1	"Annual, biennial, taproot generally slender"	2
1	"Perennial herb, from rhizome or simple to branched, woody caudex"	12
2	"Calyx tube clearly 16--30-veined"	3
2	"Calyx tube clearly 10-veined"	5
3	"Styles 5; petal limb +- entire to 2-lobed; fruit teeth 10; flower pistillate"	"Silene latifolia"
3	"Styles generally 3; petal limb entire to notched; fruit teeth 3; flower bisexual"	4
4	"Calyx 8--12 mm; petal appendages 0"	"Silene coniflora"
4	"Calyx 18--26 mm; petal appendages 2--5 mm"	"Silene conoidea"
5	"Pedicel, calyx glabrous"	6
5	"Pedicel, calyx hairy"	7
6	"Upper leaves linear to oblanceolate; upper internodes generally sticky; calyx not constricted to a narrow tube"	"Silene antirrhina"
6	"Upper leaves oblanceolate to ovate; upper internodes not sticky; calyx constricted to a narrow tube"	"Silene armeria"
7	"Pedicels 0--5 mm; flowers generally 1 per node; inflorescence +- 1-sided"	8
7	"Some pedicels > 5 mm; some nodes with 2--3 flowers; inflorescence not 1-sided"	9
8	"Calyx densely short-hairy, not glandular; petal limb 5--12 mm, lobed >= 1/2 length; styles exserted; inflorescence bracts thin, +- translucent"	"Silene dichotoma subsp. dichotoma"
8	"Calyx glandular-hairy especially on veins; petal limb 2--5 mm, entire to notched; styles included; inflorescence bracts thick, opaque"	"Silene gallica"
9	"Petals bright pink; calyx lobes 2--3 mm"	10
9	"Petals white, yellow-white, or +- pink; calyx lobes 3--13 mm"	11
10	"Petals 2-lobed"	"Silene pendula"
10	"Petals entire"	"Silene pseudatocion"
11	"Calyx tube veins not clearly net-like, lobes generally 3--6 mm, acute to acuminate; flowers staminate"	"Silene latifolia"
11	"Calyx tube veins net-like above middle, lobes 6--13 mm, generally long-tapered; flowers bisexual"	"Silene noctiflora"
12	"Corolla bright red"	13
12	"Corolla white, +- red, purple, or yellow-white or -green to green"	15
13	"Petal lobes 2--4; plants 4--10(15) cm"	"Silene serpentinicola"
13	"Petal lobes 4--6; plants 20--70 cm"	14
14	"Cauline leaves widely lanceolate to ovate; fruit ovoid"	"Silene laciniata subsp. californica"
14	"Cauline leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate; fruit +- oblong to ovoid"	"Silene laciniata subsp. laciniata"
15	"Calyx clearly +- inflated (papery in <i>Silene vulgaris</i>)"	16
15	"Calyx not clearly inflated or papery in fruit"	17
16	"Calyx 12--20 mm, short-hairy, 10- or +- 20-veined, lobes 3--6 mm; fruit ovoid"	"Silene latifolia"
16	"Calyx 7--10 mm, generally glabrous, faintly 10--15-veined, lobes 1--3 mm; fruit +- spheric"	"Silene vulgaris"
17	"Petal claw tapered to limb; appendages 0"	18
17	"Petal claw and limb junction generally abrupt, often narrowed; appendages 2--6, 0.5--4 mm"	19
18	"Calyx lobes 4--5 mm, slightly < tube; petal 4-lobed, claw +- fusiform, short-woolly below middle; s SNH"	"Silene aperta"
18	"Calyx lobes 1--2 mm, << tube; petals entire to slightly notched, claw gradually tapered to limb, glabrous to sparsely short-hairy below middle; KR, s CaRH, c&n SNH"	"Silene invisa"
19	"Petal limb 2-lobed, sometimes short-toothed near base"	20
19	"Petal limb generally 4--8-lobed"	30
20	"Basal, lower cauline leaves densely tufted, fleshy, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, generally < 40 mm, < 5 mm wide; flowering stems generally < 30 cm"	21
20	"Basal leaves not densely tufted, not fleshy, generally lanceolate to oblanceolate, some > 30 mm, > 5 mm wide; some flowering stems > 30 cm"	23
21	"Seeds 2--3 mm; calyx 8--10 mm; petal limb 3--5 mm; basal leaves 1--5 mm wide"	"Silene grayi"
21	"Seeds 1--2 mm; calyx 9--15 mm; petal limb 2.5--3.5 mm; basal leaves 1.5--3.5 mm wide"	22
22	"Walls between calyx hair cells clear; plant 10--15(20) cm; calyx lobes 2--3 mm; SNH, SNE"	"Silene sargentii"
22	"Walls between calyx hair cells purple; plant 3--10 cm; calyx lobes 1--2 mm; CaRH"	"Silene suksdorfii"
23	"Petals < 10 mm, calyx 5--7 mm; petal appendages < 0.5 mm"	"Silene menziesii"
23	"Petals > 10 mm, calyx 7--20 mm; petal appendages > 1 mm"	24
24	"Flowers nodding; stamens, styles much exserted"	"Silene bridgesii"
24	"Flowers spreading to generally erect; stamens, styles +- not exserted"	25
25	"Pedicel, calyx puberulent, not glandular, rarely glabrous"	26
25	"Pedicel, calyx glandular-puberulent to -hairy"	27
26	"Calyx base truncate to rounded in fruit; basal leaves, lower internodes glabrous to sparsely puberulent"	"Silene douglasii var. douglasii"
26	"Calyx base narrowed in fruit; basal leaves, lower internodes moderately to densely puberulent, +- finely scabrous or not"	"Silene verecunda"
27	"Basal leaves mostly > 10 mm wide, oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic"	28
27	"Basal, lower cauline leaves 0 or withering (if present, most < 10 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblanceolate)"	29
28	"Cauline leaves << basal leaves; cauline leaf pairs < 3; fruit stalk 1--2 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; calyx lobe veins wider than tube veins; > 1200 m"	"Silene nuda"
28	"Cauline leaves gradually reduced upward; cauline leaf pairs > 4; fruit stalk 3--6 mm, puberulent to woolly; calyx lobe veins +- as wide as tube veins; < 300 m"	"Silene scouleri subsp. scouleri"
29	"Middle cauline leaves (3)5--10 mm wide; calyx lobe margins membranous"	"Silene marmorensis"
29	"Middle cauline leaves < 6 mm wide; calyx lobe margin generally translucent"	"Silene verecunda"
30	"Calyx 15--40 mm; corolla 20--30 mm"	31
30	"Calyx 5--20(25) mm; corolla generally < 20 mm (< 50 mm in <i>Silene occidentalis</i>)"	32
31	"Petals pink to rose-red, limbs 14--20 mm; s CaRH"	"Silene occidentalis"
31	"Petals yellow-white, limbs 7--10 mm; SnGb, SnBr, e PR"	"Silene parishii"
32	"Calyx tube generally <= 10 mm"	33
32	"Calyx tube generally > 10 mm"	37
33	"Calyx tube cylindric, length > width; stamens, styles > petal claws; petal claw short-woolly"	"Silene lemmonii"
33	"Calyx tube bell-shaped or elliptic, length +- = width; stamens, styles = to +- > petal claws; petal claw glabrous or ciliate at base"	34
34	"Petals 5--11 mm, limb 2--4-lobed; fruit stalk glabrous; flowers generally ascending to erect; calyx lobes generally < 2 mm"	35
34	"Petals 12--20 mm, limb 4--6(8)-lobed; fruit stalk puberulent; flowers nodding to +- spreading; calyx lobes 2--5 mm"	36
35	"Leaves linear to oblanceolate; internodes 2--3 &times; > leaves; calyx clearly veined; petal lobes 4, outer generally > inner"	"Silene grayi"
35	"Leaves lanceolate to elliptic; internodes < leaves; calyx faintly veined; petal lobes generally 2"	"Silene menziesii"
36	"Leaves 2--10 mm wide, linear to lanceolate"	"Silene campanulata subsp. campanulata"
36	"Leaves 10--30 mm wide, lanceolate to +- round"	"Silene campanulata subsp. glandulosa"
37	"Upper cauline leaves generally overlapping or exceeding pedicels; calyx canescent to soft-white-hairy; petal limb +- = claw, lobes > 10 mm"	38
37	"Flowers located well above cauline leaves; calyx short-glandular-hairy; petal limb 1/3--1/2 &times; claw, lobes < 8 mm"	40
38	"Stems glandular-puberulent above; petal lobes equal or outer < inner, +- linear or lanceolate to broadly oblong, 5--10 mm, appendages 2, linear; stamens included"	"Silene hookeri"
38	"Stems soft-shaggy-hairy or canescent above; petal lobes equal, linear, 15--25 mm, stamens long-exserted."	39
39	"Petal limb white with +- green center or +- pink, appendages 0"	"Silene bolanderi"
39	"Petal limb salmon-orange, appendages present"	"Silene salmonacea"
40	"Fruit stalk 4--7 mm; petal limb 7--17 mm; calyx > 15 mm"	"Silene occidentalis"
40	"Fruit stalk 2--5 mm; petal limb 3--7 mm; calyx generally < 15(18) mm"	41
41	"Petal appendages 2, deeply cut or fringed; petal claw, stamen base ciliate"	"Silene bernardina"
41	"Petal appendages 4--6, entire; petal claw, stamen base glabrous"	"Silene oregana"