1	"Plant parasitic on stem of woody host plant"	Viscaceae
1	"Plant free-living, rooted in ground"	2
2	"Trunk unbranched, generally stout, covered with persistent woody leaf bases; leaves 4--7 m, pinnately compound"	"Arecaceae {Phoenix}"
2	"Trunk(s) generally branched, stout or slender, generally not covered with persistent leaf bases; leaves generally smaller, simple or compound"	3
3	"Leaves stiff and sword-like, 0.6--2 m, base much expanded, white, fleshy; inflorescence a large panicle"	"Ruscaceae {Nolina}"
3	"Leaves not sword-like, mostly smaller, base not much expanded, white, and fleshy; inflorescences various"	4
4	"Leaves opposite or whorled"	5
4	"Leaves alternate (leaf often opposite a tendril or inflorescence in Vitaceae)"	23
5	"Leaves compound"	6
5	"Leaves simple"	9
6	"Leaves palmate"	Sapindaceae
6	"Leaves pinnate"	7
7	"Woody vine; sepals generally 4, conspicuous, petal-like"	"Ranunculaceae {Clematis}"
7	"Tree or large shrub; sepals generally 5 or number difficult to determine, very small"	8
8	"Flowers sessile or borne on short, stout pedicels"	"Oleaceae {Fraxinus}"
8	"Flowers borne on elongated, thread-like pedicels"	"Sapindaceae {Acer negundo}"
9	"Leaf toothed or lobed"	10
9	"Leaf entire (strongly wavy in some _Garrya_ species)"	12
10	"Leaf palmately veined and lobed"	"Sapindaceae {Acer}"
10	"Leaf pinnately veined and toothed"	11
11	"Petals 0; stamens 4--10"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
11	"Petals 5, united in salverform corolla; stamens 4, epipetalous"	"Scrophulariaceae {Buddleja}"
12	"Inflorescence a catkin"	13
12	"Inflorescence not a catkin"	15
13	"Leaf blades well developed; catkins elongate, pendent"	"Garryaceae {Garrya}"
13	"Leaves scale-, awl-, or needle-like; ""catkins"" short, not pendent --- actually catkin-like pollen cone of gymnosperm"	14
14	"Internodes very short; stem concealed by persistent, overlapping, green, scale-, awl-, or needle-like leaves; pollen sacs sessile beneath scales of small cone"	Cupressaceae
14	"Internodes long; stem green, bearing dry, scale-like, often early-deciduous leaves; pollen sacs borne on filament-like stalk"	"Ephedraceae {Ephedra}"
15	"Leaves whorled"	16
15	"Leaves opposite"	18
16	"Leaf with abaxial groove"	"Ericaceae {Empetrum}"
16	"Leaf flat or with midvein raised on abaxial face"	17
17	"Stamens 4; weak-stemmed shrub; stems 4-angled when young"	"Rubiaceae {Galium}"
17	"Stamens 5--10; stiff shrub; stems round"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
18	"Herbage covered with silvery scales"	"Elaeagnaceae {Shepherdia}"
18	"Herbage glabrous or variously hairy"	19
19	"Petals fused proximally; stamens fused to corolla"	20
19	"Petals free or 0; stamens free from corolla"	21
20	"Leaves glossy"	"Rubiaceae {Coprosma}"
20	"Leaves densely hairy"	"Scrophulariaceae {Buddleja}"
21	"Leaves thick, leathery, evergreen; flowers in peduncled, head-like clusters; sepals well developed"	"Simmondsiaceae {Simmondsia chinensis}"
21	"Leaves thin, deciduous; flowers in sessile axillary clusters or short-peduncled racemes; sepals very small"	22
22	"Bark of young stems +- red; flowers pedicelled in short axillary racemes; stamens 5--10"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
22	"Bark of young stems gray; flowers +- sessile in axillary clusters; stamens 1--4"	"Oleaceae {Forestiera}"
23	"Tendrils present; plant a vine; inflorescence of umbels or a panicle of head- or umbel-like clusters"	24
23	"Tendrils 0; plant a shrub or tree, rarely a vine; inflorescence various"	25
24	"Tendrils each opposite a leaf; calyx 0 or 5-lobed; petals 5, adherent at tips, +- yellow"	"Vitaceae {Vitis}"
24	"Tendrils 2+ near petiole base; perianth parts 6 in 2 whorls of 3, petal-like, free, white to +- green or +- yellow"	"Smilacaceae {Smilax}"
25	"Inflorescence a catkin or spike"	26
25	"Inflorescence not a catkin or spike"	44
26	"Leaves compound"	27
26	"Leaves simple"	29
27	"Leaves 1- and 2-pinnate, leaflets 20--28 on 1-pinnate leaves"	"Fabaceae {Gleditsia}"
27	"Leaves 1-pinnate, leaflets 5--21"	28
28	"Plant evergreen --- inflorescence resembles catkin when young, but is actually a branched panicle"	"Anacardiaceae {Pistacia}"
28	"Plant deciduous"	Juglandaceae
29	"Shrubs of +- saline desert habitats; leaves sometimes thick, +- fleshy; spikes erect or very short and axillary"	30
29	"Shrubs or trees, generally of non-saline habitats; leaves mostly thinner, not fleshy; spikes or catkins erect to pendent"	31
30	"Leaf blades generally flat; perianth present though generally small and inconspicuous; bracts 0 or not peltate"	Chenopodiaceae
30	"Leaf blades generally +- cylindric; perianth 0; bracts peltate"	"Sarcobataceae {Sarcobatus}"
31	"Leaves scale-, awl- or needle-like; plants evergreen --- catkin-like structure actually pollen cone of a gymnosperm"	32
31	"Leaves with well developed blades; plants evergreen or deciduous"	34
32	"Pollen sacs borne on filament-like stalks"	Taxaceae
32	"Pollen sacs sessile on abaxial side of scale-like structures"	33
33	"Scales with 2 pollen sacs; needle-like leaves 1--30 cm; bark generally separating in flakes or plates"	Pinaceae
33	"Scales with several pollen sacs; needle-like leaves (if present) 1--2.5 cm; bark thick, fibrous, persistent"	Cupressaceae
34	"Bractlets of inflorescence well developed and readily visible at time of flower"	35
34	"Bractlets of inflorescence 0 or very inconspicuous at time of flower"	38
35	"Catkins pendent"	36
35	"Catkins +- stiff, +- erect to spreading but generally not pendent"	37
36	"Catkin-bractlets fringe-margined, early-deciduous; stamens 8--60; trees"	"Salicaceae {Populus}"
36	"Catkin-bractlets entire or appearing 3-lobed, persistent; stamens 1--10; shrubs or trees"	Betulaceae
37	"Low, brittle shrubs; leaves thin, crenate"	"Euphorbiaceae {Acalypha}"
37	"Shrubs or trees, not brittle; leaves entire or toothed --- catkin bracts sometimes early-deciduous"	"Salicaceae {Salix}"
38	"Evergreen shrubs or trees"	39
38	"Deciduous shrubs or trees"	41
39	"Main veins of leaf parallel or nearly so --- 2 perianth whorls actually present but sepals small and easily overlooked"	"Fabaceae {Acacia}"
39	"Main veins of leaf clearly pinnate"	40
40	"Leaves glabrous or with stellate hairs, not gland-dotted; sepals present; generally of dry-land habitats; catkins slender, pendent, generally >= 2 cm"	Fagaceae
40	"Leaves glabrous or with minute, straight hairs, dotted with tiny resin glands; sepals 0; generally of moist, often wetland habitats; catkins short, dense, generally < 2 cm"	Myricaceae
41	"Sepals small but evident"	42
41	"Sepals 0 or calyx modified into cup- or saucer-shaped structure or reduced to a nectary"	43
42	"Sepals 5--7; stamens 5--20; veins pinnate; leaf bases generally symmetric"	Fagaceae
42	"Sepals 4; stamens 4; veins palmate; leaf bases oblique"	Moraceae
43	"Leaves dotted with tiny resin glands; individual flowers difficult to distinguish"	Myricaceae
43	"Leaves not gland-dotted; individual flowers clearly distinguishable on close examination"	Salicaceae
44	"Leaves and stems armed with prickles"	45
44	"Foliage not prickly, sometimes stems thorny or leaves spiny-toothed"	46
45	"Petals free; stamens many"	"Rosaceae {Rubus ursinus}"
45	"Petals fused; stamens 5"	"Solanaceae {Solanum marginatum}"
46	"Leaves palmately lobed"	47
46	"Leaves not palmately lobed"	48
47	"Leaves peltate; inflorescence a panicle"	"Euphorbiaceae {Ricinus}"
47	"Leaves not peltate; inflorescence a head"	"Platanaceae {Platanus}"
48	"Stems and leaves densely covered with stellate hairs"	Euphorbiaceae
48	"Stems and leaves glabrous or hairy but hairs not stellate"	49
49	"Stamens many"	50
49	"Stamens 12 or fewer"	52
50	"Leaves strongly aromatic; sepals 4; petals 0; anthers dehiscing by uplifted lids"	"Lauraceae {Laurus}"
50	"Leaves not aromatic; sepals 5; petals 5; anthers dehiscent by slits"	51
51	"Flowers in spheric heads; petals yellow, generally concealed by stamens; leaves simple or 2-pinnate"	"Fabaceae {Acacia}"
51	"Flowers in racemes; petals white, conspicuous; leaves simple"	"Rosaceae {Oemleria}"
52	"Leaves compound"	53
52	"Leaves simple (occasionally reduced to scales)"	55
53	"Leaflets with a few, gland-tipped teeth near base"	"Simaroubaceae {Ailanthus}"
53	"Leaflets entire or teeth not gland-tipped"	54
54	"Leaflets 3--20, lance-linear to ovate, 10--130 mm"	Anacardiaceae
54	"Leaflets 7--33, linear-oblong or narrowly elliptic, 2--10 mm"	"Burseraceae {Bursera microphylla}"
55	"Shrub with thorny, generally leafless green stems; leaves scale-like to narrowly oblong, early deciduous"	"Simaroubaceae {Castela}"
55	"Tree, shrub, or woody vine, thorns occasionally present but stems generally leafy; leaves various, sometimes deciduous in winter or dry season"	56
56	"Flower parts in 3s --- leaves with abaxial groove"	"Ericaceae {Empetrum}"
56	"Flower parts generally in 4s, 5s, or 6s"	57
57	"Flowers in involucred heads, these generally in few- to many-headed clusters"	Asteraceae
57	"Flowers solitary or variously clustered, not in involucred heads"	58
58	"Leaves generally +- gray, either softly hairy or covered with powdery scales"	Chenopodiaceae
58	"Leaves green"	59
59	"Petals present"	60
59	"Petals 0"	63
60	"Leaves entire to lobed, not spiny-toothed; inflorescence a terminal or axillary panicle or umbel-like cluster, or flowers 1; flower parts generally in 5s"	61
60	"Leaves spiny-toothed or entire; inflorescence an axillary cyme; flower parts in 4s or 5s"	62
61	"Petals 1--5 mm"	Anacardiaceae
61	"Petals 10--15 mm"	"Pittosporaceae {Pittosporum}"
62	"Stamens generally 4, alternate petals"	"Aquifoliaceae {Ilex aquifolium}"
62	"Stamens 4--5, opposite petals"	"Rhamnaceae {Rhamnus}"
63	"Leaves strongly aromatic; anthers dehiscing by uplifted lids"	"Lauraceae {Laurus}"
63	"Leaves not aromatic; anthers dehiscent by slits"	64
64	"Stamens = in number to and alternate sepals"	"Rhamnaceae {Rhamnus}"
64	"Stamens = in number to and opposite sepals or > in number than sepals"	65
65	"Leaf blade 2--12 mm; shrubs"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
65	"Leaf blade 30--140 mm; trees or large shrubs"	66
66	"Leaf 3-veined from base; inflorescence a sessile axillary cluster"	"Cannabaceae {Celtis}"
66	"Leaf 1-veined from base; inflorescence a stalked umbel or umbel-like raceme"	"Moraceae {Maclura}"