1	"Plant parasitic on stem of woody host plant"	Viscaceae
1	"Plant free-living, rooted in ground"	2
2	"Trunk unbranched, generally stout, often covered with persistent woody leaf bases; leaves 4--7 m, pinnately compound"	"Arecaceae {Phoenix}"
2	"Trunk(s) generally branched, slender to stout, generally not covered with persistent leaf bases; leaves generally much smaller, simple or compound"	3
3	"Leaves stiff and sword-like, 0.6--2 m, base much expanded, white, fleshy; inflorescence a large panicle"	"Ruscaceae {Nolina}"
3	"Leaves not sword-like, mostly smaller, base not much expanded, white, and fleshy; inflorescences various"	4
4	"Leaves opposite or whorled"	5
4	"Leaves alternate (leaf often opposite a tendril or an inflorescence in Vitaceae)"	19
5	"Leaves compound"	6
5	"Leaves simple"	9
6	"Leaves palmate; leaflets 3"	"Sapindaceae {Acer glabrum}"
6	"Leaves pinnate; leaflets often > 3"	7
7	"Woody vine; sepals generally 4, conspicuous, petal-like; pistils many; styles elongated and plumose in fruit"	"Ranunculaceae {Clematis}"
7	"Tree or large shrub; sepals generally 5 or number difficult to determine, very small; pistil 1; styles never plumose"	8
8	"Stigmas short, on slender style; ovary not winged in flower; fruit a 1-winged achene, not splitting"	"Oleaceae {Fraxinus}"
8	"Stigmas linear, +- sessile; ovary with 2 short wings in flower; fruit generally splitting into winged mericarps"	"Sapindaceae {Acer negundo}"
9	"Margins of leaves toothed"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
9	"Margins of leaves entire"	10
10	"Weak-stemmed shrub"	11
10	"Stouter shrub or tree"	12
11	"Perianth parts in 3s, free; ovary superior, unlobed, smooth; NCo"	"Ericaceae {Empetrum}"
11	"Perianth parts in 4s, fused; ovary inferior, +- bilobed, smooth to covered with short bristles; widespread"	"Rubiaceae {Galium}"
12	"Stems and leaves covered with silvery scales"	"Elaeagnaceae {Shepherdia}"
12	"Stems and leaves glabrous or variously hairy"	13
13	"Petals fused proximally"	14
13	"Petals free or 0"	15
14	"Leaves glossy"	"Rubiaceae {Coprosma}"
14	"Leaves densely hairy"	"Scrophulariaceae {Buddleja}"
15	"Flowers in pendent catkins"	"Garryaceae {Garrya}"
15	"Flowers not in catkins"	16
16	"Stems green, jointed; leaves thin, dry, scarious, scale-like, often early-deciduous --- structures appearing to be flowers actually ovulate cones of a gymnosperm"	"Ephedraceae {Ephedra}"
16	"Stems gray or brown or only young stems green, not jointed; leaves thin or thick, green, not dry and scarious, not scale-like, persistent or deciduous"	17
17	"Leaves thick, leathery, evergreen; flowers solitary; sepals well developed"	"Simmondsiaceae {Simmondsia chinensis}"
17	"Leaves thin, deciduous; flowers in sessile, axillary clusters or short-peduncled racemes; sepals very small"	18
18	"Flowers subsessile, solitary or few in axils; styles 3--4; ovary 3--4-lobed; fruit a capsule"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
18	"Flowers pedicelled, in axillary clusters; style 1; ovary unlobed; fruit a drupe"	"Oleaceae {Forestiera}"
19	"Tendrils present; plant a vine; inflorescence an umbel or panicle; fruit a berry"	20
19	"Tendrils 0; plant a shrub or tree, rarely a vine; inflorescence, fruit various"	21
20	"Inflorescence an umbel"	"Smilacaceae {Smilax}"
20	"Inflorescence a panicle"	"Vitaceae {Vitis}"
21	"Flowers in catkins or catkin-like spikes"	22
21	"Flowers not in catkins or spikes --- ovules never produced in cone-like catkins"	30
22	"Leaves compound"	23
22	"Leaves simple"	24
23	"Leaves 1--2-pinnate, leaflets entire; fruit a long, flat +- indehiscent legume"	"Fabaceae {Gleditsia}"
23	"Leaves 1-pinnate, leaflets serrate; fruit a small 2-winged nut"	"Juglandaceae {Pterocarya}"
24	"Shrubs of +- saline desert habitats; leaves +- thick and fleshy or very narrow and densely hairy; spikes erect or very short and axillary"	Chenopodiaceae
24	"Shrubs or trees, generally of moister habitats; leaves thin and wide; spikes or catkins erect or pendent"	25
25	"Stipules 0"	26
25	"Stipules present, evident at least on new growth, sometimes deciduous but leaving evident scars"	27
26	"Leaves sessile; blades +- gray, entire, not resin-dotted; flowers enclosed by a pair of bractlets; fruit an achene or utricle, enclosed between and falling together with papery or hardened bractlets"	Chenopodiaceae
26	"Leaves petioled; blades green, crenate or serrate, resin-dotted; flowers subtended by 2--4 bractlets; fruit a papillate, wax-coated drupe, free of subtending bractlets, or an achene enclosed by and falling together with a pair of spongy bractlets"	Myricaceae
27	"Styles repeatedly branched into many fine, thread-like divisions; ovary 3-lobed, maturing as a capsule; stems brittle; shrub"	"Euphorbiaceae {Acalypha}"
27	"Styles or style branches 2--4, generally not further divided; ovary generally unlobed, the fruits various; stems mostly not brittle; shrub or tree"	28
28	"Catkins very dense at time of flower; only stigmas exserted beyond tips of tightly appressed bractlets; at maturity either catkin +- cone-like with ovaries ripening as winged achenes or bractlets expanding into 1 or more tubular involucres, each surrounding a nut"	Betulaceae
28	"Catkins looser at time of flower; bractlets, if present, not tightly appressed, the ovaries or calyces generally visible on close inspection; at maturity either catkin becoming a +- open cluster of capsules or a fleshy multiple fruit"	29
29	"Ovary tightly enwrapped by 4 appressed sepals; catkin bractlets 0; sepals fleshy at maturity, together with ovaries maturing as a multiple fruit"	"Moraceae {Morus}"
29	"Ovary not enclosed by sepals, calyx 0 or represented by an entire or slightly lobed rim; flowers subtended by bractlets, these sometimes deciduous; ovary ripening as a capsule containing several--many hair-tufted seeds"	Salicaceae
30	"Leaves and stems generally with many straight, weak, slender prickles"	"Rosaceae {Rubus ursinus}"
30	"Leaves and stems without many straight, weak prickles (rarely with stout prickles), sometimes stems thorny or leaves spiny-margined"	31
31	"Leaves palmately lobed"	32
31	"Leaves not palmately lobed"	33
32	"Inflorescence an erect terminal panicle; shrubs; bark not flaking in large plates; leaves peltate, glabrous"	"Euphorbiaceae {Ricinus}"
32	"Inflorescence axillary, generally drooping, of 1--7 spheric heads along an axis; trees; bark flaking from trunks in large plates; leaves obtuse to cordate at base, densely tomentose when young"	"Platanaceae {Platanus}"
33	"Stems and leaves stellate-hairy"	34
33	"Stems and leaves glabrous or hairy but not stellate"	35
34	"Ovary clearly superior, 2--4-lobed; fruit a capsule; involucre 0; (sub)shrub with entire leaves or desert shrub with crenate leaves"	Euphorbiaceae
34	"Ovary inferior but sepals very small and often concealed by bractlets of involucre; fruit either an ovoid nut, subtended by a cup-like involucre, or a triangular nut, surrounded in groups of 1--3 by a bur-like involucre; shrub or tree with leaves entire, toothed, or pinnately lobed but not crenate"	Fagaceae
35	"Leaves compound"	36
35	"Leaves simple"	40
36	"Petals 0; ovary inferior --- fruit a nut with a +- dehiscent husk"	Juglandaceae
36	"Petals present; ovary or ovaries superior"	37
37	"Leaflets with a few gland-tipped teeth near base; ovaries 5--6, joined only at style; fruit a cluster of winged achenes"	"Simaroubaceae {Ailanthus}"
37	"Leaflets entire or teeth not gland-tipped; ovary 1; fruit of 1 drupe, capsule, or winged achene"	38
38	"Leaves strongly aromatic, dotted with minute, translucent glands; fruit a winged achene"	"Rutaceae {Ptelea}"
38	"Leaves aromatic or not, not dotted with translucent glands; fruit a drupe or capsule"	39
39	"Leaflets 3--20, lance-linear to ovate, 10--130 mm; fruit a drupe"	Anacardiaceae
39	"Leaflets 7--33, linear-oblong or narrowly elliptic, 2--10 mm; fruit drupe-like when young, capsule-like in age"	"Burseraceae {Bursera microphylla}"
40	"Corolla 0; perianth parts 0 or in 1 series"	41
40	"Corolla present; perianth parts in 2 series"	47
41	"Inflorescence a dense, spheric head; styles long, spreading; fruits and knobby-tipped, fleshy sepals ripening as a large multiple fruit"	"Moraceae {Maclura}"
41	"Inflorescence not a spheric head; styles not long, spreading; fruits and sepals not forming multiple fruit"	42
42	"Flowers subtended or surrounded at base by an involucre of tiny scale-like bractlets; fruit an ovoid nut, subtended by a cup-like involucre; ovary inferior"	"Fagaceae {Quercus}"
42	"Flowers without an involucre; fruit an achene, utricle, capsule, or drupe; ovary inferior or superior"	43
43	"Calyx 0; flowers or fruits each enclosed by a pair of tightly appressed bracts"	Chenopodiaceae
43	"Calyx present; flowers or fruits not enclosed by a pair of tightly appressed bracts"	44
44	"Leaves strongly aromatic"	"Lauraceae {Laurus}"
44	"Leaves not aromatic"	45
45	"Leaves fleshy, linear, +- cylindric; calyx fused to ovary, winged in fruit"	"Sarcobataceae {Sarcobatus}"
45	"Leaves not fleshy, linear to round, flat; calyx free from ovary, not winged in fruit"	46
46	"Sepals free; fruit a capsule"	"Picrodendraceae {Tetracoccus}"
46	"Sepals fused; fruit a drupe"	"Rhamnaceae {Rhamnus}"
47	"Shrub with thorny green stems; leaves early deciduous, scale-like to narrowly oblong"	"Simaroubaceae {Castela}"
47	"Tree, shrub, or woody vine, generally not thorny; leaves generally present, sometimes deciduous in winter or dry season"	48
48	"Flower parts in 3s"	"Ericaceae {Empetrum}"
48	"Flower parts generally in 4s or 5s"	49
49	"Flowers in involucred heads, these generally in open to dense clusters; ovary 1 per flower, inferior; calyx modified as a white to +- brown pappus"	Asteraceae
49	"Flowers not in heads; ovaries 1--5, superior; calyx green, not modified"	50
50	"Hypanthium present"	51
50	"Hypanthium 0"	52
51	"Ovary 1; petals <= 1 mm, +- yellow; inflorescence an axillary cyme"	"Rhamnaceae {Rhamnus}"
51	"Ovaries generally 5; petals 3--6 mm, white; inflorescence a raceme"	"Rosaceae {Oemleria}"
52	"Flower parts in 4s; leaves spiny-toothed or entire"	"Aquifoliaceae {Ilex aquifolium}"
52	"Flower parts generally in 5s; leaves entire to lobed, not spiny-toothed"	53
53	"Petals 1--5 mm; fruit a drupe"	Anacardiaceae
53	"Petals 10--15 mm; fruit a capsule --- seeds sticky"	Pittosporaceae