1	"Ovary fully inferior"	2
1	"Ovary superior or partially inferior"	9
2	"Leaf parallel veined"	3
2	"Leaf pinnately or palmately veined"	6
3	"Leaves fleshy, toothed, spine-tipped"	"Agavaceae {Agave}"
3	"Leaves not fleshy, entire, not spine-tipped"	4
4	"Fertile stamens 1--2, filament(s) and anther(s) wholly fused above ovary to stigma and style, forming a column; ovary with a half twist; ovules many, microscopic; seeds dust-like"	Orchidaceae
4	"Fertile stamens 3 or more, not fused to stigma and style; ovary straight; ovules not microscopic; seeds well developed"	5
5	"Stamens 6; leaves not 2-ranked and folded (0 at flower in _Amaryllis_); adaxial and abaxial faces both visible"	Amaryllidaceae
5	"Stamens 3; leaves 2-ranked, generally folded lengthwise and apparently attached ""edge-on"", only abaxial face of leaf visible"	Iridaceae
6	"Leaves basal, palmately veined and lobed, prickly --- petiole 1--1.5 m, blade 1--2+ m"	Gunneraceae
6	"Leaves cauline, pinnately veined, entire or toothed, smooth"	7
7	"Leaves opposite; petals 2, 1--1.5 mm, white; fruit indehiscent, with hooked hairs"	"Onagraceae {Circaea}"
7	"Leaves alternate; petals 3, yellow; fruit dehiscent, without hooked hairs"	8
8	"Petals 0.8--2.3 mm; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1--3 cm"	"Onagraceae {Neoholmgrenia}"
8	"Petals >= 30 mm; leaves +- elliptic, 20--55 cm"	"Zingiberaceae {Hedychium flavescens}"
9	"Stem nodes with small, dry, sometimes spiny-spurred, scale-like leaves that subtend 1--20 thread-like, needle-like, or ovate, leaf-like branchlets --- erect to sprawling herb, sub-shrub, or twining vine"	"Asparagaceae {Asparagus}"
9	"Stem nodes without small, dry, scale-like leaves that subtend leaf-like branches"	10
10	"Leaves needle-like, abaxially grooved; low shrub"	"Ericaceae {Empetrum}"
10	"Leaves generally not needle-like, generally not abaxially grooved; herb to tree"	11
11	"Plant submersed aquatic; leaves very thin, 1-veined, opposite or whorled; flowers generally unisexual"	Hydrocharitaceae
11	"Plant terrestrial, or if aquatic, leaves not very thin, 1-veined, and opposite or whorled"	12
12	"Leaf venation pinnate or palmate, smaller veins generally forming a network (occasionally only midvein evident)"	13
12	"Leaf venation parallel, sometimes in wider leaves several larger veins originating from leaf base but smaller veins parallel to them and not forming a network"	27
13	"Tendrils present; vine; leaves ovate --- flowers unisexual; plants dioecious"	"Smilacaceae {Smilax}"
13	"Tendrils 0; herb, shrub, or tree (occasionally vine with twining stem); leaves various"	14
14	"Leaves compound or deeply lobed"	15
14	"Leaves simple"	19
15	Herb	16
15	"Shrub or tree"	17
16	"Perennial herb; leaves basal, 2--3-ternate; petals in 2 tight whorls of 3; sepals in 4--5 whorls of 3"	"Berberidaceae {Vancouveria}"
16	"Annual; leaves cauline, 1-ternate or 1-odd-pinnate; petals 3; sepals 3"	"Limnanthaceae {Floerkea}"
17	"Trunk stout, unbranched, crowned by a tight terminal rosette of very large leaves"	Arecaceae
17	"Trunk(s) branched, with leaves < 50 cm, distributed on twigs"	18
18	"Leaves alternate; leaflets spiny-toothed; fruit berry"	"Berberidaceae {Berberis}"
18	"Leaves opposite; leaflets serrate; fruit winged achene"	"Oleaceae {Fraxinus}"
19	"Plant woody"	20
19	"Plant herbaceous"	23
20	"Stamens many"	"Hydrangeaceae {Carpenteria}"
20	"Stamens 2--9"	21
21	"Leaf blade gland-dotted, aromatic; anthers dehiscing by uplifted lids; fruit fleshy"	Lauraceae
21	"Leaf blade not gland-dotted, not aromatic; anthers dehiscing by slits; fruit dry"	22
22	"Inner perianth parts 2, petal-like, outer minutely 4-lobed, +- green; fruit winged, 22--30 mm"	"Oleaceae {Fraxinus parryi}"
22	"Inner and outer perianth parts in 3s, all petal-like; fruit 3-angled achene, < 5 mm"	Polygonaceae
23	"Flower bilateral, proximal portion of calyx with a protruding, hollow spur"	"Balsaminaceae {Impatiens}"
23	"Flower radial, calyx without a spur"	24
24	"Cauline leaves in a whorl of 3 subtending 1 large terminal flower"	Melanthiaceae
24	"Cauline leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, sometimes reduced to bracts; flowers >> 1, small"	25
25	"Fruit achene, (2)3-angled --- inner and outer perianth generally similar, both whorls petal-like or both sepal-like (inner perianth parts much enlarged in fruit in _Rumex_)"	Polygonaceae
25	"Fruit capsule"	26
26	"Leaves not fleshy; plant +- aquatic; flowers axillary; outer perianth parts 2--3, +- = inner; stigmas 3; seeds many, surface net-like, brown to yellow-brown"	"Elatinaceae {Elatine}"
26	"Leaves fleshy; plant terrestrial; flowers in +- 1-sided raceme-, panicle-, or umbel-like cluster; outer perianth parts 2, > inner; stigmas 2; seeds 1--many, shiny, black"	"Montiaceae {Calyptridium}"
27	"Shrub, tree, or densely leafy rosette plant; leaves +- sword-like or +- grass-like, fibrous and/or fleshy, persisting > 1 year"	28
27	"Herb; leaves generally thin, generally not persisting (sometimes +- cylindric)"	32
28	"Leaves grass-like; styles 3"	"Melanthiaceae {Xerophyllum}"
28	"Leaves sword-like; style 1 or stigmas sessile"	29
29	"Ovules many per locule"	30
29	"Ovules 2 per locule"	31
30	"Perianth creamy white; leaves tough, fibrous, entire or with marginal fibers"	Agavaceae
30	"Perianth +- orange or red; leaves fleshy, toothed"	"Asphodelaceae {Aloe}"
31	"Flowers bisexual; fruit a berry"	"Laxmanniaceae {Cordyline australis}"
31	"Flowers generally unisexual (occasionally some bisexual); fruit a papery capsule"	"Ruscaceae {Nolina}"
32	"Sepals and petals clearly different"	33
32	"Sepals and petals very similar"	36
33	"Plant aquatic, plant body submersed or leaves floating to emergent"	Hydrocharitaceae
33	"Plant terrestrial"	34
34	"Above-ground stem 0, leaves 2--3(4), all basal; sepals much wider than narrowly linear petals; stamens 3; pedicels twisted, recurved in age; fruit touching soil"	"Liliaceae {Scoliopus}"
34	"Above-ground stem well developed, +- leafy; sepals much narrower than reniform to generally widely ovate petals; stamens 6, sometimes 3 sterile; pedicels not recurved in age; fruit not touching soil"	35
35	"Petals glabrous, withering after 1 day; ovary +- spheric; seeds few"	Commelinaceae
35	"Petals hairy, generally persistent several days; ovary +- cylindric; seeds many"	"Liliaceae {Calochortus}"
36	"Perianth parts generally green to +- brown (red or white), scale-like"	37
36	"Perianth parts petal-like in color and texture"	38
37	"Inflorescence of 1--many flowers, variously clustered, subtended individually and/or in small groups by bracts; style 1, stigmas 2--3, slender, spreading; fruit a capsule"	Juncaceae
37	"Inflorescence a bractless raceme; stigmas 3 or 6, +- sessile; fruit breaking into mericarps"	"Juncaginaceae {Triglochin}"
38	"Inflorescence an umbel (rarely flower solitary or in short, dense raceme); leaves all basal, arising from bulb or corm"	39
38	"Inflorescence various, often a raceme or panicle, if flowers in umbels stem +- leafy or with scale-like bracts; leaves basal and/or cauline, underground parts various"	41
39	"Fruit a berry"	"Liliaceae {Clintonia}"
39	"Fruit a capsule"	40
40	"Plant with onion odor; inflorescence bracts 2 (sometimes fused), wholly enclosing immature inflorescence, but generally not formed among pedicels; stems and leaves arising from bulb"	Alliaceae
40	"Plant without onion odor; inflorescence bracts 3 or more, not wholly enclosing immature inflorescence, and some formed among pedicels; stems and leaves arising from corm"	Themidaceae
41	"Perianth parts proximally +- fused into tube"	42
41	"Perianth parts free or nearly so"	46
42	"Plant aquatic, floating on water surface, stranded on mud, or rooting in bottom sediments; flowers generally open only 1 day"	Pontederiaceae
42	"Plant generally terrestrial, sometimes in damp soil; flowers generally open > 1 day"	43
43	"Ovary underground; perianth tube long, stalk-like"	"Agavaceae {Leucocrinum}"
43	"Ovary above-ground; perianth tube not stalk-like"	44
44	"Perianth red (yellow)"	"Asphodelaceae {Kniphofia}"
44	"Perianth white to +- yellow"	45
45	"Perianth 45--60 mm; leaves strongly wavy-margined"	"Agavaceae {Hesperocallis}"
45	"Perianth 8--12 mm; leaves not wavy-margined"	"Tecophilaeaceae {Odontostomum hartwegii}"
46	"Leaves mostly or all cauline"	47
46	"Leaves all basal or basal and cauline"	49
47	"Styles 3; flowers bisexual or staminate"	"Melanthiaceae {Veratrum}"
47	"Style 1 or stigmas sessile; flowers bisexual"	48
48	"Perianth 8--110+ mm"	Liliaceae
48	"Perianth 1--7 mm"	"Ruscaceae {Maianthemum}"
49	"All or some filaments densely hairy"	50
49	"Filaments glabrous (or expanded filament base puberulent)"	51
50	"Inner 3 filaments hairy"	"Asphodelaceae {Bulbine}"
50	"All filaments hairy"	"Nartheciaceae {Narthecium californicum}"
51	"Styles 3"	52
51	"Style 1 or 0 and stigmas sessile"	53
52	"Stem glabrous"	Melanthiaceae
52	"Stem glandular"	"Tofieldiaceae {Triantha occidentalis subsp. occidentalis}"
53	"Cauline leaves present, +- well developed"	Liliaceae
53	"Cauline leaves 0 or reduced to linear or scale-like bracts"	54
54	"Leaf lanceolate or ovate to elliptic or obovate"	Liliaceae
54	"Leaf linear"	55
55	"Leaves +- flat, often keeled or wavy-margined; stem generally 1 from bulb"	Agavaceae
55	"Leaves +- cylindric, hollow; stems several--many from tuber-like rhizome"	"Asphodelaceae {Asphodelus}"