1 "Perianth zygomorphic; gynoecium about half length of stamens and hooked so that tip sits in pouch of ventral tepal below ventral anther" 2 1 "Perianth actinomorphic; gynoecium exserted, equal to or slightly longer or shorter than stamens" 11 2 "Bark lamellose-flaky, deeply fissured; leaves slightly to strongly falcate [tropical W.A., N.T., Qld]" "Persoonia falcata" 2 "Bark smooth and compact, sometimes fissured or slightly flaky at base; leaves straight to slightly falcate [south-western W.A.]" 3 3 "Hypogynous glands 2 or 4; dorsal pair much reduced or absent; anthers white" 4 3 "Hypogynous glands 4, equal; anthers yellow or yellow with white tips" 8 4 "Perianth moderately hairy on outside" 5 4 "Perianth glabrous to sparsely hairy on outside" 7 5 "Leaves subterete, grooved underneath" "Persoonia biglandulosa" 5 "Leaves flat" 6 6 "Leaves with recurved or revolute margins; flowers mostly subtended by leaves; rachis 7–25 cm long" "Persoonia brachystylis" 6 "Leaves margins not recurved; flowers mostly subtended by scale leaves and leaves; rachis to 1 cm long" "Persoonia kararae" 7 "Leaves flat, without prominent parallel veins" "Persoonia stricta" 7 "Leaves dorsiventrally flattened, with 2 or 4 grooves on both surfaces, or ±triangular in cross-section with 2 grooves on both surfaces, or ±triangular to ventrally plano-convex in cross-section without grooves, or ±subterete with single groove underneath" "Persoonia saundersiana" 8 "Leaves terete; ventral tepal shallowly saccate" "Persoonia teretifolia" 8 "Leaves subterete and grooved underneath or flat to compressed; ventral tepal deeply saccate" 9 9 "Leaves more than 2.5 mm wide" "Persoonia comata" 9 "Leaves less than 2 mm wide" 10 10 "Tepals hairy; anthers yellow with white tips" "Persoonia saccata" 10 "Tepals glabrous; anthers yellow" "Persoonia hakeiformis" 11 "Anther connective extending beyond loculi as an appendage [W.A.]" 12 11 "Anther appendage absent [all states except N.T.]" 39 12 "Broadest leaves more than 2 mm wide" 13 12 "Leaves less than 2 mm wide" 24 13 "Leaves opposite-decussate, broadly cordate; width equal to or greater than length" "Persoonia cordifolia" 13 "Leaves mostly alternate, not cordate, longer than wide" 14 14 "Ovary densely hairy" "Persoonia trinervis" 14 "Ovary glabrous" 15 15 "Longest leaves more than 8 cm long" 16 15 "Leaves less than 8 cm long" 17 16 "Tepals more than 10 mm long; erect shrub or small tree to 5 m, with lamellose-flaky bark" "Persoonia longifolia" 16 "Tepals less than 5 mm long; erect to decumbent herb or weak shrub to 0.6 m, with smooth bark" "Persoonia graminea" 17 "Leaves mostly more than 10 mm wide; inflorescences anauxotelic, terminal or occasionally subterminal; rachis 1–6 cm long; flowers subtended by scale leaves; plants prostrate" "Persoonia micranthera" 17 "Leaves less than 10 mm wide; inflorescences auxotelic or sometimes anauxotelic but then usually axillary and rachis less than 1 mm long; flowers subtended by scale leaves or leaves; plants erect to spreading" 18 18 "Inflorescences usually auxotelic, terminal to axillary; flowers subtended by scale leaves or leaves; anthers yellow when fresh; cotyledons more than 2" 19 18 "Inflorescences anauxotelic, axillary; flowers subtended by scale leaves; anthers white when fresh; cotyledons 2" 23 19 "Leaves without prominent parallel veins, often pungent, often narrow but never linear" 20 19 "Leaves with 3–13 prominent, parallel veins or without prominent parallel veins but then linear, not pungent" 22 20 "Anther appendage 0.3–0.5 mm long, not recurved; anther loculi sublatrorse" "Persoonia flexifolia" 20 "Anther appendage 1.2–2 mm long, recurved through 90–180°; anther loculi introrse" 21 21 "Tepals moderately glandular-hairy on outside, 9–13 mm long; pedicels 3.5–9 mm long; young branchlets covered with incurved-patent hairs" "Persoonia spathulata" 21 "Tepals glabrous to moderately covered in non-glandular hairs on outside, 6.5–10 mm long; pedicels 1.5–4.5 mm long; young branchlets covered with antrorsely spreading hairs" "Persoonia scabra" 22 "Anther appendage 0.4–1 mm long, recurved through less than 90°" "Persoonia quinquenervis" 22 "Anther appendage 1.4–2.8 mm long, recurved through 90–180°" "Persoonia striata" 23 "Pedicels obsolete; leaves with 3 prominent, parallel veins on upper surface" "Persoonia rufiflora" 23 "Pedicels 1.5–5 mm long; leaves without prominent, parallel veins" "Persoonia brevirhachis" 24 "Ovary densely hairy" 25 24 "Ovary glabrous or, rarely, sparsely hairy" 29 25 "Tepals glabrous" "Persoonia chapmaniana" 25 "Tepals moderately to densely hairy" 26 26 "Leaves concave, with no other grooves or prominent, parallel veins" "Persoonia rudis" 26 "Leaves subterete to compressed but not concave, with 6 prominent, parallel veins" 27 27 "Leaves pungent" "Persoonia bowgada" 27 "Leaves not pungent" 28 28 "Inflorescences 1–4-flowered; flowers mostly subtended by scale leaves; leaves smooth to slightly scaberulous" "Persoonia angustiflora" 28 "Inflorescences 1–20-flowered; flowers subtended by scale leaves and leaves; leaves scabrous" "Persoonia papillosa" 29 "Anther appendage less than 1 mm long, either not recurved or recurved less than 90°" 30 29 "Anther appendage more than 1 mm long, recurved through 90–180°" 36 30 "Leaves with recurved to revolute margins (sometimes subterete and grooved underneath); anthers white" 31 30 "Leaves without recurved to revolute margins; anthers yellow" 32 31 "Leaves without prominent veins, circular in cross-section but with longitudinal groove on undersurface; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long" "Persoonia inconspicua" 31 "Leaves with 3 prominent veins on upper surface or at least somewhat angular in cross-section; pedicels obsolete" "Persoonia rufiflora" 32 "Longest leaves more than 2.5 cm long" 33 32 "Leaves less than 2.5 cm long" 34 33 "Leaves pungent, scabrous, ±terete, with 5 prominent, parallel veins; ovules 2; inflorescences anauxotelic" "Persoonia pentasticha" 33 "Leaves not pungent, smooth to scaberulous, if subterete then with 8 prominent, parallel veins; ovule 1; inflorescences mostly auxotelic" "Persoonia quinquenervis" 34 "Leaves concave to subterete and involute" "Persoonia dillwynioides" 34 "Leaves flat to subterete but not involute" 35 35 "Leaves flat to slightly concave or convex, without prominent, parallel veins, sharp but not pungent, 1.8–3 mm wide; ovules 2" "Persoonia flexifolia" 35 "Leaves compressed to subterete, with 4 or 6 prominent, parallel veins, pungent, 0.6–1 mm wide; ovule 1" "Persoonia acicularis" 36 "Longest leaves more than 5 cm long; tepals sparsely to moderately hairy" "Persoonia hexagona" 36 "Leaves less than 5 cm long; tepals glabrous" 37 37 "Anther appendage filiform" "Persoonia filiformis" 37 "Anther appendage obtuse or acute" 38 38 "Leaves pungent" "Persoonia sulcata" 38 "Leaves sometimes sharp but never pungent" "Persoonia striata" 39 "Widest leaves less than 2 mm wide" 40 39 "Widest leaves more than 2 mm wide" 68 40 "Ovary moderately to densely hairy" 41 40 "Ovary glabrous" 45 41 "Prostrate shrubs; leaves smooth to slightly scaberulous" "Persoonia chamaepitys" 41 "Erect to spreading shrubs; leaves smooth to scabrous" 42 42 "Leaves 0.5–1.4 cm long, recurved" "Persoonia hirsuta" 42 "Leaves mostly 1.5–4.5 cm long, not recurved" 43 43 "Leaves flat to concave; ovary moderately hairy [W.A.]" "Persoonia cymbifolia" 43 "Leaves convex with revolute margins to subterete and grooved underneath; ovary densely hairy [eastern Australia]" 44 44 "Hairs mostly patent" "Persoonia fastigiata" 44 "Hairs mostly appressed to antrorsely spreading" "Persoonia subtilis" 45 "Leaves ±terete, with 5 prominent, parallel veins, scabrous" "Persoonia pentasticha" 45 "Leaves flat or compressed or concave or terete, either not grooved or with a single longitudinal groove on upper or lower surface, smooth to scabrous" 46 46 "Leaves twisted, often asymmetrical [W.A.]" 47 46 "Leaves not twisted [south-eastern Australia]" 50 47 "Longest leaves more than 2.5 cm long" 48 47 "Longest leaves less than 2.5 cm long" 49 48 "Leaves twisted through 90° to 6 complete turns" "Persoonia helix" 48 "Leaves twisted at base through 90°" "Persoonia pertinax" 49 "Leaves sharp but not pungent, glaucous; tepals densely hairy" "Persoonia leucopogon" 49 "Leaves pungent, not glaucous; tepals glabrous" "Persoonia pungens" 50 "Leaves pungent" "Persoonia juniperina" 50 "Leaves sometimes sharp but not pungent" 51 51 "Widest leaves less than 1 mm wide, subterete or terete" 52 51 "Widest leaves more than 1 mm wide, mostly flat or compressed" 57 52 "Leaves strongly scabrous" "Persoonia curvifolia" 52 "Leaves smooth to finely scabrous" 53 53 "Leaves 3–7 cm long; inflorescences anauxotelic; flowers subtended by reduced leaves" "Persoonia pinifolia" 53 "Leaves mostly less than 3 cm long; inflorescences auxotelic; flowers mostly subtended by full-sized leaves" 54 54 "Tepals moderately to densely hairy; leaves 0.8 mm wide or more" "Persoonia mollis" 54 "Tepals glabrous to sparsely hairy; leaves c. 0.5 mm wide or less" 55 55 "Tepals prominently caudate with dorsal tails" "Persoonia acerosa" 55 "Tepals obtuse or apiculate" 56 56 "Leaves subterete and slightly grooved on upper surface when living" "Persoonia tenuifolia" 56 "Leaves terete" "Persoonia isophylla" 57 "Leaves narrowly to linear-spathulate, strongly scabrous" "Persoonia cuspidifera" 57 "Leaves linear to narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, smoothly to strongly scabrous" 58 58 "Longest leaves 0.4–1 cm long, narrowly oblong; inflorescences anauxotelic" "Persoonia terminalis" 58 "Longest leaves more than 1 cm long, linear-oblong or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; inflorescences mostly auxotelic" 59 59 "Pedicels and tepals glabrous" 60 59 "Pedicels and tepals hairy, tepals sometimes only sparsely so" 64 60 "Leaves slightly to strongly discolorous, flat or convex with recurved margins" 61 60 "Leaves concolorous, flat to slightly concave" 63 61 "Leaves mostly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate" "Persoonia bargoensis" 61 "Leaves linear-oblong" 62 62 "Erect to spreading shrub; leaves 1.5–4.5 cm long, strongly discolorous" "Persoonia nutans" 62 "Prostrate or decumbent shrub; leaves 0.8–1.5 cm long, slightly discolorous" "Persoonia laxa" 63 "Decumbent or prostrate shrubs; leaves 0.8–2.5 cm long" "Persoonia chamaepeuce" 63 "Erect or rarely prostrate shrubs; leaves 2–5 cm long" "Persoonia virgata" 64 "Prostrate shrubs" "Persoonia chamaepeuce" 64 "Erect to spreading shrubs" 65 65 "Leaves concave" "Persoonia juniperina" 65 "Leaves flat to convex" 66 66 "Bark lamellose-flaky; leaves flat, sometimes slightly convex" "Persoonia linearis" 66 "Bark smooth; leaves convex to revolute or subterete" 67 67 "Leaves strongly scabrous, usually curved upwards, concolorous" "Persoonia curvifolia" 67 "Leaves smooth to scaberulous, not consistently curved upwards, strongly discolorous" "Persoonia mollis" 68 "Ovary glabrous" 69 68 "Ovary sparsely to densely hairy" 117 69 "Tepals with prominent lateral flaps [Tas.]" 70 69 "Tepals lacking lateral flaps [mainland Australia]" 72 70 "Prostrate shrubs; leaves 0.6–1.5 cm long" "Persoonia moscalii" 70 "Erect shrubs; leaves 1–6 cm long" 71 71 "Tepals 10–13.5 mm long, white to cream" "Persoonia gunnii" 71 "Tepals 15–22 mm long, cream to yellow" "Persoonia muelleri" 72 "Longest leaves less than 2.5 cm long" 73 72 "Longest leaves more than 2.5 cm long" 86 73 "Leaves twisted through 0–360° and/or consistently asymmetrical [W.A.]" 74 73 "Leaves not twisted [south-eastern Australia]" 76 74 "Tepals densely hairy" "Persoonia leucopogon" 74 "Tepals glabrous" 75 75 "Leaves spathulate to narrowly spathulate, not pungent" "Persoonia baeckeoides" 75 "Leaves elliptic, narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, pungent" "Persoonia pungens" 76 "Leaves widest above middle" 77 76 "Leaves mostly widest at or below middle" 79 77 "Mature leaves smooth to slightly scaberulous, or softly hairy" "Persoonia mollis" 77 "Mature leaves strongly scabrous" 78 78 "Widest leaves less than 5.5 mm wide, concolorous; pedicels 2–5 mm long" "Persoonia cuspidifera" 78 "Widest leaves more than 5.5 mm wide, concolorous to slightly discolorous; pedicels 1–3 mm long" "Persoonia rigida" 79 "Tepals prominently caudate with dorsal, recurved tails" "Persoonia myrtilloides" 79 "Tepals apiculate to shortly caudate with terminal tails" 80 80 "Pedicels erect, moderately to densely hairy" "Persoonia mollis" 80 "Pedicels mostly spreading to recurved, glabrous to moderately hairy" 81 81 "Tepal tips shortly caudate" "Persoonia brevifolia" 81 "Tepal tips acute to apiculate" 82 82 "Mature leaves scabrous with antrorse to patent hairs; leaves convex with recurved to revolute margins" "Persoonia microphylla" 82 "Mature leaves smooth and glabrescent to scaberulous with appressed to antrorse hairs; leaves flat with flat to recurved margins" 83 83 "Pedicels sparsely to moderately hairy; tepals glabrous to moderately hairy; leaves sparsely to moderately hairy when immature, remaining so when mature" "Persoonia asperula" 83 "Pedicels and tepals glabrous (or rarely pedicels very sparsely hairy); leaves sparsely, rarely moderately, hairy when immature, glabrescent to sparsely hairy when mature" 84 84 "Longest leaves 1.1 cm long or less" "Persoonia oxycoccoides" 84 "Longest leaves more than 1.1 cm long" 85 85 "Leaves usually strongly discolorous, with recurved margins, 2.5–8.5 mm wide" "Persoonia acuminata" 85 "Leaves concolorous to slightly discolorous, with flat to slightly recurved margins, 1.2–3.5 mm wide" "Persoonia recedens" 86 "Bark lamellose-flaky, rough ('paper bark')" 87 86 "Bark compact, smooth or corky, sometimes fissured or finely flaky on main stems" 89 87 "Leaves straight, not twisted, 2–9 cm long, 1–7 mm wide" "Persoonia linearis" 87 "Leaves slightly to strongly asymmetrical, usually twisted at base so that lamina is held in a vertical plane, 6–20 cm long, 2–80 mm wide" 88 88 "Gynoecial abscission zone at base of stipe; leaves 13–80 mm wide; cotyledons more than 2 [south-eastern Australia]" "Persoonia levis" 88 "Gynoecial abscission zone 1/3–2/3 way up stipe; leaves 2–16 mm wide; cotyledons 2 [W.A.]" "Persoonia longifolia" 89 "Pedicels recurved (or rarely spreading if less than 3 mm long)" 90 89 "Pedicels erect" 91 90 "Tepals prominently caudate; pedicels sparsely to moderately hairy, 2–10 mm long; leaf margins recurved" "Persoonia myrtilloides" 90 "Tepals apiculate to shortly caudate; pedicels glabrous, 9–23 mm long; leaf margins flat" "Persoonia oblongata" 91 "Plants prostrate" 92 91 "Plants erect to decumbent" 94 92 "Leaves strongly discolorous, with revolute margins" "Persoonia mollis" 92 "Leaves concolorous, with slightly recurved margins" 93 93 "Tepals moderately hairy" "Persoonia daphnoides" 93 "Tepals sparsely hairy" "Persoonia procumbens" 94 "Leaves consistently asymmetrical, or occasionally symmetrical but then twisted through more than 90°" 95 94 "Leaves symmetrical, or a few leaves slightly asymmetrical (sometimes due to galling), not twisted or twisted through 90° or less" 98 95 "Longest leaves more than 6.5 cm long [N.S.W.]" "Persoonia katerae" 95 "Longest leaves 6.5 cm long or less [W.A.]" 96 96 "Leaves twisted through 180° to 6 complete turns, 1.5–4 mm wide" "Persoonia helix" 96 "Leaves twisted through less than 180° or twisted up to 360° but then more than 4 mm wide" 97 97 "Leaves 1–2.5 mm wide, not glaucous" "Persoonia pertinax" 97 "Widest leaves 3–13 mm wide, often glaucous" "Persoonia coriacea" 98 "Anthers white when fresh" 99 98 "Anthers yellow when fresh" 103 99 "Tepals 16–19 mm long" "Persoonia arborea" 99 "Tepals 11–15 mm long" 100 100 "Inflorescences consistently auxotelic, leafy; mature leaves sparsely to moderately hairy; cotyledons 3–5" "Persoonia subvelutina" 100 "Inflorescences anauxotelic or mixed anauxotelic and auxotelic; mature leaves glabrescent to sparsely hairy; cotyledons 2" 101 101 "At least some inflorescences auxotelic and bearing some flowers in axils of leaves; leaves alternate; tepals glabrous to moderately hairy" "Persoonia silvatica" 101 "All inflorescences anauxotelic and bearing flowers only in axils of scale leaves; leaves usually opposite; tepals densely hairy" 102 102 "Leaves moderately scabrous" "Persoonia laurina" 102 "Leaves smooth" "Persoonia confertiflora" 103 "Mature leaves scabrous, with recurved margins, 1.5–5 cm long, concolorous to slightly discolorous, widest above middle" "Persoonia rigida" 103 "Mature leaves smooth, or if scabrous, then with flat margins or more than 5 cm long or strongly discolorous or widest at or below middle" 104 104 "Gynoecial abscission zone 1/4–1/2 way up stipe; cotyledons 2 [W.A.]" "Persoonia elliptica" 104 "Gynoecial abscission zone at base of stipe; cotyledons more than 2 [eastern Australia]" 105 105 "Leaves twisted at base through 90° so that the laminae are held in a vertical plane, concolorous" 106 105 "Leaves not twisted or twisted through 0–90°; laminae not consistently held in a vertical plane, concolorous to strongly discolorous" 107 106 "Leaves strongly glaucous, especially when young; ovule 1" "Persoonia glaucescens" 106 "Leaves not glaucous; ovules 2, rarely 1" "Persoonia lanceolata" 107 "Ovules 2" 108 107 "Ovule 1 (occasionally 2)" 112 108 "Pedicels glabrous; leaves less than 6 mm wide, flat to concave" "Persoonia virgata" 108 "Pedicels hairy; leaves 2–50 mm wide, flat with slightly recurved to revolute margins" 109 109 "Inflorescences anauxotelic; flowers subtended by scale leaves or reduced leaves; rachis 0.3–1 cm long" "Persoonia tropica" 109 "Inflorescences auxotelic; flowers subtended by scale leaves and leaves; rachis often more than 1 cm long" 110 110 "Leaves markedly discolorous" "Persoonia mollis" 110 "Leaves concolorous" 111 111 "Basal bark deeply fissured; leaves 3–8 cm long; inflorescences 1–11-flowered; rachis 0–4 cm long [Qld]" "Persoonia amaliae" 111 "Basal bark finely fissured; leaves 6–17 cm long; inflorescences mostly 6–22-flowered; rachis 3–16 cm long [N.S.W.]" "Persoonia katerae" 112 "Tepals and young branchlets glabrous to sparsely covered in appressed hairs" "Persoonia media" 112 "Tepals and young branchlets moderately to densely hairy" 113 113 "Inflorescences mostly anauxotelic; tepals acute to apiculate, moderately to densely hairy" "Persoonia cornifolia" 113 "Inflorescences mostly auxotelic or if mostly anauxotelic then tepals moderately hairy; tepals apiculate to caudate" 114 114 "Multi-stemmed shrubs, 0.2–1 m tall" "Persoonia oleoides" 114 "Single-stemmed shrubs to small trees 1–9 m tall" 115 115 "Leaves usually 3–10 mm wide, 5–15 times longer than wide; bark smooth to base" "Persoonia volcanica" 115 "Leaves (6–) 10–45 mm wide, 1.5–7 times longer than wide; bark finely fissured at base, smooth on branches" 116 116 "Tepals apiculate to shortly caudate; leaves mostly 2–4 times as long as wide" "Persoonia stradbrokensis" 116 "Tepals prominently caudate; leaves mostly 3–7 times as long as wide" "Persoonia adenantha" 117 "Leaves 0.5–1.4 cm long, recurved" "Persoonia hirsuta" 117 "Leaves more than 1.5 cm long, either incurved or not consistently curved" 118 118 "Leaves 1–3 mm wide; pedicels erect to suberect; ovary moderately hairy [W.A.]" "Persoonia cymbifolia" 118 "Leaves more than 3 mm wide or if less than 3 mm wide then pedicels recurved and/or ovary densely hairy [eastern Australia]" 119 119 "Pedicels recurved" 120 119 "Pedicels erect to spreading" 121 120 "Pedicels glabrous, 9–23 mm long; tepals glabrous to sparsely hairy" "Persoonia oblongata" 120 "Pedicels moderately to densely hairy, 2–12 mm long; tepals moderately to densely hairy" "Persoonia sericea" 121 "Leaves mostly opposite and decussate, strongly discolorous; tepals densely ferruginous-hairy" "Persoonia laurina" 121 "Leaves alternate, concolorous to discolorous; tepals glabrous to densely hairy" 122 122 "Prostrate to decumbent shrubs" 123 122 "Spreading to erect shrubs or trees" 124 123 "Tepals caudate with dorsal tails, sparsely hairy [N.S.W.]" "Persoonia marginata" 123 "Tepals apiculate, moderately to densely hairy [Qld]" "Persoonia prostrata" 124 "Ovary hairs ferruginous; mature leaves smooth" "Persoonia iogyna" 124 "Ovary hairs greyish to tawny, or rarely ferruginous but then mature leaves scabrous" 125 125 "Mature leaves sparsely to densely hairy, widest above middle, 2–6 cm long" "Persoonia sericea" 125 "Mature leaves glabrescent or rarely sparsely to moderately hairy, but then widest at or below middle, 2–14 cm long" 126 126 "Young branchlets and tepals glabrous to sparsely hairy; hairs mostly appressed" "Persoonia media" 126 "Young branchlets moderately to densely hairy; hairs appressed to patent" 127 127 "Young branchlets, young leaves, pedicels and tepals ferruginous-hairy; mature leaves scabrous, glabrescent to moderately hairy; ovary densely hairy" "Persoonia rufa" 127 "Young branchlets, young leaves, pedicels and tepals greyish- to tawny-hairy or, if rusty-hairy, ovary sparsely hairy; mature leaves smooth to slightly scabrous, glabrescent to sparsely hairy" 128 128 "Inflorescences mostly anauxotelic; tepals acute to apiculate, moderately to densely hairy; bark smooth to base" "Persoonia cornifolia" 128 "Inflorescences mostly auxotelic, or, if mostly anauxotelic, tepals moderately hairy and apiculate to caudate; bark finely flakey at base" 129 129 "Tepals sparsely to moderately covered in appressed to antrorse hairs; leaves mostly 4–10 times longer than wide" "Persoonia conjuncta" 129 "Tepals moderately to densely covered in appressed to patent hairs; leaves mostly 2–4 times longer than wide" "Persoonia stradbrokensis"