1	"Plant ± purple, brown, tan, or yellow-white, not green (holoparasites); leaves reduced to ± fleshy bracts; corolla upper lip entire or 2-lobed"	2
1	"Plant generally green at least in part (hemiparasites); leaves normally expanded; upper corolla lip fused into a beak or hood"	4
2	"Inflorescence glabrous; bracts widely and closely overlapping, inrolled at tip; tip of upper corolla lip incurved at maturity; capsule 3–4 valved"	Kopsiopsis
2	"Inflorescence hairy; bracts little or not overlapping, erect or recurved at tip; upper corolla lip straight to recurved at maturity; capsule 2-valved"	3
3	"Calyx 4-lobed, cut deeper on upper side"	"Phelipanche {Phelipanche ramosa}"
3	"Calyx 5-lobed, cut equally or deeper on lower side"	Aphyllon
4	"Leaves opposite, at least distally on stem"	5
4	"Leaves alternate or ± basal"	6
5	"Upper corolla lip pink, lower lip white; calyx lobes unequal; fruit generally wider than long"	"Bellardia {Bellardia trixago}"
5	"Corolla yellow or red-purple; calyx lobes ± equal; fruit longer than wide"	Parentucellia
6	"Tip of upper 2 corolla lobes not rounded, open, opening directed forward, forming a beak"	7
6	"Tip of upper 2 corolla lobes rounded, closed, opening directed downward forming a hood enclosing anthers and style"	8
7	"Annual to subshrub; anther sacs 2 per stamen; corolla throat not indented (except <i>Castilleja campestris</i>); seed coat generally loose-fitting"	Castilleja
7	"Annual; anther sac 1 per stamen; corolla throat generally abruptly indented forming a fold proximal to lower lip; seed coat generally tight-fitting"	Triphysaria
8	"Anther sacs 2 per stamen, equal; leaves toothed or generally > 7-lobed"	Pedicularis
8	"Anther sac 1 per stamen or 2, unequal; leaves entire or lobes 3&ndash;7(11)"	9
9	"Calyx unequally 4-lobed; bracts distinct from leaves or not; lower corolla lip generally 3-toothed; inflorescence a spike"	Orthocarpus
9	"Calyx sheath-like, occasionally &plusmn; notched; bracts grading from leaf-like to calyx-like; lower corolla lip 3-lobed; inflorescence various"	10
10	"Leaves entire and linear, or palmately 3&ndash;7-lobed, segments narrow; inflorescence a short dense spike, < 2(5) cm, or flowers 1, scattered; fertile stamens (2)4; middle lobe of lower corolla lip tightly rolled under, tip distinctly folded inside-out"	Cordylanthus
10	"Leaves entire and oblong to lanceolate, or pinnately lobed; inflorescence an elongated spike, generally > 3 cm; fertile stamens 2 (except <i>Chloropyron maritimum</i>), sterile stamens reduced to rudimentary filaments or bearing sterile, long-hairy, appendages; middle lobe of lower corolla lip erect, not rolled under"	11
11	"Leaves entire; calyx = or slightly < corolla, notched &plusmn; 1 mm at tip; anther sacs &plusmn; overlapping; saline and alkaline habitats"	Chloropyron
11	"Leaves pinnately lobed; calyx &plusmn; 1/2 corolla, divided > 1/2; anther sacs widely separated; not in saline or alkaline habitats"	"Dicranostegia {Dicranostegia orcuttiana}"