1	"Plants non-green, parasitic"	Pholisma
1	"Plants green, non-parasitic"	2
2	"Ovary deeply (2)4-lobed, style base generally +- hidden within lobes; fruit 1--4 free nutlets"	3
2	"Ovary entire or shallow-lobed, style base visible; fruit generally a capsule (4 initially fused nutlets in <i>Heliotropium</i>, <i>Tiquilia</i>)"	21
3	"Nutlets spreading"	4
3	"Nutlets +- erect"	6
4	"Corolla blue to red-purple; nutlet +- spheric or disk-shaped, prickles barbed; biennial, perennial herb"	Cynoglossum
4	"Corolla white; nutlet generally compressed, prickles straight or hooked at tip, not barbed; annual"	5
5	"Calyx lobes in fruit unequal, upper 2 >> others, partly fused, arched over 1 nutlet, with 5--10 stout spines each with hooked bristles; nutlets 2"	"Harpagonella {Harpagonella palmeri}"
5	"Calyx lobes in fruit +- equal or, if unequal, upper 2 > others, free, not arched over 1 nutlet, without spines but with hooked or straight prickles; nutlets generally 4"	Pectocarya
6	"Corolla rotate; anthers 5--8 mm, closely appressed to style, separating in age"	"Borago {Borago officinalis}"
6	"Corolla salverform, funnel-shaped, or +- tubular (except <i>Symphytum</i>); anthers < 5 mm, generally not closely appressed to style"	7
7	"Flowers 1--2 per leaf axil; calyx lobes with 1--2 teeth in fruit"	"Asperugo {Asperugo procumbens}"
7	"Flowers 1 per distal leaf axil or in 1--many dense to elongate cymes, variously arranged; calyx lobes without teeth in fruit"	8
8	"Nutlet scar +- flat to strong-convex, with thick rim"	9
8	"Nutlet scar flat, curved, or grooved, without thick rim"	10
9	"Corolla appendages ovate to oblong, generally distal to anthers; corolla throat +- expanded distal to tube or tube and throat not differentiated"	Anchusa
9	"Corolla appendages lance-linear to lanceolate, at same level as anthers; corolla throat expanded distal to tube"	Symphytum
10	"Receptacle +- flat; nutlet scar generally basal (except <i>Mertensia</i>)"	11
10	"Receptacle +- conic or elongate; nutlet scar generally lateral"	16
11	"Shrub, 1--3+ m"	Echium
11	"Annual, biennial, perennial herb"	12
12	"Corolla white to yellow"	13
12	"Corolla generally blue to purple (white to yellow)"	14
13	"Corolla tube > lobes; inflorescence bracts throughout"	Lithospermum
13	"Corolla tube << lobes; inflorescence bracts at base or to middle"	"Myosotis verna"
14	"Corolla +- bilateral"	Echium
14	"Corolla radial"	15
15	"Corolla often +- cylindric or bell-shaped, blue, generally pink in bud"	Mertensia
15	"Corolla salverform or wide-funnel-shaped, generally blue, white, or yellow"	Myosotis
16	"Nutlet margin prickles generally barbed"	17
16	"Nutlet margin prickles 0 or not barbed"	18
17	"Perennial herb (biennial); pedicel recurved to reflexed in fruit; receptacle +- 1/2 nutlet"	Hackelia
17	"Annual; pedicel erect in fruit; receptacle +- = nutlet"	Lappula
18	"Corolla tube, limb orange or yellow (red-orange)"	19
18	"Corolla tube, limb white to cream-yellow"	20
19	Annual	Amsinckia
19	"Perennial herb"	"Cryptantha confertiflora"
20	"Nutlet adaxially grooved distal to scar, scar raised or generally not"	Cryptantha
20	"Nutlet adaxially keeled distal to scar; scar generally raised"	Plagiobothrys
21	"Shrub, small tree"	22
21	"Annual, perennial herb, subshrub"	23
22	"Leaf blade < 6 cm wide; stamens included; stigmas not lobed; seeds 2--15"	Eriodictyon
22	"Leaf blade (3-)10--35 cm wide; stamens exserted; stigmas 2-lobed; seeds >= 200"	"Wigandia {Wigandia urens}"
23	"Calyx lobes not alike, outer 3 cordate"	"Tricardia {Tricardia watsonii}"
23	"Calyx lobes alike or not, not cordate"	24
24	"Calyx sinus appendages generally present (0 in <i>Pholistoma membranaceum</i>, sometimes 0 in <i>Nemophila pulchella</i>); annual"	25
24	"Calyx sinus appendages 0; annual, perennial herb, subshrub"	26
25	"Ovary, fruit hairy, not bristly"	Nemophila
25	"Ovary, fruit bristly-hairy"	Pholistoma
26	"Styles 2, clearly distinct throughout length"	27
26	"Styles 0--1, 2-lobed or not, sometimes nearly to base"	30
27	"Plant 1--3 m"	"Eriodictyon parryi"
27	"Plant generally < 0.5 m"	28
28	Annual	Nama
28	"Perennial herb"	29
29	"Leaves entire; inflorescence not spheric, interrupted by leaf-like bracts"	"Eriodictyon lobbii"
29	"Leaves crenate-dentate; inflorescence spheric, not interrupted by leaf-like bracts"	"Nama rothrockii"
30	"Leaves cauline, opposite"	"Draperia {Draperia systyla}"
30	"Leaves basal or, if cauline, at least some alternate"	31
31	"Ovary +- lobed; fruit nutlets"	32
31	"Ovary not lobed; fruit a capsule"	33
32	"Style 0 or not lobed; stigma 1"	Heliotropium
32	"Style deeply 2-lobed; stigmas 2"	Tiquilia
33	Annual	34
33	"Perennial herb"	37
34	"Herbage sticky; ovules on both sides of placenta; 1--2 seeds persistent in fruit"	Eucrypta
34	"Herbage generally not sticky (except <i>Emmenanthe</i>, some <i>Phacelia</i> species); ovules on 1 side of placenta; seeds not persistent in fruit"	35
35	"Stamens generally unequal, attached at different levels"	Nama
35	"Stamens generally equal, attached +- at same level"	36
36	"Flowers +- subspreading to pendent; corolla persistent, white, yellow, or pink, in age papery"	Emmenanthe
36	"Flowers spreading to erect; corolla generally deciduous, blue to purple, occasionally persistent, yellow (purple), in age not papery"	Phacelia
37	"Plant with fleshy-fibrous or tuber-like roots or base bulb-like; style +- 2-lobed"	38
37	"Plant taprooted, base not bulb-like, tubers 0; style 2-lobed to -branched"	39
38	"Leaves compound to simple, deep-lobed, sinuses reaching midrib, stamens exserted; seeds 1--3"	Hydrophyllum
38	"Leaves simple, entire, toothed, or lobed, sinuses not reaching midrib; stamens included; seeds many"	Romanzoffia
39	"Inflorescence many-flowered; leaves generally lobed to compound, sometimes entire"	Phacelia
39	"Inflorescence 1--several-flowered; leaves entire"	40
40	"Inflorescence 1-flowered; style tip 2-lobed; seeds many"	Hesperochiron
40	"Inflorescence 1--several-flowered; style cleft +- to base; seeds 2--4"	"Howellanthus {Howellanthus dalesianus}"