiolate; fruit with numerous seeds"	Menyanthaceae
167	"Not as above, or if leaves long-petiolate, then seeds very few"	168
168	"Twining or prostrate herbs or shrubs; seeds 2 or 4 per fruit; corolla regular, more or less funnel-shaped"	Convolvulaceae
168	"Plants never twining; seeds numerous"	169
169	"Sepals 3; stigma with an indusial cup; rosetted alpine herb with small yellow flowers on stalks shorter than leaves"	Goodeniaceae
169	"Sepals 5 (or calyx 5-toothed); stigma without an indusial cup"	170
170	"Flowers numerous in long terminal spikes or racemes; 3 or all stamens with hairy filaments"	Scrophulariaceae
170	"Flowers solitary or in cymes or loose corymbs"	171
171	"Corolla-tube rather long, or if short then anthers connivent around style; style simple"	Solanaceae
171	"Corolla-tube very short; anthers free; styles 3–5"	Linaceae
172	"Flowers actinomorphic; stamens 8–10, free"	173
172	"Flowers strongly zygomorphic; stamens 6–10, sometimes united into a tube"	174
173	"Leaves opposite, 5 mm wide or more, stellate-hairy; fruit splitting into 4, 1- or 2-seeded chambers"	Rutaceae
173	"Leaves alternate, or if ever opposite or whorled, then small, ericoid (much less than 5 mm wide), not stellate-hairy (but stems sometimes with barbellate or ciliate bristles); fruit a many-seeded capsule or a globose berry"	Ericaceae
174	"Petals 5, the uppermost usually larger than others, the lowermost pair united for the greater part forming a keel; stamens 10; leaves sometimes divided"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae}"
174	"Petals 3 (but 2 sepals enlarged and petaloid); stamens 6–8; leaves entire"	Polygalaceae
175	"Flowers in heads, surrounded by an involucre of bracts or floral leaves"	176
175	"Flowers never in heads (if clustered, then without a common involucre)"	178
176	"Anthers cohering in a tube around the style, if ever free (rarely), then heads unisexual; calyx absent, but a pappus of scales or bristles sometimes present at summit of ovary"	Asteraceae
176	"Anthers free; calyx well-developed"	177
177	"Heads large, 2.5 cm wide or more; tall, prickly, thistle-like biennials, or annuals with dissected foliage; flowers with an epicalyx of united bracteoles"	Dipsacaceae
177	"Heads under 2.5 cm wide; plants neither prickly, nor with dissected leaves; epicalyx absent"	Rubiaceae
178	"Anthers 2, fused with the style to form a column which is often irritable; flowers very zygomorphic, one petal (the labellum) much reduced"	Stylidiaceae
178	"Anthers not fused with the style; flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic, but then never with one petal much reduced"	179
179	"Anthers connate, forming a tube around the style; flowers zygomorphic, blue, purplish or white; plants often with milky sap"	Campanulaceae
179	"Anthers free; flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; plants lacking latex"	180
180	"Flowers 2-lipped, or fan-shaped, often with winged petals; stigma with an indusial cup"	Goodeniaceae
180	"Flowers not 2-lipped; stigma without an indusial cup"	181
181	"Stem-parasites (mistletoes)"	Loranthaceae
181	"Plants never parasitic"	182
182	"Leaves opposite"	183
182	"Leaves alternate"	187
183	"Leaves pinnate"	Caprifoliaceae
183	"Leaves simple"	184
184	"Leaves with stipules or apparently whorled (whorl including leaf-like stipules); stamens 4, or if more then flowers unisexual"	Rubiaceae
184	"Leaves without stipules, not whorled"	185
185	"Shrubs or woody climbers or twiners; fruit a red or blackish drupe or berry; garden escapes"	Caprifoliaceae
185	"Herbs; fruit a capsule or achene, or if ever berry-like then never red or blackish; mostly native"	186
186	"Stamens 1–3, inserted on the narrowly tubular corolla; flowers pink, white or mauve"	Valerianaceae
186	"Stamens 4 or 5, not inserted on the funnel-shaped corolla; flowers blue or purple (sometimes yellowish outside)"	Campanulaceae
187	"Annual herbs with alternate, broad, cordate leaves, climbing or scrambling by tendrils"	Cucurbitaceae
187	"Herbs or woody plants, but never with tendrils; leaves often opposite"	188
188	"Creeping semi-shrub of shaded subalpine gullies and slopes; flowers axillary; corolla urceolate or campanulate, greenish; fruit a berry"	Alseuosmiaceae
188	"Herbs; flowers terminal or in racemes, white or bluish; fruit capsular"	189
189	"Stamens opposite corolla-lobes; flowers white; stigma capitate; ovary 1-locular"	Primulaceae
189	"Stamens alternating with corolla-lobes; flowers bluish; stigmas 2–5; ovary 2–5-locular"	Campanulaceae
190	"Perianth corolla-like (but sometimes very small), at least the inner segments usually brightly coloured or white (in Eupomatia the perianth is operculate, falling entire at anthesis to expose several series of petaloid staminodes)"	191
190	"Perianth wholly greenish and calyx-like, or colourless and papery, or absent"	226
191	"Stamens numerous (more than 12)"	192
191	"Stamens 12 or fewer"	199
192	"Aquatic herbs, rooted in mud, with floating, peltate leaves and dark purple flowers"	Cabombaceae
192	"Terrestrial plants, or if ever aquatic or semi-aquatic, flowers not dark purple"	193
193	"Ovary inferior or semi-inferior; perianth segments and/or staminodes usually numerous (more than c. 20); plants often succulent"	194
193	"Ovary superior; perianth segments fewer than 20; plants usually not succulent"	196
194	"Tree or woody shrub of eastern rainforests; flowers with a deciduous operculum, scented; carpels numerous, immersed in the hypanthium"	Eupomatiaceae
194	"Succulent plants (leaves sometimes absent); flowers not operculate, not or hardly scented"	195
195	"Leaves always present; perianth tubular, 4- or 5-lobed, often with numerous petaloid staminodes; ovary 5-many-locular; plants not spinose"	Aizoaceae
195	"Leaves absent or early deciduous, the branches flattened, usually spinose; perianth segments free, in several series, staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular"	Cactaceae
196	"Carpels free or nearly so"	197
196	"Carpels united"	198
197	"Carpels numerous (rarely 5); flowers bisexual or unisexual; fruit a head or spike or achenes; herbs"	Ranunculaceae
197	"Carpels 5; perianth of a single whorl of petaloid sepals; flowers unisexual; fruit a woody follicle; trees"	Malvaceae
198	"Herbs; petals usually 4, relatively large and brightly coloured; sepals 2 (sometimes fused into a narrowly conical operculum), falling as the flower opens; carpels 2, or 4-many"	Papaveraceae
198	"Shrubs; perianth segments small, 3–6; carpels and loculi of ovary both 3"	Euphorbiaceae
199	"Ovary superior"	200
199	"Ovary inferior (or becoming so after anthesis)"	218
200	"Perianth strongly zygomorphic, often spurred or saccate at base; sepals 2, soon deciduous; stamens 2 (both 3-lobed), or if 4, then plants strongly curry-scented; leaves much-divided"	Papaveraceae
200	"Perianth actinomorphic, or if ever zygomorphic, then never spurred, nor leaves much-divided or curry-scented"	201
201	"Shrubs or trees"	202
201	Herbs	211
202	"Perianth tubular (usually long-tubular); stamens 2 (4 in rare alpine, Kelleria); leaves often opposite and flowers often in heads"	Thymelaeaceae
202	"Perianth not or only slightly tubular; stamens more than 2"	203
203	"Flowers unisexual"	204
203	"Flowers bisexual"	206
204	"Leaves opposite, 2 cm long or more, strongly nutmeg-scented when crushed; tall shrubs or trees of cool-temperate rainforest"	Atherospermataceae
204	"Leaves alternate, or if ever opposite, less than 2 cm long, never nutmeg-scented; shrubs under 3 m high (only Phyllanthus gunnii ever occurring in rainforest)"	205
205	"Stamens 6 or 9; at least some leaves opposite or in 3s; stipules minute and inconspicuous, or lacking"	Picrodendraceae
205	"Stamens 3; leaves simple an alternate; stipules sometimes small but conspicuous"	Phyllanthaceae
206	"Perianth segments 4; stamens 4, often fused with perianth segments"	Proteaceae
206	"Perianth segments and, or stamens more than 4 (stamens never fused to perianth segments)"	207
207	"Glabrous shrubs or trees"	208
207	"Hairy (often stellate-hairy) shrubs"	210
208	"Shrubs with toothed leaves (each leaf subtended by a deeply 5-lobed spine); flowers yellow, in drooping racemes"	Berberidaceae
208	"Trees or shrubs; leaves entire or absent"	209
209	"Plants hemiparasitic; leaves absent, reduced to scales or well developed with bipinnate venation, domatia absent; perianth segments and stamens unimerous"	Santalaceae
209	"Plants not hemiparasitic; leaves oblong, ovate to broadly ovate, 3-veined with conspicuous domatia in axils or with pinnate venation without domatia; perianth segments and stamens di- or trimerous"	Lauraceae
210	"Flowers yellow; stamens 10"	Rutaceae
210	"Flowers white, pink or mauve; stamens 5"	Malvaceae
211	"Perianth segments 4, united for the greater part, non-glandular; stamens 2; leaves commonly opposite"	Thymelaeaceae
211	"Perianth segments 5"	212
212	"Perianth segments united, glandular-hairy; stamens 1–4"	Nyctaginaceae
212	"Perianth segments free, non-glandular"	213
213	"Stipules present, sheathing and scarious; inflorescence a spike"	Polygonaceae
213	"Stipules absent; inflorescence a raceme or cluster, or flowers solitary"	214
214	"Flowers in long racemes"	215
214	"Flowers solitary or in axillary clusters"	216
215	"Climber; racemes axillary; flowers each subtended by 2 pairs of connate bracts; fruit not produced"	Basellaceae
215	"Shrubby plant; racemes leaf-opposed; bracts free, not paired; fruit a purplish berry"	Phytolaccaceae
216	"Receptacle long, columnar, with numerous carpels; fruit a spike of achenes"	Ranunculaceae
216	"Receptacle short, few-carpellate; fruit not a spike of achenes"	217
217	"Perianth segments free, spreading"	Molluginaceae
217	"Perianth tubular (sometimes shortly)"	Aizoaceae
218	"Trees or shrubs"	219
218	Herbs	221
219	"Anthers cohering in a tube around the 2-armed style; flowers always sessile, in bracteate heads"	Asteraceae
219	"Stamens free or aggregated in clusters, anthers not cohering; style undivided"	220
220	"Aromatic shrubs with narrow, oil-dotted leaves; fruit dry"	Myrtaceae
220	"Non-aromatic shrubs or trees, leaves never oil-dotted, sometimes reduced and scale-like; fruit a drupe"	Santalaceae
221	"Leaves in whorls of 4 or more (paired only in north-western Asperula gemella which has filiform, dichotomously branched stems)"	Rubiaceae
221	"Leaves not in whorls"	222
222	"Flowers sessile, in heads surrounded by a common involucre"	223
222	"Flowers not in true heads, but sometimes very shortly stalked in compact umbels"	224
223	"Stamens free; flowers bisexual"	Dipsacaceae
223	"Anthers cohering in a tube around the style, or flowers unisexual"	Asteraceae
224	"Flowers in umbels (sometimes compound); perianth tube absent; fruit of 2 mericarps (includes Hydrocotyle and Trachymene which are now included in Araliaceae, see note under family description)"	Apiaceae
224	"Flowers not in umbels; perianth tube present and distinct; fruit nut-like"	225
225	"Flowers in cymes; leaves opposite; stamens 1–3; weeds or garden-escapes"	Valerianaceae
225	"Flowers solitary in axils; leaves alternate; stamens 5; rare herb of eastern highlands"	Santalaceae
226	"Woody plants (trees, shrubs or stem-parasites)"	227
226	"Non-woody plants"	258
227	"Stem parasites; leaves opposite, thickish, or absent; flowers bisexual"	Santalaceae
227	"Plants not parasitic or root-parasites only"	228
228	Climbers	229
228	"Non-climbers (sometimes only weakly shrubby)"	230
229	"Plants climbing by tendrils; leaves palmate with 5 leaflets"	Vitaceae
229	"Plants climbing by small adventitious roots"	Araliaceae
230	"Trees or large shrubs of forest gullies and streamsides, with large, glabrous and glossy, opposite leaves; flowers unisexual, the males with numerous stamens, females with 10–20 free carpels maturing a succulent, yellow aggregate fruit (Hedycarya)"	Monimiaceae
230	"Plants not as above"	231
231	"Leaves with membranous, stem-sheathing stipules (ochreas), sometimes shredding with age, or leaves absent; style-arms 3; fruit trigonous or biconvex nut"	Polygonaceae
231	"Leaves either without stipules, or stipules not sheathing and soon deciduous, or if leaves absent, then style-arms 2; fruit not a trigonous nut"	232
232	"Flowers numerous, unisexual, in catkins; individual flowers usually subtended by a small bract; mostly deciduous trees and shrubs"	233
232	"Flowers not in catkins; plants usually evergreen"	236
233	"Ovary superior; fruit a capsule"	Salicaceae
233	"Ovary inferior; fruit a nut or winged samara"	234
234	"Leaves pinnate; fruit a drupe-like nut with a thick fleshy husk covering a thick, wrinkled shell (Walnuts)"	Juglandaceae
234	"Leaves simple, often deeply lobed; fruit not as above"	235
235	"Fruits subtended or enclosed by a cupule (Quercus)"	Fagaceae
235	"Fruits usually winged, not subtended by a cupule (Betula)"	Betulaceae
236	"Flowers numerous, minute, enclosed within a hollow, fleshy receptacle (fig) or inflroescence capitate, fruit a large syncap; rare evergreen rainforest tree of extreme east, or garden-escapes; sap milky"	Moraceae
236	"Flowers not enclosed within receptacle"	237
237	"Ovary inferior or partly inferior"	238
237	"Ovary superior"	244
238	"Flowers with an operculum that is deciduous at anthesis; stamens numerous"	239
238	"Flowers non-operculate; stamens 5 or fewer"	240
239	"Foliage odourless, not oil-dotted; inner stamens sterile, broad and petaloid; shrubs or trees of eastern rainforests"	Eupomatiaceae
239	"Foliage aromatic, with translucent oil dots; stamens never broad and petaloid (sometimes outer stamens sterile)"	Myrtaceae
240	"Trees; flowers unisexual, the females sessile (1 or 3 together) in a scaly 4-valved or cup-shaped involucre"	Nothofagaceae
240	"Shrubs or small trees; flowers usually bisexual, never grouped within a common involucre"	241
241	"Leaves alternate, hairy (often with stellate hairs); fruit splitting into 3, 1-seeded chambers"	Rhamnaceae
241	"Leaves opposite, glabrous, or much reduced and scale-like"	242
242	"Leaves subtending spines; fruit dry, capsular, 3-chambered"	Rhamnaceae
242	"Plants not spinose; fruit 1-seeded, a drupe or nut"	243
243	"Leaves entire, dull; sepals deciduous in fruit"	Santalaceae
243	"Leaves toothed, glossy; sepals enlarged and persistent in fruit"	Aphanopetalaceae
244	"Deciduous trees with opposite or alternate leaves; fruit a single samara or a pair of basally joined samaras; garden-escapes"	245
244	"Plants not deciduous; fruit not a samara"	247
245	"Leaves alternate, 1-foliate; margins serrate (Ulmus)"	Ulmaceae
245	"Leaves opposite, deeply lobed or pinnate"	246
246	"Leaves pinnate; samaras single (Fraxinus)"	Oleaceae
246	"Leaves palmately lobed; samaras paired (Acer)"	Sapindaceae
247	"Ovary 1-locular with several ovules; fruit an oblong to linear, several-seeded pod; stamens numerous and much exceeding the perianth"	"Fabaceae {Fabaceae subfam. Mimosoideae}"
247	"Ovary 2-many-locular, or 1-locular and 1-ovulate; fruit not a pod; stamens usually few, but if many, then flowers unisexual"	248
248	"Ovary of 4–30 carpels radiating from a central column; stamens 8–60; flowers unisexual; shrubs or slender trees of mallee regions"	Gyrostemonaceae
248	"Ovary 1–3-locular; stamens 6 or fewer (rarely to 9)"	249
249	"Ovary 1-locular; fruit single-seeded"	250
249	"Ovary 3- or 4-locular; fruit usually several-seeded (rarely 1-seeded by abortion)"	252
250	"Style simple, very short; leaves small and soon deciduous, or reduced to scales; fruit a drupe"	Santalaceae
250	"Style 2-branched from base"	251
251	"Trees; leaves broad, often scabrous, stipulate at least when young; fruit winged or a drupe"	Cannabaceae
251	"Shrubs; leaves often succulent, sometimes very small or absent, if ever broad, then never scabrous; fruit dry, but fruiting perianth sometimes inflated or fleshy; plants often from saline ground"	Chenopodiaceae
252	"Fruit with 3 or 4 sharp angles or papery wings; each locule 2-seeded; shrubs commonly viscid or resinous"	Sapindaceae
252	"Fruit not sharply angled or winged; locules 1- or 2-seeded"	253
253	"Fruit blackish, drupe-like, with 3 bony nutlets; naturalized shrub of near-coastal areas (Rhamnus)"	Rhamnaceae
253	"Fruit not drupaceous"	254
254	"Fruit of 1–4 persistent, tardily dehiscent, 1-seeded lobes; seeds with a large scarlet aril; grey-green tree or shrub of mallee"	Sapindaceae
254	"Fruit 3-chambered, readily dehiscent; seeds not red-arillate"	255
255	"Inflorescence a loose terminal (and sometimes upper-axillary) cyme or cymose panicle; flowers bisexual"	Rhamnaceae
255	"Inflorescence a spike, or flowers axillary (either solitary or densely clustered); flowers often unisexual"	256
256	"Ovules 1 per locule; seeds usually 3 per fruit; hairs, if present, often branched, or surfaces invested with peltate scales; petioles often with small glands just below leaf lamina; leaf lamina sometimes lobed."	Euphorbiaceae
256	"Ovules 2 per locule (but fruit maturing 1–6 seeds); hairs, if present, simple; petioles lacking glands; leaf lamina entire or trifoliolate"	257
257	"Stamens 6 or 9; at least some leaves opposite or in 3s; stipules minute and inconspicuous, or lacking"	Picrodendraceae
257	"Stamens 3; leaves simple and alternate; stipules sometimes small but conspicuous"	Phyllanthaceae
258	"Water plants; leaves simple, opposite, under 2 cm long; flowers minute, solitary in axils, without a perianth; fruit flattened, 4-lobed"	Plantaginaceae
258	"Terrestrial plants (but sometimes growing on mud); if flowers ever minute and solitary in axils, then perianth present"	259
259	"Flowers in simple or compound umbels"	260
259	"Flowers not in umbels"	261
260	"Leaves whorled; ovary superior; fruit a 3-locular capsule"	Molluginaceae
260	"Leaves not whorled, often compound; ovary inferior; fruit of 2 mericarps (or 1 by abortion); plants often aromatic (includes Hydrocotyle and Trachymene which are now included in Araliaceae, see note under family description)"	Apiaceae
261	"Leaves pinnate or deeply dissected"	262
261	"Leaves simple or absent"	263
262	"Leaves compound (pinnate or palmate), stipulate, more or less odourless; flowers in heads, clusters or corymbs"	Rosaceae
262	"Leaves deeply dissected but not compound, without stipules, odorous; flowers in racemes"	Brassicaceae
263	"Inflorescence of several male flowers (each of 1 stamen on a jointed pedicel), and 1 female flower (reduced to a stalked, 3-locular ovary), all grouped together in a common involucre (cyathium) having 4 or 5 crescentic or rounded glands; plants with milky latex"	Euphorbiaceae
263	"Inflorescence not as above"	264
264	"Inflorescence of 1–several heads of minute sessile flowers surrounded by involucral bracts (heads sometimes unisexual, then the females in lower leaf-axils); ovary inferior; fruit a cypsela"	Asteraceae
264	"Flowers not in true heads (but sometimes contracted in clusters); fruit not a cypsela"	265
265	"Leaves absent; stems succulent, jointed; perianth immersed in stem-joints; plants of damp saline ground"	Chenopodiaceae
265	"Leaves present and obvious; stems not succulent or conspicuously jointed"	266
266	"Leaves alternate or radical (occasionally the lowermost opposite)"	267
266	"Leaves all opposite or whorled"	276
267	"Leaves with persistent membranous stipules ensheathing the stem (sometimes shredding with age) or adnate to the petiole"	268
267	"Stipules absent or free, not stem-sheathing or fused to the petiole"	269
268	"Stiples ensheathing the stem; flowers with 2–6 perianth segments"	Polygonaceae
268	"Stipules fused to petioles; perianth absent"	Saururaceae
269	"Stipules leaf-like; perianth of 4 segments, subtended or encircled by a 4-partite epicalyx; leaves palmately lobed"	Rosaceae
269	"Stipules very small or absent; perianth without an epicalyx"	270
270	"Ovary inferior or superior, 1-locular; fruit 1-seeded"	271
270	"Ovary superior, 2–several-locular; fruit 2–several-seeded"	274
271	"Ovary inferior; flowers solitary in axils; leaves linear; rare plant of eastern highlands"	Santalaceae
271	"Ovary superior"	272
272	"Style 1, the stigma sometimes feathery; flowers 2- or 4-partite; tender herbs"	Urticaceae
272	"Styles 2 or more, free or united near base; stigmas simple; flowers mostly 5-partite"	273
273	"Perianth herbaceous; plants often of saline ground; flowers usually small and greenish (perianth sometimes enlarging and showy in fruit)"	Chenopodiaceae
273	"Perianth scarious; plants rarely of saline ground; flowers frequently quite showy"	Amaranthaceae
274	"Ovary 3-locular, 3–6-seeded"	Phyllanthaceae
274	"Ovary 2-locular, 2-seeded"	275
275	"Leaves reniform; flowers solitary in axils; sepals and stamens 5; plants prostrate, rooting at nodes"	Convolvulaceae
275	"Leaves not reniform; flowers in elongating racemes; sepals 4, stamens 4 or 6; plants more or less erect, never rooting at nodes"	Brassicaceae
276	"Leaves toothed or lobed"	277
276	"Leaves entire"	278
277	"Plants with stinging hairs"	Urticaceae
277	"Plants lacking stinging hairs"	Cannabaceae
278	"Perianth segments 2 or perianth 2-lobed, or perianth absent; stamen 1; plants often growing on mud"	Plantaginaceae
278	"Perianth segments 4 or more; stamens 3 or more"	279
279	"Leaves whorled; stipules soon deciduous; stigmas 3, virtually sessile on ovary"	Molluginaceae
279	"Leaves opposite (upper leaves sometimes alternate); stigmas not sessile"	Caryophyllaceae