1	"Ovary or carpels superior, or if inferior the calyx tube not becoming fleshy"	2
1	"Ovary usually inferior with calyx tube becoming fleshy"	11
2	"Ovules 2 in each carpel"	3
2	"Ovules 1 in each carpel"	4
3	"Calyx or calyx lobes deciduous, trees or shrubs"	Prunus
3	"Calyx or calyx lobes persistent; receptacle conical or globose"	Rubus
4	"Petals absent; ovary inferior or included in calyx tube at fruiting"	5
4	"Petals present"	8
5	"Flowers stalkless in long stalked leafless heads or spikes, epicalyx absent"	6
5	"Flowers in leafy cymes, epicalyx present"	7
6	"Receptacle spiny at fruiting stage, stamens 2 to 10"	Acaena
6	"Receptacle not spiny at fruiting stage, stamens 4 to 30"	"Sanguisorba {Sanguisorba minor}"
7	"Leaves more or less kidney-shaped, flowers in cymose panicles"	"Alchemilla {Alchemilla xanthochlora}"
7	"Leaves fan-shaped, flowers in axillary cluster"	Aphanes
8	"Ovary inferior"	"Agrimonia {Agrimonia eupatoria}"
8	"Ovary superior"	9
9	"Styles persistent, long, hooked at fruiting, carpels in dense hairy cluster"	Geum
9	"Styles deciduous, short, not hooked at fruiting, carpels not forming a hairy cluster"	10
10	"Leaves with 9–20 leaflets, pinnate"	"Argentina {Argentina anserina}"
10	"Leaves with 3–7 leaflets, pinnate or digitate"	Potentilla
11	"Carpels many, achene fruits free within enlarged more or less fleshy receptacle (hips)"	Rosa
11	"Carpels 1-5, fruits surrounded by or submerged within fleshy receptacle"	12
12	"Fruits drupaceous and bony, containing 1 to 5 seeds"	13
12	"Fruits pomaceous, the carpels with leathery or papery walls inside"	15
13	"Unarmed shrubs, leaves entire or nearly so, 2 to 5 seeds"	Cotoneaster
13	"Thorny trees and shrubs"	14
14	"Leaves deeply lobed, wedge-shaped at base, seeds 1 to 2"	Crataegus
14	"Leaves entire, seeds 5"	Pyracantha
15	"Inflorescence a corymb or panicle"	16
15	"Inflorescence an umbel, raceme, or flower solitary"	17
16	"Leaves simple, evergreen, more than 10 cm long"	"Eriobotrya {Eriobotrya japonica}"
16	"Leaves pinnate or simple, deciduous"	Sorbus
17	"Carpels 4- to many-seeded, flowers solitary"	18
17	"Carpels 1- to 2-seeded, flowers in clusters"	19
18	"Sepals deciduous, styles fused at base"	"Chaenomeles {Chaenomeles speciosa}"
18	"Sepals persistent, styles unfused"	"Cydonia {Cydonia oblonga}"
19	"Leaves evergreen, ovary 2-chambered"	Rhaphiolepis
19	"Leaves deciduous, ovary 2-to 5-chambered"	20
20	"Fruit globose; styles fused at the base"	"Malus {Malus pumila}"
20	"Fruit top-shaped or with pronounced waist, styles unfused at the base"	Pyrus