1 "Perennial herb from stout, fleshy caudex; calyx tube generally > lobes" "Chenopodium californicum" 1 "Annual; calyx tube generally < lobes" 2 2 "Seeds all vertical or both horizontal and vertical; calyx lobes generally 3(4) in flowers with vertical fruit, 4--5 in flowers with horizontal fruit" 3 2 "Most or all seeds horizontal; calyx lobes generally 5" 10 3 "Leaf blade white-powdery abaxially, margins acutely-toothed" "Chenopodium glaucum var. salinum" 3 "Leaf blade glabrous abaxially at least in age, margins entire to variously toothed" 4 4 "Leaf blade thick to fleshy, margin generally serrate, abaxially +- densely powdery and becoming glabrous" "Chenopodium macrospermum" 4 "Leaf blade thin, margin entire or toothed, generally glabrous" 5 5 "Flower clusters 3--10 mm diam, in unbranched terminal and/or axillary spikes; sepals generally red, fleshy in fruit; all seeds vertical" 6 5 "Flower clusters 2--4 mm diam, in axillary branched spikes; sepals green, membranous; seeds generally vertical, occasionally horizontal" 8 6 "Flower clusters subtended by leafy bracts throughout inflorescence; stamens generally 1; fruit maturing from base to tip of plant" "Chenopodium foliosum" 6 "Flower clusters subtended by leafy bracts only in proximal 1/2 of inflorescence; stamens 3; fruit maturing from tip to base of plant" 7 7 "Flower clusters 6--10 mm diam; fruit red, fleshy; leaf blade base truncate to cordate (hastate), margin generally sharply toothed" "Chenopodium capitatum var. capitatum" 7 "Flower clusters 3--5 mm diam; fruit green to red, not fleshy; leaf blade base tapered to truncate, margin entire or +- toothed" "Chenopodium capitatum var. parvicapitatum" 8 "Vertical seeds enclosed by calyx tube; stamen 1" "Chenopodium chenopodioides" 8 "Vertical seeds subtended by calyx lobes, lobes fused only at base; stamens 2--3" 9 9 "Stem prostrate to spreading; leaf margin entire or shallowly toothed" "Chenopodium rubrum var. humile" 9 "Stem erect to ascending; leaf margin deeply toothed" "Chenopodium rubrum var. rubrum" 10 "Flowers 1 or in cymes, arranged in axillary and terminal panicles or branched spikes; leaf blade glabrous to +- powdery abaxially" "Chenopodium simplex" 10 "Flower clusters in terminal and/or axillary spikes and/or panicles; leaf blade generally powdery" 11 11 "Primary leaves not fleshy, generally 2-lobed, generally toothed on margin" 12 11 "Primary leaves +- fleshy, entire or 1--2 pairs of lobes or teeth near base" 18 12 "Fruit wall pitted at 20×" 13 12 "Fruit wall not pitted at 20×" 15 13 "Plant scented; proximal leaf blades entire to 2-lobed or toothed near base, densely powdery; fruit wall, seed coat +- white" "Chenopodium watsonii" 13 "Plant generally not scented; all leaf blades entire, or 2-lobed near base and serrate or irregularly toothed, powdery; fruit wall brown, seed coat black" 14 14 "Style base not yellow in fruit; seed 1--1.3 mm diam" "Chenopodium berlandieri var. sinuatum" 14 "Style base yellow in fruit; seed 1.2--1.5 mm diam" "Chenopodium berlandieri var. zschackei" 15 "Leaf powdery in youth, especially abaxially, or generally glabrous; fruit wall scale-like at 20×; seed margin sharply angled" "Chenopodium murale" 15 "Leaf powdery; fruit wall smooth or papillate at 20×; seed margin rounded or ridged" 16 16 "Leaf blade sides +- parallel from near base, generally not lobed, generally finely serrate; fruit wall smooth, generally attached to seed in age" "Chenopodium strictum var. glaucophyllum" 16 "Leaf blade sides not parallel, generally lobed or toothed; fruit wall papillate or smooth, generally free from seed in age" 17 17 "Plant to 1 m; inflorescence branches straight; flower clusters generally in axillary and terminal branched spikes" "Chenopodium album" 17 "Plant to 2 m; inflorescence branches +- curved or pendent; flower clusters in axillary and terminal spikes or panicles" "Chenopodium missouriense" 18 "Leaf blade 1-veined from base, entire" 19 18 "Leaf blade 3-veined from base, entire or 1--2 pairs of lobes or teeth near base" 20 19 "Leaf blade 4--6 mm wide, generally linear to narrowly lanceolate (elliptic), powdery abaxially, tip generally acuminate; inflorescence dense" "Chenopodium desiccatum" 19 "Leaf blade generally < 3.5 mm wide, linear, densely powdery abaxially, tip +- round; inflorescence open" "Chenopodium leptophyllum" 20 "Leaf blade length 3--many × width" 21 20 "Leaf blade length to 3 × width" 23 21 "Fruit wall attached to seed" "Chenopodium hians" 21 "Fruit wall free from seed" 22 22 "Plant erect to spreading; leaf blade length 3--many × width, entire; calyx lobes generally enclosing fruit in age; seed coat warty" "Chenopodium desiccatum" 22 "Plant generally erect; leaf blade length 3--5 × width, entire or generally 1--2 lobes near base; calyx lobes +- spreading in age; seed coat wrinkled" "Chenopodium pratericola" 23 "Leaf blade length 2--3 × width, elliptic, lanceolate, or oblong" 24 23 "Leaf blade length generally < 2 × width, +- diamond-shaped to ovate, deltate, or elliptic" 25 24 "Plant erect, branched; leaf base generally rounded to tapered, tip generally obtuse to round, petiole generally strongly upcurved; fruit wall smooth" "Chenopodium atrovirens" 24 "Plant prostrate to ascending, branched from base; leaf tip acute to round, petiole not upcurved; fruit wall papillate" "Chenopodium littoreum" 25 "Fruit wall attached to seed" 26 25 "Fruit wall free from seed" 27 26 "Plant not ill-smelling, spheric in fruit, many-branched distally, branches forked in pairs; leaves entire or generally 2-lobed, occasionally toothed; seed < 0.8 mm" "Chenopodium nevadense" 26 "Plant ill-smelling, not spheric in fruit, few-branched from base, branches not forked in pairs; leaves entire; seed > 0.9 mm" "Chenopodium vulvaria" 27 "Inflorescence clusters in spikes; leaves +- powdery abaxially; lobes near leaf base spreading; fruit visible between calyx lobes in age; seed margin thick, square in ×-section" "Chenopodium fremontii" 27 "Inflorescence clusters in panicles; leaves moderately to densely powdery abaxially; lobes near leaf base occasionally spreading; fruit hidden by calyx lobes in age; seed margin obtuse in ×-section" "Chenopodium incanum var. occidentale"