1	"Annual (weak perennial herb); generally flower in spring (occasionally later)"	2
1	"Perennial herb; generally flower in late spring, summer"	7
2	"Lobes of mid-, upper-stem leaves generally dentate (entire), generally wider than linear; stem bristly; fruit segments generally glabrous, occasionally +- pink when fresh; beak 0"	3
2	"Lobes of mid-, upper-stem leaves +- entire, generally linear; stem generally +- glabrous at least below; fruit segment glabrous or sparsely puberulent, +- pink or not when fresh; beak present"	4
3	"Upper paired stipules, bracts divided to base into >= 2 linear lobes >= calyx; middle lobe of upper stem leaves entire or with middle tooth >> lateral 2; inflorescence, calyx generally not glandular; inflorescence in fruit congested, axis not visible"	"Sidalcea diploscypha"
3	"Upper paired stipules, bracts simple, linear, undivided (few divided in robust plants), generally < calyx; middle lobe of upper stem leaves with middle tooth +- = lateral 2; inflorescence, calyx generally densely minutely glandular; inflorescence in fruit not congested, axis visible"	"Sidalcea keckii"
4	"Outer filaments not fused to tip; fruit segment evenly net-veined on back, deeply pitted especially on top, glabrous to puberulent; calyx generally 8--10 mm"	"Sidalcea hartwegii"
4	"Outer filaments fused +- to tip; fruit segment longitudinally grooved or net-veined on back, generally puberulent (glabrous in <i>Sidalcea calycosa</i>); calyx 4--12 mm"	5
5	"Plant generally densely bristly above or stem glabrous in age; bracts linear; fruit segments +- net-veined-pitted, generally puberulent on back; calyx or flower stalk +- densely stellate-puberulent"	"Sidalcea hirsuta"
5	"Plant glabrous or sparsely hairy; bracts wider than linear; fruit segments longitudinally grooved, glabrous on back; calyx or flower stalk sparsely to densely silky-bristly"	6
6	"Plant annual, taprooted; bracts 2--6 mm, not silky-hairy, not obscuring calyx; calyx 4--7 mm; petals (9)10--20 mm; NCoRO, CaRF, SNF, n SnFrB"	"Sidalcea calycosa subsp. calycosa"
6	"Plant weak perennial herb, rhizomed; bracts 8--12 mm, silky-hairy, +- obscuring calyx; calyx 6--12 mm; petals 20--25 mm; c&s NCo, n CCo"	"Sidalcea calycosa subsp. rhizomata"
7	"Fruit segment beak 0; bractlets (0)1--3; leaves generally all along stem early to late in season, lobed (unlobed)"	8
7	"Fruit segment beak 1, occasionally minute; bractlets 0; leaves only basal or on lower stem at least early in season (or not), occasionally rosette-like, basal generally not lobed, leaves above generally deeply lobed (shallowly lobed or unlobed)"	15
8	"Bractlets generally 0(1--2); petals generally white; leaves generally evenly shallowly lobed; plants often > 8 dm"	"Sidalcea malachroides"
8	"Bractlets 3; petals pale pink to rose-purple; leaves lobed or not; plants generally < 8 dm"	9
9	"Inflorescence +- head; bracts subtending lower flowers involucre-like; stipules widest at base, much wider than stem; leaf blades ovate, unlobed; n SNF (Nevada Co.)"	"Sidalcea stipularis"
9	"Inflorescence spike or raceme; bracts subtending lower flowers generally stipule-like; stipules widest above base, occasionally wider than stem; leaf blades +- round or fan-like, lobed or not; NCoR, n CCo, SCoRO, WTR"	10
10	"Lower leaves generally lobed +- to base"	11
10	"Lower leaves unlobed, or deeply crenate to lobed < 1/4 to base"	12
11	"Bracts (8)10--12 mm, +- = calyx; SCoRO (c San Luis Obispo Co.)"	"Sidalcea hickmanii subsp. anomala"
11	"Bracts 5.5--7 mm, < calyx; NCoRI (Napa Co.)"	"Sidalcea hickmanii subsp. napensis"
12	"Bracts lanceolate, generally 6--10 mm, 2.5--4 mm wide, +- < calyx; bractlets +- <= calyx; upper leaves unlobed or lobed < 1/4 to base; SCoRO, WTR (Santa Barbara Co.), SnBr"	"Sidalcea hickmanii subsp. parishii"
12	"Bracts linear, lance-linear, or oblong, 2--7 mm, 0.5--2 mm wide, < calyx; bractlets < calyx; upper leaves unlobed"	13
13	"Plant generally 4--8 dm, +- gray-canescent; calyx densely stellate-puberulent, marginal hairs longest; bractlets 2--7 mm; largest leaves deeply cordate, closely crenate, often > 30 mm wide; inflorescence +- dense --- SCoRO"	"Sidalcea hickmanii subsp. hickmanii"
13	"Plant generally < 4 dm, +- green, less hairy; calyx moderate- to densely stellate-puberulent, hairs +- equal in length; bractlets 2--5 mm; largest leaves truncate to widely wedge-shaped, coarsely crenate, generally < 25 mm wide, wider in robust plants; inflorescence generally +- open"	14
14	"Bracts of upper flowers 1, cupped; leaf blades 0.6--1.2 cm, 0.7--2.1 cm wide; upper stem hairs appressed, generally 0.2--0.5 mm; stem generally < 30 cm; flowers generally < 10, inflorescence not a spike; calyx 4--5.5 mm; NCoRH (n Lake Co.)"	"Sidalcea hickmanii subsp. pillsburiensis"
14	"Bracts of upper flowers generally 2, flat or cupped; leaf blades 1--2.5 cm, 2--4 cm wide; upper stem hairs not appressed, generally 0.5--1.2 mm; stems generally > 30 cm; flowers generally > 10, inflorescence a +- spike in age; calyx 4--7 mm; s NCo, n CCo"	"Sidalcea hickmanii subsp. viridis"
15	"Plant generally (1)1.5--2(2.5) m; rhizomes <= (0.5)1 cm diam, bristly; stem base hollow, bristly"	"Sidalcea gigantea"
15	"Plant generally < or << 1(1.8) m; rhizomes 0 or generally < to << 1 cm diam; stem base solid (hollow), occasionally bristly"	16
16	"Inflorescence dense, not 1-sided; calyces densely overlapped in flower, occasionally in fruit"	17
16	"Inflorescence +- open, occasionally 1-sided; calyces generally not densely overlapped except in bud"	27
17	"Fruit segments rough at least on outer edges and/or back, net-veined-pitted; inflorescence in fruit +- open and/or interrupted; rhizomes or rooting stems occasionally present (see also <i>Sidalcea malviflora</i> subspecies at 37')"	18
17	"Fruit segments smooth, generally not net-veined or pitted; inflorescence in fruit generally +- dense, not interrupted; rhizomes or rooting stems present or 0"	23
18	"Stem base decumbent to ascending; larger petals on bisexual flowers 1--2.5 cm, generally white-veined; fruit generally not overlapped; NCo, CCo"	19
18	"Stem erect (decumbent); larger petals in bisexual flowers 0.5--1.5(2.5) cm, white-veined or not; fruit generally overlapped; NW, CaR, SNF, CCo, MP"	20
19	"Stems often freely rooting near base; leaves at mid-stem lobed, bristles coarse; n NCo"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. patula"
19	"Stems generally not rooting near base; leaves at mid-stem unlobed, bristles fine; c&s NCo, n CCo"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. rostrata"
20	"Petals white-veined, 1--2.5 cm; stem generally 3--5 dm; leaves unlobed; plant +- densely finely bristly; coastal, c&s NCo, n CCo"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. rostrata"
20	"Petals generally not white-veined, 0.5--1.5 cm; stem generally > 4 dm; leaves lobed or not; plant not densely finely bristly; inland, NW, CaR, SNF, MP"	21
21	"Inflorescence axis below generally visible between flower clusters; plant with +- elongate caudex; stems generally not clustered; s SNF"	"Sidalcea ranunculacea"
21	"Inflorescence axis below +- visible or not between equally spaced individual flowers; plant with short caudex; stems clustered; NW, CaR, MP"	22
22	"Calyx +- 6 mm, generally stellate-puberulent and occasionally with few bristles; inflorescence generally 10--30 cm"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. oregana"
22	"Calyx 5--8 mm, stellate-puberulent and with bristles; inflorescence 3--10 cm"	"Sidalcea setosa"
23	"1&deg; peduncle >> fruit cluster; dense part of inflorescence generally < 5 cm; calyx, generally inflorescence stalk densely stellate-canescent"	24
23	"1&deg; peduncle generally +- <= fruit cluster; dense part of inflorescence generally > 3 cm; calyx, generally inflorescence stalk stellate-puberulent"	25
24	"Lower stem < 5 mm diam, bristles +- 2 mm; inflorescence few-flowered, generally 1.5--2.5 cm; 1100--2300 m"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. hydrophila"
24	"Lower stem generally > 5 mm diam, bristles generally 1--1.5 mm; inflorescence many-flowered, generally 2--5 cm; +- 150 m"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. valida"
25	"Calyx larger in fruit to generally 8--13 mm; calyx with bristles; n NCo, NCoRO"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. eximia"
25	"Calyx +- larger in fruit to generally 3.5--7(10) mm; calyx with small stellate hairs, occasionally bristles; NW, CaR, n&c SNH, GB"	26
26	"Bracts generally < youngest flower buds; calyx generally 5--8 mm; fruit, especially lower, widely spaced"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. oregana"
26	"Bracts generally > youngest flower buds; calyx (3.5)5(7) mm; fruit widely spaced or not"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. spicata"
27	"Fruit segment generally glabrous, outer edges narrowly winged above; stem erect, glabrous above; inflorescence generally 30--40 cm"	"Sidalcea robusta"
27	"Fruit segment glabrous or puberulent, outer edges not winged; stem erect, decumbent, or ascending, hairy to glabrous above; inflorescence generally < to << 40 cm"	28
28	"Fruit segment smooth, not net-veined or pitted, glabrous; inflorescence generally > 15-flowered"	29
28	"Fruit segment generally finely or coarsely net-veined or pitted, glandular-puberulent or glabrous; inflorescence < 15-flowered or not"	30
29	"Basal leaves 0 or deeply crenate or shallowly lobed; stem with > 3 leaves, generally branched, not scapose; inflorescence +- elongated in fruit; NW, CaR, MP"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. oregana"
29	"Basal leaves deeply dissected; stem with 1--3 leaves, generally unbranched, +- scapose; inflorescence much elongated in fruit; SnBr"	"Sidalcea pedata"
30	"Roots fleshy; rhizome 0, caudex 0; stems generally many; plants of alkaline flats, seeps"	31
30	"Roots not fleshy; rhizome 0 or present, caudex 0 or present; stems many or not; plants generally not of alkaline flats, seeps"	32
31	"Leaves generally basal, glaucous, generally deeply 7-lobed, lobes linear; calyx stellate-puberulent; SNE (Inyo Co.)"	"Sidalcea covillei"
31	"Leaves basal, cauline, not glaucous, crenate to shallowly 5(7)-lobed, lobes wider than linear; calyx stellate-puberulent and with swollen-based bristles; SW, sw DMoj"	"Sidalcea neomexicana"
32	"Flowers generally > 15, inflorescence generally branched; petals generally 5--15 mm; rhizome 0; stems erect"	"Sidalcea oregana subsp. oregana"
32	"Flowers generally < 15, inflorescence generally unbranched; petals (5)10--35 mm; rhizomes present or 0; stems erect or ascending to +- prostrate"	33
33	"Plant glaucous; rhizomes 0; inflorescence +- 1-sided"	34
33	"Plant +- glaucous or not; rhizomes present or 0; inflorescence 1-sided or not"	35
34	"Stem generally decumbent-ascending; leaves mostly cauline, generally 5(7)-lobed, lobes entire to shallowly dentate; KR, CaRH, n&c SNH,"	"Sidalcea glaucescens"
34	"Stem generally ascending to erect; leaves mostly basal, generally 7(9)-lobed, lobes generally deeply dentate or ternate; SNH, SNE"	"Sidalcea multifida"
35	"Stem long-prostrate, free-rooting, base with bristly hairs 2--3 mm, stellate hairs 0 (glabrous); leaf hairs simple; fruit segments densely bristly-stellate-puberulent on back, top, and/or beak"	"Sidalcea reptans"
35	"Stem generally erect to ascending, occasionally prostrate to decumbent and rooting, hairs on stem base < 3 mm, simple, stellate, or mixed; leaf hairs stellate or not; fruit segments generally not densely hairy on back, top, and/or beak"	36
36	"Leaves generally basal, much reduced above, occasionally plant +- scapose; flowers > 10; inflorescence elongate, generally to 30--40 cm in fruit; fruit generally weakly net-veined-roughened"	"Sidalcea sparsifolia"
36	"Leaves generally cauline (generally basal in <i>Sidalcea asprella</i> subsp. <i>nana</i>, <i>Sidalcea elegans</i>), +- reduced above (or not), plant not scapose; flowers < or > 10; inflorescence elongate or not, generally < 30 cm in fruit; fruit generally strongly net-veined-roughened, -pitted, or honeycombed"	37
37	"Calyx generally stellate-puberulent, generally not bristly; inflorescence occasionally 1-sided; plant occasionally +- glaucous; leaves lobed; generally inland, mtns; often serpentine"	38
37	"Calyx generally both stellate-puberulent and bristly, if bristles 0 some stellate hairs larger than others; inflorescence 1-sided or not; plant not glaucous; leaves lobed or not; generally coastal (to inland in SW), generally not serpentine"	41
38	"Rhizomes generally present, > 10 cm, generally < 4 mm diam; flowers generally < 10(20); stem occasionally prostrate at base, inflorescence ascending"	39
38	"Rhizomes 0 or < 10 cm, generally > 4 mm diam; flowers generally > (8)10; stem, inflorescence generally erect"	40
39	"Basal stem hairs +- 0 or simple; stem brittle; KR"	"Sidalcea elegans"
39	"Basal stem hairs stellate; stem not especially brittle; NW (especially NCoRH), CaR, n SNH"	"Sidalcea asprella subsp. nana"
40	"Rhizomes 0; stem generally erect, free-standing, base with bristles (or stellate hairs); leaves generally crenate to lobed, not alike in shape, lobes of upper +- entire; n NCoRI (Shasta, Tehama cos.), n ScV"	"Sidalcea celata"
40	"Rhizomes < 10(30) cm; stem often weak, on other pls, base with stellate hairs, without bristles; leaves +- lobed, +- alike in shape, lobes of upper generally toothed; NW, CaR, n&c SNH"	"Sidalcea asprella subsp. asprella"
41	"Lobes of mid-stem leaves deep, ternate with linear segments; stem base generally +- rooting"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. laciniata"
41	"Lobes of mid-stem leaves 0 or not ternate with linear segments; stem base rooting or not"	42
42	"Stem base hairs generally +- 2 mm, not stellate; fruit segment weakly net-veined; rhizome generally > 10 cm, slender, free-rooting; stem leaves lobed; calyx sparsely stellate-puberulent, bristly; inflorescence generally open; SnBr"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. dolosa"
42	"Stem base hairs < 2 mm, stellate and not; fruit segment strongly net-veined-pitted; rhizome < 10 cm, not slender, free-rooting or not; stem leaves lobed or not; calyx generally densely stellate-puberulent or not, bristly or not; inflorescence open or dense; not SnBr"	43
43	"Basal leaf blade generally < 2(2.5) cm; upper leaves generally unlobed; stem base, stipules, calyx generally +- purple; flower stalk generally hair-like; coastal, c&s NCo, n CCo"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. purpurea"
43	"Basal leaf blade generally > 2 cm; upper leaves lobed or unlobed; stem base, stipules, calyx generally not +- purple; flower stalk stouter then hair-like; coastal or not, including c&s NCo, n CCo, or not"	44
44	"Plant stellate-canescent; upper leaves generally deeply 7-lobed; calyx densely stellate-puberulent; flowers generally not dense; petals of bisexual flowers +- 25--35 mm; s SCoRO, WTR"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. californica"
44	"Plant generally densely coarsely stellate-hairy or densely finely bristly; upper leaves unlobed to deeply 7--9-lobed; calyx generally sparsely bristly; flowers occasionally dense, less so in age; petals of bisexual flowers often < 20 mm; c&s NCo, NCoRO, CCo, SnFrB, SCo, n ChI"	45
45	"Mid, upper leaves 7--9-lobed; plant not bristly; s NCo, NCoRO, CCo, SnFrB, SCo, n ChI"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. malviflora"
45	"Mid, upper leaves unlobed; plant finely bristly; c&s NCo (Sonoma, s Mendocino cos.), n CCo (Marin, San Mateo cos.)"	"Sidalcea malviflora subsp. rostrata"