1	"Stamens > in number than corolla lobes"	2
1	"Stamens = in number to corolla lobes or fewer"	10
2	"Filaments fused proximally, forming a cup or tube"	3
2	"Filaments free"	6
3	"Leaves compound"	4
3	"Leaves simple"	5
4	"Shrub or tree; leaves 2-pinnate; fruit a legume; stamens many, much more conspicuous than corolla"	"Fabaceae Group 1"
4	"Herb; leaves palmate with 3 leaflets; fruit a capsule; stamens 10, less conspicuous than corolla"	"Oxalidaceae {Oxalis}"
5	"Stamens many; filaments strongly fused, forming tube around pistil; anthers crescent-shaped, chamber 1; style 1, distally branched or styles 5--many, stigmas linear to head-like --- petals generally free from each other but fused to and falling with filament tube"	Malvaceae
5	"Stamens 10(16); filaments fused at base; anthers oblong, 2-chambered; style 1, stigma dot-like or minutely lobed"	"Styracaceae {Styrax redivivus}"
6	"Flower parts in 6s; fruit a triangular achene --- 6-parted perianth easily mistaken for corolla, especially in plants with 1--few-flowered, calyx-like involucre"	Polygonaceae
6	"Flower parts in 4s or 5s; fruit a capsule, berry, drupe, or cluster of follicles"	7
7	"Plant fleshy"	8
7	"Plant not fleshy"	9
8	"Plant photosynthetic; leaves well developed, green; carpels fused only at base, styles 5"	Crassulaceae
8	"Plant non-photosynthetic; leaves scale-like, white to cream or red; carpels wholly fused, style 1"	Ericaceae
9	"Stem spineless; corolla urn-shaped to rotate or widely funnel-shaped, variously colored"	Ericaceae
9	"Stem bearing a stout, petiolar spine at each node; corolla tubular, bright red"	"Fouquieriaceae {Fouquieria splendens subsp. splendens}"
10	"Fertile stamens fewer than corolla lobes --- 1 or more sterile stamens sometimes present"	11
10	"Fertile stamens = in number to corolla lobes"	19
11	"Perianth parts in 6s; stigmas and style branches 3 --- 6-parted perianth easily mistaken for corolla in plant with 1-flowered, calyx-like involucre"	Polygonaceae
11	"Perianth parts in 4s or 5s; stigmas 1 or 2, style unbranched or branches 2"	12
12	"Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style attachment surrounded by lobes of ovary [style readily detaches as corolla falls] --- fruit 4 nutlets"	Lamiaceae
12	"Ovary entire or +- shallowly lobed; style arising from tip of ovary"	13
13	"Ovules several to many per ovary chamber"	14
13	"Ovules 1--4 per ovary chamber"	16
14	"Leaves all basal; inflorescence scapose, flowers solitary --- leaves linear or awl-shaped to spoon-shaped or ovate, entire"	"Scrophulariaceae {Limosella}"
14	"Leaves basal and cauline or all cauline; inflorescence not scapose, flowers 1--many"	15
15	"Stigma lobes flat, disk-like, moving together when touched"	"Phrymaceae {Mimulus}"
15	"Stigma dot-like or head-like, unlobed, or lobes not moving together when touched"	Plantaginaceae
16	"Corolla-like calyx constricted above ovary, base persistent around ovary, becoming hardened or winged at maturity; stigma, ovary chamber, and ovule 1; fruit an achene --- corolla-like calyx easily mistaken for corolla, especially in plant with 1-flowered, calyx-like involucre"	Nyctaginaceae
16	"True corolla present, not constricted above ovary, base not persistent as hardened or winged structure around ovary; stigmas, ovary chambers, and ovules > 1; fruit various"	17
17	"Stamens 2"	Oleaceae
17	"Stamens 4"	18
18	"Leaves gland-dotted; shrub or small tree"	"Scrophulariaceae {Myoporum}"
18	"Leaves not gland-dotted though sometimes glandular-hairy"	Verbenaceae
19	"Plants entirely non-green, parasitic"	20
19	"Plants green and photosynthetic"	21
20	"Plant an erect or mound-shaped, fleshy root-parasite with many crowded, scale-like leaves"	"Boraginaceae {Pholisma}"
20	"Plant a thread-like, leafless, yellow to orange, twining vine that wraps around stems and leaves of host plant"	"Convolvulaceae {Cuscuta}"
21	"Ovaries 2, +- pressed together in flower but not fused, carpels distally united by a shared style or by a complex stigmatic structure; fruit of 1--2 follicles; milky latex generally present"	Apocynaceae
21	"Ovary 1, sometimes deeply lobed; fruits various; milky latex 0"	22
22	"Leaves whorled"	23
22	"Leaves alternate, opposite, or all basal"	25
23	"Shrub --- leaves evergreen, leathery; corolla throat with fringed appendages"	"Apocynaceae {Nerium}"
23	Herb	24
24	"Perennial herb, sometimes dying after flower; perianth parts in 4s; fruit a capsule"	"Gentianaceae {Frasera}"
24	"Annual; perianth parts in 6s; fruit an achene --- 6-parted perianth easily mistaken for corolla, involucre 1-flowered, calyx-like"	"Polygonaceae {Chorizanthe}"
25	"Corolla dry, scarious, 4-lobed; inflorescence a dense spike (rarely flower only 1); leaves generally all basal (opposite, appearing clustered at nodes in <i>Plantago arenaria</i>)"	"Plantaginaceae {Plantago}"
25	"Corolla with normal, petal-like texture, 4--7-lobed; inflorescence various or flowers solitary; leaves basal and/or cauline"	26
26	"Ovary deeply 2--4-lobed, especially in fruit; style attachment surrounded by lobes of ovary (style readily detaches in Lamiaceae as corolla falls); fruit breaking apart into 1-seeded nutlets or segments (sometimes only 1--3 nutlets maturing)"	27
26	"Ovary entire or shallowly lobed; style clearly attached to tip of ovary; fruit generally a capsule, berry, drupe, or achene"	30
27	"Leaves opposite, at least proximally; stem 4-angled or round &times;-section; stem and leaves sometimes aromatic"	28
27	"Leaves alternate; stem +- round; stem and leaves generally not aromatic"	29
28	"Stem round; leaves generally alternate distally or leaves of a pair unequal; herbage not aromatic; inflorescence or branches of inflorescence generally +- coiled or 1-sided when young, unrolling during development, at maturity +- open, generally resembling a 1-sided spike or raceme or flowers sometimes solitary"	Boraginaceae
28	"Stem 4-angled; leaves opposite throughout; herbage generally strongly aromatic; inflorescence not coiled"	Lamiaceae
29	"Leaves linear to ovate; stems mostly not rooting; inflorescence or branches of inflorescence generally +- coiled or 1-sided when young, unrolling during development, at maturity +- open, generally resembling a 1-sided spike or raceme, flowers seldom concealed by leaves; ovary 2--4-lobed"	Boraginaceae
29	"Leaves reniform; stems matted, rooting at nodes; flowers solitary, +- concealed by leaves; ovary 2-lobed"	"Convolvulaceae {Dichondra}"
30	"Filaments fused, forming a tube around style"	31
30	"Filaments generally free"	32
31	"Shrub; flowers solitary, yellow or orange to +- red; stems and leaves densely stellate --- corolla-like whorl actually a calyx, subtended by sepal-like bracts"	"Malvaceae {Fremontodendron}"
31	"Herb; flowers in scapose umbels, white to pink or purple; stems and leaves glabrous or glandular-hairy"	"Primulaceae {Primula}"
32	"Sepals 2; stems and leaves +- fleshy"	33
32	"Sepals 4 or more; stems and leaves generally not fleshy"	34
33	"Vine with twining stems; flowers in many-flowered raceme or panicle; fruit fleshy, indehiscent, 1-seeded"	"Basellaceae {Anredera cordifolia}"
33	"Herb, stems prostrate to erect, not twining; flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters; fruit dry, dehiscent, 2--many-seeded"	Montiaceae
34	"Perianth parts in 6s or 7s"	35
34	"Perianth parts in 4s or 5s"	36
35	"Style and stigma 1; placentas free-central; ovules several--many; fruit a capsule"	"Myrsinaceae {Lysimachia}"
35	"Styles and stigmas 3; placentas basal; ovule 1; fruit a 3-angled achene --- 6-parted perianth easily mistaken for corolla, especially in plant with 1-flowered, calyx-like involucre"	Polygonaceae
36	"Styles or style-branches 5; sepal tips and subtending bracts widely obtuse, scarious (sometimes brightly pigmented) Or calyx stalked-glandular"	Plumbaginaceae
36	"Styles, style-branches, or stigmas generally 1--3; sepal tips and bracts generally not widely obtuse and scarious, calyx glandular or not"	37
37	"Corolla-like calyx constricted above the ovary, persistent base becoming hardened or winged at maturity, enclosing fruit; ovary chamber 1, ovule 1; fruit an achene --- corolla-like calyx easily mistaken for corolla, especially in plants with 1-flowered, calyx-like involucre"	Nyctaginaceae
37	"True corolla present, generally not constricted above ovary, base not persistent as hardened or winged structure enclosing fruit; ovary chambers generally 1--4, ovules generally > 1; fruit various"	38
38	"Stamens opposite corolla lobes; placentas free-central"	39
38	"Stamens alternate corolla lobes; placentas parietal or axile (rarely basal)"	40
39	"Flowers axillary or in racemes"	"Myrsinaceae {Lysimachia}"
39	"Flowers in scapose umbels"	Primulaceae
40	"Filaments of stamens not fused to corolla, sometimes adhering weakly to base of corolla but readily separable"	41
40	"Filaments of stamens definitely fused to corolla tube or throat, not separable without tearing stamen or corolla tissue"	42
41	"Annual; corolla 5-lobed; leaves pinnately lobed"	"Boraginaceae {Emmenanthe}"
41	"Shrub; corolla 4-lobed; leaves entire"	"Ericaceae {Menziesia}"
42	"Inflorescence or branches of inflorescence generally +- coiled or 1-sided when young, unrolling during development, at maturity +- open, generally resembling a 1-sided spike or raceme"	Boraginaceae
42	"Inflorescence not coiled and unrolling, generally not 1-sided"	43
43	"Calyx lobes generally bordered by or +- fused by a much thinner, transparent or translucent membrane; stigmas and ovary chambers generally 3 (1 or 2)"	Polemoniaceae
43	"Calyx lobes generally without a transparent or translucent marginal membrane; stigmas generally 2 (1 or 3), ovary chambers generally 1 or 2"	44
44	"Stem twining"	Convolvulaceae
44	"Stem not twining"	45
45	"Leaves palmately compound --- rhizomed per of bogs, marshes, lake margins"	"Menyanthaceae {Menyanthes}"
45	"Leaves simple to pinnately compound"	46
46	"Plant aquatic; leaves floating on water surface, deeply cordate; inflorescence an umbel or flower 1"	"Menyanthaceae {Nymphoides}"
46	"Plant generally terrestrial, sometimes in damp soil; leaves not floating on water surface, shapes various; inflorescence not an umbel"	47
47	"Stigmas 3"	Polemoniaceae
47	"Stigmas 1--2"	48
48	"Leaves alternate or of unusual arrangement [in some _Solanum_ species 2 leaves that are not opposite may be attached at the same node, and inflorescences may arise from internodes], not opposite or all basal"	49
48	"Leaves opposite or all basal"	54
49	"Stigma 1, generally undivided"	50
49	"Stigmas or stigma lobes 2"	51
50	"Some or all stamens densely hairy; inflorescence a narrow raceme or panicle"	"Scrophulariaceae {Verbascum}"
50	"Stamens glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence variously cyme-like, or flowers solitary"	Solanaceae
51	"Style undivided"	52
51	"Styles or style branches 2"	53
52	"Corolla < 15 mm; flowers in axillary or terminal clusters, several to many per peduncle, not subtended by paired bracts; leaves lobed or compound, not cordate, sagittate, or hastate"	Boraginaceae
52	"Corolla 20--70 mm; flowers generally 1(5) in leaf axils, often subtended by a pair of opposite or subopposite bracts appressed against the calyx or borne below the flower(s) on the peduncle; leaves often cordate, sagittate, or hastate"	Convolvulaceae
53	"Herbage glabrous or variously hairy and/or glandular; flowers solitary or clustered; leaves entire to lobed or compound"	Boraginaceae
53	"Herbage densely silky-canescent; flowers solitary in distal leaf axils, +- on 1 side of stem; leaves entire"	"Convolvulaceae {Cressa}"
54	"Corolla lobes 4"	55
54	"Corolla lobes 5"	57
55	Herb	Gentianaceae
55	Shrub	56
56	"Corolla +- rotate, lobes +- leathery, +- green-white; coastal lagoons or salt marshes"	"Acanthaceae {Avicennia}"
56	"Corolla +- salverform, lobes thin, +- yellow or white to purple; generally dry places"	"Scrophulariaceae {Buddleja}"
57	"Flowers solitary, inflorescence scapose"	"Boraginaceae {Hesperochiron}"
57	"Flowers 1--many, borne on a +- leafy stem"	58
58	"Leaves toothed, lobed, or compound"	Boraginaceae
58	"Leaves entire"	59
59	"Plants glandular-hairy"	"Solanaceae {Petunia}"
59	"Plants glabrous or hairy, but not glandular"	60
60	"Stems spreading or mat-forming; stems and leaves densely strigose; flowers sessile or subsessile in forks of stem; leaves of a pair often unequal"	"Boraginaceae {Tiquilia}"
60	"Stems mostly erect or ascending; stems and leaves glabrous or short-hairy; flowers axillary or in terminal inflorescences; leaves of a pair equal"	Gentianaceae