1	"Cleistogamous flowers formed at or below ground or water surface"	2
1	"Cleistogamous flowers formed above ground or water surface"	7
2	"Plant +- aquatic, submersed or emergent"	3
2	"Plant terrestrial"	4
3	"Leaves opposite, palmately veined"	"Plantaginaceae {Bacopa}"
3	"Leaves alternate, parallel-veined"	"Pontederiaceae {Heteranthera}"
4	"Leaves petioled"	5
4	"Leaves sessile"	6
5	"Fruit 3-angled achene, tightly enclosed by hardened perianth; cleistogamous flowers at stem base"	"Polygonaceae {Emex spinosa}"
5	"Fruit ovoid to oblong capsule, not enclosed by hardened perianth; cleistogamous flowers in proximal leaf axils"	"Violaceae {Viola}"
6	"Leaves 0.5--4 cm, +- linear, +- 1-veined, not sheathing; cleistogamous flowers at stem base"	"Boraginaceae {Pectocarya}"
6	"Leaves 2--9 cm, ovate to lance-elliptic, parallel-veined, sheathing; cleistogamous flowers underground"	"Commelinaceae {Commelina}"
7	"Leaves sheathing, linear, parallel-veined; spikelets of cleistogamous flowers enclosed within leaf sheaths or borne in panicle-like clusters"	Poaceae
7	"Leaves not sheathing, linear to ovate, not parallel-veined; spikelets of cleistogamous flowers 0"	8
8	"Leaves all basal, inflorescence or solitary flower scapose"	9
8	"Leaves all or mostly cauline"	10
9	"Plant aquatic; leaves on rhizome or stolon, often bearing small, hollow bladders that suck in and trap small organisms when hairs at opening are triggered; flowers 1--few"	"Lentibulariaceae {Utricularia subulata}"
9	"Plant terrestrial; leaves in basal rosette, not bearing traps; inflorescence a spike (flower 1)"	"Plantaginaceae {Plantago}"
10	"Ovary inferior"	11
10	"Ovary superior"	13
11	"Inflorescence a closed head enclosed by spine-tipped involucre bracts"	"Asteraceae {Centaurea melitensis}"
11	"Inflorescence a spike or spike-like raceme or flowers sessile in leaf axils"	12
12	"Ovary/fruit not narrowed distally; sepals ascending or +- spreading"	"Campanulaceae {Githopsis, Heterocodon, Triodanis}"
12	"Ovary/fruit distally narrowed; sepals not separating"	"Onagraceae {Epilobium, Neoholmgrenia}"
13	"Leaves +- fleshy"	14
13	"Leaves not fleshy"	15
14	"Plant 50--230 cm; leaves entire or toothed"	"Balsaminaceae {Impatiens capensis}"
14	"Plant 1--30 cm; leaves entire"	"Montiaceae {Montia}"
15	"Leaves opposite"	16
15	"Leaves alternate"	21
16	"Leaves 2--7 mm, awl-shaped to oblong, bristle-tipped"	"Caryophyllaceae {Loeflingia}"
16	"Leaves linear, oblong, or lanceolate to ovate or round, not bristle-tipped"	17
17	"Stem square in ×-section; flowers in head-like axillary and terminal clusters --- fruit 4 nutlets"	"Lamiaceae {Lamium amplexicaule}"
17	"Stem round in ×-section; flowers axillary or in terminal raceme"	18
18	"Leaves of a pair unequal; ovule 1; fruit achene; perianth base hardened or 5-winged or -ribbed around fruit"	"Nyctaginaceae {Acleisanthes, Mirabilis albida}"
18	"Leaves of a pair equal; ovules several--many; fruit capsule; perianth base not hardened or 5-winged around fruit"	19
19	"Fruit valves 3, ovary chambers 3"	"Cistaceae {Tuberaria}"
19	"Fruit valves 2, ovary chambers 1--2"	20
20	"Sepals strongly fused"	"Phrymaceae {Mimulus}"
20	"Sepals +- free"	"Plantaginaceae {Bacopa}"
21	"Fruit 1--4 hard, shiny gray nutlets"	"Boraginaceae {Lithospermum incisum}"
21	"Fruit a capsule"	22
22	"Perennial herb"	23
22	Annual	24
23	"Leaves +- sessile; capsule flat"	"Polygalaceae {Polygala californica}"
23	"Leaves petioled; capsule ovoid to oblong"	"Violaceae {Viola}"
24	"Inflorescence or solitary flowers axillary; ovary chambers 5"	"Balsaminaceae {Impatiens capensis}"
24	"Inflorescence terminal (axillary); ovary chambers 2--3"	25
25	"Inflorescence a raceme"	"Plantaginaceae {Antirrhinum, Dopatrium, Nuttallanthus}"
25	"Inflorescence a head"	"Polemoniaceae {Collomia grandiflora}"