1 "Stem below surface, not elongate, generally simple; leaves vernal, +- petioled (basally generally < 1 cm wide, generally narrowed to < 4 mm wide) --- petals, fruit generally spreading (subg. Hasseanthus)" 2 1 "Stem above surface or +- buried by moving substrate, often elongate, often branched; leaves generally evergreen, +- not petioled (basally generally 1--5 cm wide, generally not narrowed to < 4 mm wide)" 7 2 "Flower odor 0; petals yellow; fruit spreading" 3 2 "Flower odor musky-sweet; petals white to pale yellow; fruit ascending to spreading" 4 3 "Leaves 4--15 cm, linear, +- narrowed above base, tip sharply acute; petals fused 1--2 mm" "Dudleya multicaulis" 3 "Leaves 1--7 cm, oblanceolate to spoon-shaped, strongly narrowed above base (to generally 0.5--3 mm wide) tip acute to obtuse; petals fused 0.5--1 mm" "Dudleya variegata" 4 "Petals ascending, 7--14 mm, 3.5--5.5 mm wide, fused 1--2 mm; fruit ascending; leaf base 3--12 mm wide" "Dudleya nesiotica" 4 "Petals spreading, 5--10 mm, 2--4 mm wide, fused generally < 1 mm; fruit spreading; leaf base 1--4 mm wide" 5 5 "Lower bracts < 1.5 × longer than wide; leaves 7--15 mm, +- spheric to spoon-shaped; petiole narrow" "Dudleya brevifolia" 5 "Lower bracts > 2 × longer than wide; leaves 10--60 mm, +- oblanceolate to club-shaped; petiole +- narrow" 6 6 "Leaves generally < 12, not to +- glaucous; s CCo, SCo, Santa Cruz Island" "Dudleya blochmaniae subsp. blochmaniae" 6 "Leaves generally > 15, glaucous or +- so; n ChI (Santa Rosa Island)" "Dudleya blochmaniae subsp. insularis" 7 "Petals erect below, +- spreading from near middle; fruit ascending to spreading" 8 7 "Petals erect below, erect to ascending from near middle, +- spreading at tips; fruit generally erect to +- spreading" 14 8 "Stem generally < 3 cm between branches; plant generally < 2 dm across; mainland" 9 8 "Stem generally > 3 cm between branches; plant 0.5--10 dm across; mainland or ChI" 11 9 "Leaves sticky, appearing oily, odor resinous" "Dudleya viscida" 9 "Leaves not sticky, not appearing oily, odor 0 or not resinous" 10 10 "Leaves covered with white powdery wax, appearing white; styles 2--3 mm; pedicels 2--5 mm; SnGb (Los Angeles Co.)" "Dudleya densiflora" 10 "Leaves lightly covered with thin, translucent wax, appearing olive-green; styles 1--2 mm; pedicels 1--2 mm; SCo, PR" "Dudleya edulis" 11 "Leaves in ×-section round nearly to base, 2--4 mm thick" "Dudleya attenuata subsp. attenuata" 11 "Leaves in ×-section +- elliptic or in upper 1/2 round, 4--6 mm thick" 12 12 "Leaves green, rarely glaucous; outer leaves lax to erect; dry peduncle easily broken; s ChI (San Clemente Island)" "Dudleya virens subsp. virens" 12 "Leaves white, gray, or green, occasionally with red or pink, generally glaucous; outer leaves ascending to erect; dry peduncle not easily broken; SCo (near San Pedro, Los Angeles Co.), s ChI (San Nicolas, Santa Catalina, San Clemente islands)" 13 13 "Leaves +- round in ×-section in upper 1/2, 15--30, 3--10(15) cm, 5--10(15) mm wide; peduncle 10--30 cm, ascending or erect" "Dudleya virens subsp. hassei" 13 "Leaves +- wide-elliptic in ×-section in upper 1/2, 20--50, 6--25 cm, 10--32 mm wide; peduncle 6--70 cm, erect" "Dudleya virens subsp. insularis" 14 "Petals fused +- 1/2 length; pedicels in fruit often sharply bent; rosette white, 7--60 cm across" 15 14 "Petals fused < 1/3 length; pedicels in fruit not sharply bent; rosette green or white, 0.5--55 cm across" 16 15 "Stem 1--4 cm wide; leaves 15--25, generally 5--15 cm; pedicels 5--15(20) mm; flowers generally erect" "Dudleya arizonica" 15 "Stem 4--9 cm wide; leaves 40--60, 8--25(27) cm; pedicels 5--30(35) mm; flowers pendent" "Dudleya pulverulenta" 16 "Petals adaxially cream, white, or pale yellow, margins +- jagged or not; petal keel +- not raised, +- marked with red-pink or purple" 17 16 "Petals adaxially red, orange, yellow, yellow-green, or bright yellow-green, margins entire; petal keel often raised, rarely marked with red-pink or purple" 27 17 "Stem often > 8 cm, 10--80 mm wide; peduncle 4.5--54 cm; leaf 2.5--22 cm" 18 17 "Stem < 8 cm, 1.5--30 mm wide; peduncle 2--25(40) cm; leaf 0.5--11 cm" 20 18 "Stem swollen at base; leaf +- thin; rosettes generally 1" "Dudleya candelabrum" 18 "Stem not swollen at base; leaf +- thick; rosettes 1--100+" 19 19 "Leaf tip generally obtuse, margin with >= 2 angles between ad-, abaxial surfaces; upper margins of adjacent petals not touching; NCo, n&c CCo" "Dudleya farinosa" 19 "Leaf tip generally acute, margin with 0--1(2) angles between ad-, abaxial surfaces; upper margins of adjacent petals generally touching; n ChI" "Dudleya greenei" 20 "Leaf wounding red or purple-red at base; inflorescence 1° branches generally simple" 21 20 "Leaf generally not wounding red or purple-red at base; inflorescence 1° branches simple to branched" 23 21 "Leaf +- deciduous in summer, +- round in ×-section; petals often purple-tinged near tip, with few purple flecks; s CCo, s SCoRO (San Luis Obispo Co.)" "Dudleya abramsii subsp. bettinae" 21 "Leaf generally dry but +- not deciduous in summer; +- elliptic in ×-section; petals not purple-tinged near tip, with purple-flecks throughout or not" 22 22 "Lower bracts 10--30 mm; s SCoRO (San Luis Obispo Co.); on serpentine" "Dudleya abramsii subsp. murina" 22 "Lower bracts 4--15 mm; s SNH, PR; not on serpentine, generally on granite" "Dudleya abramsii subsp. abramsii" 23 "Leaf triangular to triangular-ovate; petals pale yellow to medium yellow; insular (Santa Rosa Island)" "Dudleya gnoma" 23 "Leaf not triangular to triangular-ovate; petals +- pale yellow; not insular" 24 24 "Rosettes 1--few; not on granite or limestone, often on serpentine or volcanics" 25 24 "Rosettes 1--50; on granite or limestone" 26 25 "Inflorescence 1° branches generally simple; pedicels 2--7 mm; peduncle 5--20 cm; se SnFrB (s Santa Clara Valley); on serpentine" "Dudleya abramsii subsp. setchellii" 25 "Inflorescence 1° branches often branched; pedicels 3--12 mm; peduncle 5--25(40) cm; SnJV, SnFrB, SCoRI (Contra Costa Co. to w Fresno Co.); on serpentine or not" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. paniculata" 26 "Leaves lance-oblong to lanceolate to subcylindric; inflorescence 1° branches generally branched; s SNH" "Dudleya abramsii subsp. calcicola" 26 "Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate; inflorescence 1° branches generally simple; SnBr" "Dudleya abramsii subsp. affinis" 27 "Plant stoloned or stem branched; fruit ascending" 28 27 "Plant simple or branched by stems; fruit +- erect" 29 28 "Plant stoloned; c SCo (San Joaquin Hills, Orange Co.)" "Dudleya stolonifera" 28 "Plant stem branched; ChI (Santa Barbara Co.)" "Dudleya traskiae" 29 "Plant generally < 10 cm wide (except in deep shade or years with high rainfall); leaves 0.8--3 × longer than wide" 30 29 "Plant 0.5--100 cm+ wide; leaves (2.5)3--10 × longer than wide" 35 30 "Peduncle erect, inflorescence +- symmetric radially, 1° branches generally 3" 31 30 "Peduncle ascending, inflorescence +- asymmetric radially, sometimes by pedicels turning to sun or away from cliff, 1° branches (0)2--3 (or, if peduncle erect and inflorescence symmetric radially, 1° branches generally 2)" 32 31 "Internodes between bracts < 5 mm" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. crebrifolia" 31 "Internodes between bracts generally > 5 mm" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. pumila" 32 "Leaves in summer +- deciduous, papery when dry; bracts plump" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. marcescens" 32 "Leaves in summer +- not deciduous, +- tough when dry; bracts not or +- plump" 33 33 "Leaves adaxially dark green, abaxially +- red; bracts +- spreading" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. ovatifolia" 33 "Leaves adaxially, abaxially +- equally colored; bracts ascending" 34 34 "Leaves oblong to lanceolate, tips acute; petals bright yellow; inflorescence branches 2(3); s WTR (Santa Monica Mtns)" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. agourensis" 34 "Leaves ovate or deltate to oblanceolate or spoon-shaped, tips acuminate to mucronate; petals bright yellow, orange, or red; inflorescence branches generally >= 3; NCoR, CaR, SN, CW, s WTR (Santa Monica Mtns)" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. cymosa" 35 "Stem generally 0.15--2 cm wide; 1° inflorescence branches generally 2, branched generally 0--1 ×" 36 35 "Stem 1--10 cm wide; 1° inflorescence branches generally >= 3, branched 0--3 ×" 39 36 "Leaves deciduous in summer; n-facing volcanic cliffs, adjacent grassland; WTR (n of Santa Monica Mtns)" "Dudleya parva" 36 "Leaves dry in summer but +- not deciduous; level or sloping habitats of various orientations; n ChI, WTR (Santa Monica Mtns)" 37 37 "Leaves white, 5--13 mm; n ChI (Santa Rosa Island)" "Dudleya gnoma" 37 "Leaves gray-white or white with some purple-red to gray-green showing through wax, 20--100 mm; mainland" 38 38 "Leaves generally twisted when dry, base wounding purple-red; flower bud tips angled +- 35°; petals green- to lemon-yellow" "Dudleya verityi" 38 "Leaves occasionally twisted when dry, base not or +- wounding purple-red; flower bud tips angled >= 50°; petals bright yellow" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. agourensis" 39 "Rosettes 5--40, dense; leaves 2.5--8 mm wide, linear to linear-oblanceolate" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. costatifolia" 39 "Rosettes 1--100, generally not dense; leaves generally > 8 mm wide, lanceolate to oblanceolate" 40 40 "Stem of older plants often exposed between dried leaves; leaves adaxially generally convex (transversely), tip margins generally not angled between ad-, abaxial surfaces; petals bright yellow (orange-yellow)" "Dudleya caespitosa" 40 "Stem of older plants covered by dried leaves; leaves adaxially flat or convex (transversely), tip margins often angled between ad-, abaxial surfaces; petals bright yellow, red, tinged with red, red over yellow but appearing orange-pink, +- green, or green-yellow" 41 41 "Stem (2)4--10 cm wide; peduncle 15--85 cm; petals red over yellow but appearing orange-pink" "Dudleya palmeri" 41 "Stem 1--3 cm wide; peduncle 5--95 cm; petals bright yellow, red over yellow but appearing orange-pink, mustard-, or green-yellow" 42 42 "Internodes between bracts < 5 mm" "Dudleya cymosa subsp. crebrifolia" 42 "Internodes between bracts > 5 mm" 43 43 "Leaves 5--30 cm, 1--4 cm wide; peduncle 1.5--9.5 dm; petals fused 1--2 mm" "Dudleya lanceolata" 43 "Leaves 3--15 cm, 0.3--2.5 cm wide; peduncle 0.5--5.1 dm; petals fused 1--4 mm" 44 44 "Stem 1--3 cm wide; leaves 4--15 cm; peduncle 1--5.1 dm; petals +- green, green-yellow, or bright yellow, rarely red-tinged" "Dudleya saxosa subsp. aloides" 44 "Stem 1--1.5 cm wide; leaves 3--9 cm; peduncle 0.5--2 dm; petals bright yellow, generally red-tinged" "Dudleya saxosa subsp. saxosa"