1	"Flower inconspicuous; sepals 4; petals 0; stamens 8"	"Chrysosplenium {Chrysosplenium glechomifolium}"
1	"Flower +- conspicuous; sepals 5; petals generally 5 (rarely 0, 2, or 4); stamens generally 5 or 10 (rarely 3)"	2
2	"Flower slightly to strongly bilateral"	3
2	"Flower +- radial"	6
3	"Stamens 3; petals 4; hypanthium open on lower side"	"Tolmiea {Tolmiea diplomenziesii}"
3	"Stamens 5, petals 0, 2, or 5; hypanthium open or closed on lower side"	4
4	"Petals 2 (alternate upper sepals), recurved; hypanthium open on lower side, +- free from ovary"	"Bensoniella {Bensoniella oregona}"
4	"Petals 0 or 5, not recurved; hypanthium closed on lower side, partly fused to ovary"	5
5	"Inflorescence bulblets 0; petals 0 or not spotted"	Heuchera
5	"Proximal flowers replaced by bulblets; some petals +- 2-spotted"	Micranthes
6	"Stamens 5"	7
6	"Stamens 10"	13
7	"Ovary superior --- petals triangular, long-tapered; caudex with bulblets"	"Bolandra {Bolandra californica}"
7	"Ovary generally > 1/2-inferior, at least in flower"	8
8	"Leaves basal and cauline; ovary chambers 2, placentas 2, axile"	9
8	"Leaves generally basal (at most 3 cauline and reduced); ovary chamber 1, placentas 2, parietal"	10
9	"Leaf blade lobed < 3/4 to base, largest generally >> 4 cm wide; flowers > 15; inflorescence +- flat-topped or +- tapered to tip, branches generally > 3, with flowers generally on 1 side"	Boykinia
9	"Leaf blade lobed nearly to base, largest 1--4 cm wide; flowers < 15; inflorescence +- flat-topped, branches generally < 3, with flowers on all sides"	"Hemieva {Hemieva ranunculifolia}"
10	"Inflorescence a panicle; petals +- entire"	Heuchera
10	"Inflorescence a raceme (spike); petals lobed"	11
11	"Petals generally 3-lobed at tip, lobes narrowly triangular to elliptic; hypanthium widely obconic to bell-shaped"	Ozomelis
11	"Petals pinnately lobed, lobes 4--10, linear; hypanthium saucer-shaped"	12
12	"Cauline leaves 1--3; inflorescence blooming from tip to base; filaments >> anthers, +- 2/3 sepal"	"Mitellastra {Mitellastra caulescens}"
12	"Cauline leaves 0 (occasionally 1); inflorescence blooming from base to tip; filaments (short) < anthers"	Pectiantia
13	"Inflorescence appearing before leaves"	14
13	"Inflorescence not appearing before leaves"	15
14	"Leaves peltate, generally > 1 dm wide; inflorescence 7--20 dm; flower not heterostylous"	"Darmera {Darmera peltata}"
14	"Leaves not peltate, << 1 dm wide; inflorescence < 3 dm; flower heterostylous"	Jepsonia
15	"Pistils 2; fruit follicle"	Micranthes
15	"Pistil 1; fruit capsule"	16
16	"Ovary chamber 1, placentas parietal"	17
16	"Ovary chambers 2, placentas +- axile (rarely distally marginal in ovary lobes)"	19
17	"Styles 3"	Lithophragma
17	"Styles 2"	18
18	"Inflorescence a spike-like raceme; fruit valves equal, narrow; petal lobes +- 5--7, linear"	"Tellima {Tellima grandiflora}"
18	"Inflorescence a raceme-like panicle; fruit valves unequal, wide; petal lobes 0"	Tiarella
19	"Leaf blade jointed to petiole and falling before it; styles generally fused at base, at least in flower"	"Saxifragopsis {Saxifragopsis fragarioides}"
19	"Leaf blade not jointed to petiole nor falling before it; styles free throughout"	20
20	"Cauline leaves 0 (if present, then all leaves entire); leaves not lobed"	Micranthes
20	"Cauline leaves present, sometimes strongly reduced; some leaves lobed"	21
21	"Stems trailing; basal leaves 0; cauline leaves evenly spaced along stem; seeds spiny"	"Cascadia {Cascadia nuttallii}"
21	"Stems erect or trailing; basal leaves present or if 0, then cauline leaves mostly near base; seeds finely papillate"	Saxifraga