1	"Receptacle with long paleae among flowers"	2
1	"Receptacle epaleate (sometimes bristly or minutely scaly)"	5
2	"Leaves mostly cauline, spiny, thistle-like; paleae wide, individually enclosing and falling with fruits"	"Scolymus {Scolymus hispanicus}"
2	"Leaves mostly or all basal, not spiny; paleae narrow, membranous, not enclosing fruits"	3
3	"Peduncle bracted; scape branched or unbranched"	Hypochaeris
3	"Peduncle bractless; scape unbranched"	4
4	"Pappus bristles not longer on 1 side of fruits, +- minutely barbed; phyllary margins not wide and papery"	Agoseris
4	"Pappus bristles much longer on 1 side of all fruits, plumose; phyllary margins papery, much wider than midrib"	"Anisocoma {Anisocoma acaulis}"
5	"Pappus 0 (or occasionally low crown in <i>Phalacroseris</i>)"	6
5	"Pappus present"	9
6	"Heads solitary; stem leafless"	"Phalacroseris {Phalacroseris bolanderi}"
6	"Heads few to many in cyme-like or panicle-like inflorescence; stem often leafy"	7
7	"Outer fruits 10--15 mm, rigidly spreading, individually enfolded by inner phyllaries"	"Rhagadiolus {Rhagadiolus stellatus}"
7	"Outer fruit 3--5 mm, generally straight (curved), not individually enfolded by phyllaries"	8
8	"Leaves mostly basal; corolla white; D"	"Atrichoseris {Atrichoseris platyphylla}"
8	"Leaves mostly cauline; corolla yellow; NW, SN, GV, CCo, SnFrB, SW"	"Lapsana {Lapsana communis}"
9	"Corolla blue"	10
9	"Corolla yellow or white to purple"	11
10	"Pappus of short scales"	"Cichorium {Cichorium intybus}"
10	"Pappus of long bristles"	Lactuca
11	"Pappus of scales, stiff awns (sometimes with shorter bristles), or awn-tipped scales, not plumose (except <i>Microseris nutans</i>, <i>Microseris sylvatica</i>, inner fruit pappus of <i>Leontodon</i>)"	12
11	"Pappus of simple bristles or of +- plumose bristles or awns"	20
12	"Outer fruits often enfolded by phyllaries; pappus of outer and inner fruits dissimilar"	13
12	"Outer fruits generally not enfolded by phyllaries; pappus of outer and inner fruits +- alike"	14
13	"Leaves basal and cauline; peduncle thickened below fruit head; inner fruit pappus bristles minutely barbed"	"Hedypnois {Hedypnois rhagadioloides}"
13	"Leaves basal; peduncle not or scarcely thickened; inner fruit pappus bristles plumose"	Leontodon
14	"Corolla pink to +- white; stem much-branched --- cauline leaves short, linear, entire"	"Chaetadelpha {Chaetadelpha wheeleri}"
14	"Corolla white to yellow or orange; stem branches 0--few"	15
15	"Outer phyllaries long, linear; pappus scales stiff, bristle-like"	"Tolpis {Tolpis barbata}"
15	"Outer phyllaries <= inner, generally wider than linear (if linear, short); pappus scales few to many, bristle-tipped"	16
16	"Perennial herb, scapose; rosette leaves entire, narrow, long-tapered; heads erect; pappus scales 10--30, narrowly lanceolate, silvery, bristle-tip not plumose"	"Nothocalais troximoides"
16	"Annual or perennial herb, scapose or not; leaves entire to lobed; pappus scales 1--many, silvery to +- black, bristle-tip smooth, barbed, or plumose"	17
17	"Annual; head erect; involucre glabrous, outer phyllaries not < 1/4 inner; pappus scales 5, lanceolate, silvery, bristle short, smooth, from evenly notched scale tip"	"Uropappus {Uropappus lindleyi}"
17	"Annual or perennial herb; head +- nodding in bud; involucre glabrous to hairy, outer phyllaries often < 1/4 inner; pappus scales 1--30, variously colored, tip entire to unevenly cut, bristle from tip smooth to plumose"	18
18	"Perennial herb with fleshy taproot(s); ligules >> involucre; pappus scales 5--30"	Microseris
18	"Annual; ligules +- = involucre; pappus scales 5 (often < 5 in <i>Microseris douglasii</i>)"	19
19	"Head generally strongly nodding in bud; pappus scales generally deltate to ovate (if lanceolate, tapered to bristle); leaves basal"	Microseris
19	"Head generally not strongly nodding in bud; pappus scales narrowly lanceolate, tip notched or irregularly cut; cauline leaves sometimes present"	Stebbinsoseris
20	"Pappus bristles or awns plumose"	21
20	"Pappus bristles smooth or barbed, stiff or soft"	30
21	"Pappus bristles wide at base, scale-like"	Microseris
21	"Pappus of bristle or awns, slender or thick at base, not scale-like"	22
22	"Pappus bristles very unequal"	23
22	"Pappus bristles +- equal"	24
23	"Pappus bristles much longer on 1 side of all fruits; phyllary margins papery, much wider than midrib"	"Anisocoma {Anisocoma acaulis}"
23	"Outer fruit pappus of short scales, inner fruit pappus of long and short bristles; phyllary margins not wide and papery"	Leontodon
24	"Leaves linear to lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, grass-like, entire or few-toothed; involucre 2.5--5 cm"	25
24	"Leaves lanceolate to elliptic (or scale-like), larger leaves +- toothed or lobed; involucre 0.5--2 cm"	26
25	"Perennial herb; phyllary series several; fruit beak 0"	"Scorzonera {Scorzonera hispanica}"
25	"Annual or biennial; phyllary series 1; fruit beak > body"	Tragopogon
26	"Corollas white to pink or lavender"	27
26	"Corollas yellow"	28
27	"Fruit beaked; corollas white or cream, sometimes red-veined"	Rafinesquia
27	"Fruit beak 0; corollas pink to pale lavender"	Stephanomeria
28	"Leaves in basal rosette; heads generally 1 on scapose peduncle --- outer phyllaries inconspicuous"	Leontodon
28	"Leaves basal and cauline, or basal 0 at flower; heads 1--many, not on scapose peduncle"	29
29	"Phyllaries in 2 series, outer wide, free, inner narrow"	"Helminthotheca {Helminthotheca echioides}"
29	"Phyllaries in 1 series, wide, bases slightly fused"	"Urospermum {Urospermum picroides}"
30	"Fruit +- compressed"	31
30	"Fruit not compressed"	32
31	"Fruit beaked (beak sometimes short, thick)"	Lactuca
31	"Fruit beak 0"	Sonchus
32	"Stem much-branched"	33
32	"Stem little-branched, not thorny; corolla yellow, white, lavender, or rosy to +- purple"	36
33	"Stem thorny; corollas pink or lavender to red-purple (white)"	"Pleiacanthus {Pleiacanthus spinosus}"
33	"Stem not thorny; corollas yellow or white to light pink"	34
34	"Flowers 3--4 per head, corollas white or light pink; annual, 5--30 cm"	"Prenanthella {Prenanthella exigua}"
34	"Flowers 6--60 per head, corollas white or yellow; biennial or perennial herb, 10--150 cm"	35
35	"Fruit beaked"	"Chondrilla {Chondrilla juncea}"
35	"Fruit beak 0"	Hieracium
36	"Shrub; s ChI (San Clemente Island)"	"Munzothamnus {Munzothamnus blairii}"
36	Herb	37
37	"Fruit widely cylindric or base +- narrowed, not beaked"	38
37	"Fruit tapered at both ends (or distally), often beaked"	42
38	"Some or all pappus bristles falling from fruit --- long glandless hairs 0"	Malacothrix
38	"Pappus bristles persistent"	39
39	"Plant long-hairy, especially below; heads few to many; stem generally branched"	Hieracium
39	"Plant glabrous or minutely puberulent; heads solitary on scapose peduncle"	40
40	"Annual; pappus bristle 5 or fewer"	"Microseris douglasii"
40	"Perennial herb; pappus bristles > 20"	41
41	"Pappus bristles +- brown, barbed"	"Microseris borealis"
41	"Pappus bristles white, smooth"	"Nothocalais alpestris"
42	"Pappus bristles deciduous, sometimes a few persistent"	43
42	"Pappus bristles persistent"	45
43	"Fruit not beaked"	Malacothrix
43	"Fruit short-beaked"	44
44	"Fruit tapered to beak; leaf margins not hard"	Calycoseris
44	"Fruit abruptly beaked; leaf margins white, hard"	Glyptopleura
45	"Stem branched, leafy (leaves often reduced); beak present or 0"	Crepis
45	"Stem unbranched, leafless (except some annual <i>Agoseris</i>)"	46
46	"Phyllaries unequal, outer << inner, inner equal; fruit beak long, slender"	Taraxacum
46	"Phyllaries equal or +- graduated in several series; fruit beak 0 or short to long, slender to stout"	47
47	"Plant generally +- hairy; outer phyllaries generally < inner, often striped +- purple, speckled or not"	Agoseris
47	"Plant +- glabrous (or petioles ciliate); outer phyllaries +- = inner, finely speckled purple --- KR, n&c SNH"	"Nothocalais alpestris"