1	"Flowers in heads on a flat or depressed to slightly domed axis; bracts surrounding base of inflorescence enlarged, imbricate, forming a prominent involucre"	2
1	"Flowers in usually elongate or rounded conflorescences, borne on an elongate (rarely short) axis; bracts surrounding base of inflorescence either absent or inconspicuous, not enlarged"	113
2	"Pistil exceeding perianth by 1 mm or more"	3
2	"Pistil as long as or slightly shorter than perianth"	94
3	"Involucral bracts shorter than pistil (of outer flowers in taxa in which inner flowers are shorter than outer ones)"	4
3	"Involucral bracts as long as or exceeding pistil"	81
4	"Pistil crook-shaped, 68–79 mm long; pollen presenter prominent, ovoid; tepals flared widely at apex of basal tube; flowers 12–17 per head (Badgingarra district)"	"Banksia nana"
4	"Pistil straight to curved but not crook-shaped, usually less than 60 mm long; pollen presenter narrowly cylindrical; tepals not flared; flowers 20–250 per head"	5
5	"Receptacle prominently convex; flowers at anthesis forming a circle leaving a central hole"	6
5	"Receptacle gently concave, or flat, or gently convex; flowers ±equally-spaced in head at anthesis"	14
6	"Leaves pinnatipartite, usually with at least some lobes also pinnatipartite; involucral bracts acuminate; perianth loosely hirsute with sticky hairs (between Woodanilling, Cranbrook & Collie)"	"Banksia acuminata"
6	"Leaves simply pinnatipartite; involucral bracts obtuse to shortly acute; perianth villous, hirsute or pubescent with non-sticky hairs"	7
7	"Leaf lobes linear"	8
7	"Leaf lobes oblong or triangular"	9
8	"Leaf lobes not twisted, held vertically (Kojonup to Ongerup, Stirling Ra. & Albany)"	"Banksia arctotidis"
8	"Leaf lobes twisted so that apical half of lobe is ±horizontal (Eneabba to Cataby)"	"Banksia tortifolia"
9	"Leaf lobes oblong or narrowly triangular"	10
9	"Leaf lobes broadly triangular"	11
10	"Plant with underground stems, fire-tolerant; leaf lobes 15–35 each side (Bannister and Wandering to Manjimup)"	"Banksia dallanneyi"
10	"Plant with stems above ground, fire-sensitive; leaf lobes 40–75 each side (Albany to Stirling Ra. & E to Fitzgerald R.)"	"Banksia brunnea"
11	"Plant with above-ground stems, fire-sensitive (Lake Indoon to Nyabing & E to Cape Arid, on the Scott R. plain & E of Busselton)"	"Banksia nivea"
11	"Plant with underground stems, fire-tolerant"	12
12	"Leaf lobes 1–3 mm wide at base, the lower (basal) margin more revolute than the upper, slightly overlapping the lobe below (near Badgingarra)"	"Banksia stenoprion"
12	"Leaf lobes 2–8 mm wide at base, both margins slightly and ±equally recurved to revolute, not overlapping; widespread"	13
13	"Leaves usually markedly convex (lobes recurved towards apex) (W of Arrino to Alexander Morrison Natl Park)"	"Banksia cypholoba"
13	"Leaves not or slightly convex (Geraldton to Cape Naturaliste and E to Corrigin and Traysurin)"	"Banksia dallanneyi"
14	"At least some leaves more than 20 cm long; mostly low shrubs with short stems"	15
14	"Leaves usually less than 20 cm long, in several species some longer"	28
15	"Leaves pinnatipartite usually only in lowest third to half, with subulate lobes, otherwise entire (Pingelly to Tambellup)"	"Banksia subpinnatifida"
15	"Leaves prominently pinnatipartite or pinnatifid throughout"	16
16	"Leaves 4–20 mm wide"	17
16	"Most leaves more than 20 mm wide"	22
17	"Pistil pilose in lower half (Kamballup)"	"Banksia ionthocarpa"
17	"Pistil glabrous except hairs on ovary"	18
18	"Perianth 17–19 mm long; pistil 18–21 mm long; leaf lobes markedly twisted (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia montana"
18	"Perianth lobes more than 20 mm long; pistil more than 25 mm long; leaf lobes not twisted"	19
19	"Leaves with 60–110 lobes each side (near Busselton, Stirling Ra. to Albany)"	"Banksia biterax"
19	"Leaves with fewer than 50 lobes each side"	20
20	"Flowers 150–250 per head (Esperance to Mt Ragged)"	"Banksia prolata"
20	"Flowers fewer than 120 per head"	21
21	"Pistil 42–56 mm long; at least some leaves more than 10 mm wide (Eneabba to Katanning)"	"Banksia nobilis"
21	"Pistil 30–40 mm long; leaves 4–8 mm wide (Tarin Rock, Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia foliosissima"
22	"Leaf lobes linear"	23
22	"Leaf lobes triangular, usually broadly so"	24
23	"Prostrate shrub with lignotuber; involucral bracts to 2 cm long; pistil 38–53 mm long (Badgingarra to Moore R., Perth, Gairdner R. to Cape le Grand)"	"Banksia pteridifolia"
23	"Bushy shrub without lignotuber; involucral bracts 4.5–5.5 cm long; pistil 58–74 mm long (Cadoux to Hyden)"	"Banksia shanklandiorum"
24	"Involucral bracts 30–40 mm long (Newdegate to Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia rufa"
24	"Involucral bracts 25 mm or less long"	25
25	"Leaves less than 25 mm wide (Eneabba to Katanning)"	"Banksia nobilis"
25	"Leaves 25–75 mm wide"	26
26	"Stems with recurved, ovate-oblong tomentose prophylls (near Badgingarra)"	"Banksia catoglypta"
26	"Stems with appressed, lanceolate, villous prophylls"	27
27	"Leaf lobes acute, with margins straight to gently curved; perianth limb 8–11 mm long; flowers 50–85 per head (Nyabing to Hyden)"	"Banksia octotriginta"
27	"Leaf lobes obtuse, with margins prominently curved in to apex; perianth limb 11–14 mm long; flowers 60–100 per head (Mogumber to Bremer Bay)"	"Banksia drummondii"
28	"Leaves pinnatipartite with at least some lobes also pinnatipartite; perianth claws loosely hirsute with sticky hairs (Woodanilling to Cranbrook & Collie)"	"Banksia acuminata"
28	"Leaves simply divided or lobed; perianth hairs not sticky"	29
29	"Pistil c. 15 mm longer than perianth; leaves 3–4 mm wide (Wongan Hills)"	"Banksia bella"
29	"Pistil usually no more than 10 mm longer than perianth, if longer than 15 mm then leaves at least 6 mm wide"	30
30	"Leaf lamina excluding lobes cuneate to obovate, commonly with more than 5 teeth each side"	31
30	"Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear, oblong, lanceolate, elliptic, or narrowly obovate to narrowly cuneate and then with fewer than 5 teeth per side, or pinnatipartite to pinnatisect with large triangular lobes"	36
31	"Leaves white-tomentose below"	32
31	"Leaves glabrous below except pits"	33
32	"Leaves sessile or almost so, commonly more than 25 mm wide; involucral bracts to 12–15 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long (Clackline to Dwellingup)"	"Banksia undata"
32	"Leaves petiolate, 12–22 mm wide; longest involucral bracts to 20–25 mm long; floral bracts 15–17 mm long (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia anatona"
33	"Follicles 6–7 mm long, not indurated; perianth limb glabrous or sparsely hairy"	34
33	"Follicles 9–14 mm long, indurated; perianth limb hairy"	35
34	"Leaves bright green; flowers ±bright yellow (Stirling Ra. to Israelite Bay)"	"Banksia falcata"
34	"Leaves glaucous; flowers pale yellow (Eneabba to Mogumber)"	"Banksia glaucifolia"
35	"Involucral bracts pale; pistil 24–40 mm long; pollen presenter 1–1.3 mm long, pale red; flowers 35–100 per head (Narrogin to Albany & Israelite Bay)"	"Banksia obovata"
35	"Involucral bracts dark brown; pistil 22–26 mm long; pollen presenter 1 mm long, dark brown; flowers 180–190 per head (Gillingarra)"	"Banksia fuscobractea"
36	"Leaf lamina narrowly obovate to narrowly cuneate with no or 1–4 teeth each side"	37
36	"Leaf lamina linear, oblong, lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes narrowly cuneate or narrowly obovate, usually with more than 5 teeth or lobes each side, or pinnatipartite to pinnatisect with large triangular lobes"	38
37	"Heads terminal, conspicuous; pistil 16–23 mm long; perianth creamy-white, often pink-tinged; shrub without lignotuber (Geraldton to Gingin)"	"Banksia carlinoides"
37	"Heads on short branchlet near base of stem, inconspicuous; pistil 30–40 mm long; perianth yellow; many-stemmed shrub with lignotuber (Arrowsmith to Hill R.)"	"Banksia tridentata"
38	"Pistils within head straight or incurved or outcurved"	39
38	"All pistils within head curved downwards or downwards and with the apex upturned"	73
39	"Leaves 2.5–7 cm wide; perianth limb 8–14 mm long"	40
39	"Leaves commonly less than 2.5 cm wide; perianth limb less than 7 mm long"	41
40	"Stems with ±straight lanceolate villous prophylls; perianth limb 8–11 mm long; flowers 50–85 per head (Nyabing to Hyden)"	"Banksia octotriginta"
40	"Stems with recurved, ovate-oblong tomentose prophylls; perianth limb 12–15 mm long; flowers 85–110 per head (near Badgingarra)"	"Banksia catoglypta"
41	"Leaves pinnatisect"	42
41	"Leaves serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite"	43
42	"Pistil 16–19 mm long (New Norcia to Bindoon)"	"Banksia polycephala"
42	"Pistil 28–42 mm long (Kalbarri to Cranbrook)"	"Banksia fraseri"
43	"Leaf lobes linear or lanceolate"	44
43	"Leaf lobes or teeth triangular"	47
44	"Flowers 15–26 per head; stem covered with prophylls (Kulin to Nyabing & E to Forrestania)"	"Banksia erythrocephala"
44	"Flowers 30–120 per head; prophylls few or none on mature stem"	45
45	"Perianth 29–34 mm long; pistil 32–42 mm long; shrub without lignotuber (Stirling Ra. to Munglinup)"	"Banksia cirsioides"
45	"Perianth 20–27 mm long; pistil 22–33 mm long; shrub with lignotuber, usually suckering"	46
46	"Flowers c. 80–100 per head; leaves 40–55 mm wide; sinuses 10–25 mm across (Kulin & L. Magenta to Hyden & Frank Hann Natl Park)"	"Banksia xylothemelia"
46	"Flowers c. 35 per head; leaves 10–25 mm wide; sinuses 3–7 mm across (Kulin to Nyabing)"	"Banksia meganotia"
47	"Flowers orange or pink"	48
47	"Flowers yellow, commonly with deep yellow or golden limb"	51
48	"Perianth 19–23 mm long; shrub to 50 cm (Badgingarra, Mogumber)"	"Banksia serratuloides"
48	"Perianth 25–42 mm long; shrub to 3 or 4 m"	49
49	"Leaves soft; floral bracts glabrous (Busselton to Two Peoples Bay & Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia formosa"
49	"Leaves rather leathery; floral bracts hirsute or villous"	50
50	"Leaves divided more than half way to midrib, usually dark green above; at least some leaf laminas 15–20 cm long; follicles 16–19 mm long (Eneabba to Katanning)"	"Banksia nobilis"
50	"Leaves divided less than half way to midrib, usually bluish green above; leaves never more than 15 cm long; follicles 9–11 mm long (York to Broomehill)"	"Banksia stuposa"
51	"Leaves 3–9 mm wide"	52
51	"Leaves 10–35 mm wide"	59
52	"Pistil loosely hirsute, at least in lower quarter"	53
52	"Pistil glabrous except a few hairs on ovary"	56
53	"Pollen presenter 3–5 mm long; leaf lobe margins flat or equally recurved"	54
53	"Pollen presenter 0.9–1.3 mm long; leaf lobes revolute but the upper margin much less so than the lower"	55
54	"Perianth 25–39 mm long; pistil 28–42 mm long; flowers yellow (widespread, Mt Lesueur to Albany & E to Israelite Bay)"	"Banksia armata"
54	"Perianth 19–23 mm long; pistil 22–29 mm long; flowers pink and greenish cream (rare, Badgingarra, Mogumber)"	"Banksia serratuloides"
55	"Pollen presenter noticeably thicker than apex of style; perianth 12–20 mm long; pistil markedly looped before anthesis (Eneabba to Armadale)"	"Banksia kippistiana"
55	"Pollen presenter scarcely thicker than apex of style; perianth 19–22 mm long; pistil gently bowed before anthesis (Eneabba to Badgingarra)"	"Banksia sclerophylla"
56	"Pistil 37–49 mm long"	57
56	"Pistil 22–31 mm long"	58
57	"Involucral bracts appressed-pubescent, shining brown; leaves with 10–25 teeth each side (Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia corvijuga"
57	"Involucral bracts glabrous at base, plumose above, pale; leaves with 3–8 teeth each side (Pingelly to Woodanilling)"	"Banksia cynaroides"
58	"Pistil 27–31 mm long; perianth limb hirsute (Three Springs to Badgingarra)"	"Banksia strictifolia"
58	"Pistil 22–26 mm long; perianth limb glabrous or with a few basal hairs (New Norcia to Regans Ford and Gingin)"	"Banksia echinata"
59	"At least some leaves 15 cm or more long"	60
59	"Leaves less than 13.5 cm long (juvenile leaves may be longer)"	64
60	"Involucral bracts 40–50 mm long (Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia corvijuga"
60	"Involucral bracts to 30 mm long"	61
61	"Flowers 150–250 per head; involucral bracts 14–30 mm long; perianth limb hairy at least in lower half (Esperance to Mt Ragged)"	"Banksia prolata"
61	"Flowers 35–65 per head; involucral bracts to 12 mm long; perianth limb glabrous"	62
62	"Pistil 29–33 mm long (Wongan Hills)"	"Banksia wonganensis"
62	"Pistil 23–27 mm long"	63
63	"Perianth limb c. 2.5 mm long; involucral bracts pubescent with densely ciliate margins; pollen presenter 1–1.5 mm long (Moora to New Norcia and Cataby)"	"Banksia hewardiana"
63	"Perianth limb 3–4 mm long; involucral bracts glabrous or scurfy, with shortly ciliate margins; pollen presenter 1.8–2 mm long (Three Springs)"	"Banksia trifontinalis"
64	"Leaves with subulate teeth on petiole and base (Woodanilling to Katanning)"	"Banksia acanthopoda"
64	"Leaves without teeth on petiole and base"	65
65	"Perianth limb 10–11 mm long; flowers 15–20 per head (Pingelly to Woodanilling)"	"Banksia cynaroides"
65	"Perianth limb less than 9 mm long; flowers more than 40 per head"	66
66	"Perianth limb 7–8.5 mm long; involucral bracts 30–35 mm long, obtuse (Kalbarri to Three Springs)"	"Banksia borealis"
66	"Perianth limb 2–6.5 mm long; involucral bracts commonly less than 20 mm long, if longer then tomentose"	67
67	"Pistil 45–48 mm long; involucral bracts 22–32 mm long (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia hirta"
67	"Pistil 20–42 mm long; involucral bracts less than 20 mm long"	68
68	"Pistil glabrous"	69
68	"Pistil hirsute in lower quarter to half"	70
69	"Perianth 25–27 mm long; limb hirsute (Kulin to Nyabing & Frank Hann Natl Park)"	"Banksia pallida"
69	"Perianth 17–23 mm long; limb glabrous or almost so (Regans Ford to New Norcia & Gingin)"	"Banksia echinata"
70	"Pollen presenter 0.8–1.5 mm long"	71
70	"Pollen presenter 2.5–6 mm long"	72
71	"Pistil 20–26 mm long; involucral bracts usually recurved; leaf teeth up to 10 each side (Bindoon to Albany; Whicher Ra.)"	"Banksia squarrosa"
71	"Pistil 28–32 mm long; involucral bracts all erect; leaf teeth 1–6 each side (N of Southern Cross)"	"Banksia arborea"
72	"Perianth 25–39 mm long; limb 4–4.5 mm long; floral bracts glabrous (Mt Lesueur to Albany & E to Israelite Bay)"	"Banksia armata"
72	"Perianth 22–24 mm long; limb 4.5–6.5 mm long; floral bracts hirsute at base (Tathra Natl Park to Bendering)"	"Banksia purdieana"
73	"Pistils curved downwards then up"	74
73	"Pistil curved ±evenly downwards, in D. columnaris curved up but then downwards in upper half"	75
74	"Leaf lamina excluding lobes elliptic; involucral bracts silky-villous; floral bracts hirsute both sides (Stirling Ra., Albany)"	"Banksia concinna"
74	"Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear; involucral bracts appressed-pubescent; floral bracts hirsute one side, glabrous the other (Bow R. to Mt Manypeaks)"	"Banksia serra"
75	"Leaf lamina excluding lobes oblong or oblanceolate; lobes obliquely ovate"	76
75	"Leaf lamina excluding lobes linear; lobes linear to narrowly triangular; involucral bracts linear to subulate"	77
76	"Leaf lobes 10–35 each side; involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia foliolata"
76	"Leaf lobes 8–11 each side; involucral bracts linear to subulate (Darling Plateau SE of Perth)"	"Banksia insulanemorecincta"
77	"Leaf lobes strongly twisted (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia montana"
77	"Leaf lobes not twisted"	78
78	"Involucral bracts with glandular as well as non-glandular hairs (Brookton to Narrogin)"	"Banksia columnaris"
78	"Involucral bracts without glandular hairs"	79
79	"Floral bracts 5–6 mm long; pollen presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long (Miling to South Stirling)"	"Banksia densa"
79	"Floral bracts 3.5–4 mm long; pollen presenter 1 mm long"	80
80	"Leaf lobes 10–25 each side; follicles transversely ovate (Eneabba to Mogumber)"	"Banksia platycarpa"
80	"Leaf lobes 2–5 each side; follicles narrowly ovate (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia seneciifolia"
81	"Pistil straight or gently curved outwards or inwards"	82
81	"Pistil curved down, at least in upper half"	91
82	"Involucral bracts 80–90 mm long (near Kulin)"	"Banksia epimicta"
82	"Involucral bracts 30–75 mm long"	83
83	"Involucral bracts broad, obtuse or acute, dark red-brown, often shining"	84
83	"Involucral bracts acute or acuminate, plumose, silky, villous or tomentose, pale to dark brown"	88
84	"Perianth not swollen at apex of basal tube; limb usually 5–7 mm long, occasionally to 7.5 mm"	85
84	"Perianth swollen and succulent at apex of basal tube; limb 7–9 mm long"	86
85	"Pollen presenter 5–5.5 mm long; pistil 35–38 mm long; leaf lobes obtuse (Fitzgerald R. to Israelite Bay)"	"Banksia obtusa"
85	"Pollen presenter 2.8–3 mm long; pistil 27–29 mm long; leaf teeth acute, pungent (Wongan Hills)"	"Banksia comosa"
86	"Leaves pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, rarely almost entire; low or prostrate shrubs (Pingelly to Stirling Ra. & E to Forrestania)"	"Banksia rufa"
86	"Leaves serrate; erect shrubs"	87
87	"Longest involucral bracts 40–50 mm long (Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia corvijuga"
87	"Longest involucral bracts 50–75 mm long (Toodyay to Narrogin)"	"Banksia proteoides"
88	"Leaves cuneate or obovate, serrate (Gairdner R. to Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia heliantha"
88	"Leaves linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite"	89
89	"Perianth 25–30 mm long (Tarin Rock, Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia foliosissima"
89	"Perianth 15–20 mm long"	90
90	"Involucral bracts abruptly narrowed but acute, silky, villous or tomentose; leaf lobes 40–60 each side (Stirling Ra. area)"	"Banksia mucronulata"
90	"Involucral bracts tapering, long-villous; leaf lobes 15–31 each side (Stirling Ra. area)"	"Banksia pseudoplumosa"
91	"Involucral bracts softly plumose, villous or woolly, with longest hairs 3–5 mm long (Stirling Ra. to West Mt Barren)"	"Banksia plumosa"
91	"Involucral bracts pubescent, tomentose, hirsute or silky-villous, with longest hairs less than 2 mm long"	92
92	"Leaves pinnatifid; involucral bracts with glandular hairs (Pingelly)"	"Banksia columnaris"
92	"Leaves serrate or dentate; involucral bracts silky-villous, without glandular hairs"	93
93	"Style yellow with red pollen presenter; pistil 23–31 mm long (Corrigin to Kukerin)"	"Banksia fasciculata"
93	"Style red with green pollen presenter; pistil 18–22 mm long (Woodanilling to Nyabing & Tarin Rock)"	"Banksia rufistylis"
94	"Leaves cuneate to flabelliform, sometimes almost oblong, serrate (Kalbarri to Bremer Bay)"	"Banksia sessilis"
94	"Leaves linear or narrowly cuneate, or deeply divided"	95
95	"Leaves bipinnatipartite (Eneabba to Manjimup)"	"Banksia bipinnatifida"
95	"Leaves serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, sometimes entire"	96
96	"Involucral bracts broad, obtuse, glabrous to appressed-pubescent, dark brown, shining (Darkin to Cape Arid)"	"Banksia tenuis"
96	"Involucral bracts not as above"	97
97	"Leaves entire"	98
97	"Leaves dentate, serrate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite"	99
98	"Leaves subtending inflorescence not or little reduced, pliable; involucral bracts 40–50 mm long, spreading-hirsute; leaf lamina 5–10 cm long; perianth 24–30 mm long; erect, bushy shrub with flowers on upper branches (Tathra Natl Park to Badgingarra; Tammin)"	"Banksia splendida"
98	"Leaves subtending inflorescence short, rigid, pungent; involucral bracts 10–12 mm long, appressed-hirsute; leaf lamina 15–35 cm long; perianth 22–24 mm long; low shrub with flowers almost at ground level (Eneabba to Badgingarra)"	"Banksia subulata"
99	"All or most leaves more than 15 mm wide"	100
99	"All or most leaves less than 15 mm wide"	107
100	"Involucral bracts papery, the outer almost glabrous, the inner rusty-pubescent along midrib, with upper margins cobwebby; flowers red and white (Newdegate)"	"Banksia idiogenes"
100	"Involucral bracts firm, tomentose, silky-villous or villous; flowers various shades of yellow, pink, brown or orange"	101
101	"Pistil 49–52 mm long (Dumbleyung to Lake Grace & Harrismith)"	"Banksia fililoba"
101	"Pistil 31–45 mm long"	102
102	"Longest involucral bracts 9–15 mm long"	103
102	"Longest involucral bracts 20–42 mm long"	104
103	"Leaf lobes triangular; stems with scattered prophylls (Tenterden to Albany and Wellstead)"	"Banksia calophylla"
103	"Leaf lobes linear; stems covered with prophylls (Woodanilling)"	"Banksia lepidorhiza"
104	"Bushy shrub with erect stems; perianth limb 13–15 mm long (Stirling Ra. to Lort R.)"	"Banksia alliacea"
104	"Shrub with prostrate, usually underground stems; perianth limb 8–13 mm long"	105
105	"Leaves 50–130 mm wide (Stirling Ra.)"	"Banksia pellaeifolia"
105	"Leaves 20–45 mm wide"	106
106	"Flowers 20–30 per head; perianth tomentose above base, golden; pistil 37–40 mm long; leaf lobes 30–40 each side (Woodanilling to Ongerup & Mount Barker)"	"Banksia porrecta"
106	"Flowers c. 80 per head; perianth villous above base, orange-pink; pistil 33–36 mm long; leaf lobes 18–28 each side (E of Mundaring Weir)"	"Banksia aurantia"
107	"Leaves with 15–75 teeth each side (usually more than 20)"	108
107	"Leaves with 2–12 teeth each side"	110
108	"Involucral bracts to 60 mm long, viscid; pistil 54–55 mm long (E of Hyden)"	"Banksia viscida"
108	"Involucral bracts 15–40 mm long, not viscid; pistil 24–35 mm long"	109
109	"Shrub with above-ground stems to 70 cm tall; involucral bracts 30–40 mm long; perianth cream and dull purple (Geraldton to Gingin)"	"Banksia shuttleworthiana"
109	"Shrub with underground stems; involucral bracts to 22 mm long; perianth yellow (Mogumber, Perth, Whicher Ra.)"	"Banksia mimica"
110	"Pistil 37–49 mm long; pollen presenter 6–7 mm long (Pingelly to Woodanilling)"	"Banksia cynaroides"
110	"Pistil 22–36 mm long; pollen presenter 3–4 mm long"	111
111	"Flowers 15–26 per head (Kulin to Nyabing & E to Forrestania)"	"Banksia erythrocephala"
111	"Flowers 30–60 per head"	112
112	"Leaves narrowly linear with revolute margins; branchlets hirsute (Tammin to Corrigin & Narembeen)"	"Banksia horrida"
112	"Leaves broadly linear with recurved margins; branchlets tomentose (Eneabba to Lake Grace)"	"Banksia vestita"
113	"Style after anthesis hooked just below apex"	114
113	"Style remaining straight or gently curved, occasionally S-shaped below apex but pollen presenter always erect"	137
114	"Inflorescence cylindrical; axis 6–20 cm long"	115
114	"Inflorescence spherical or ovoid; axis 2–6 cm long"	124
115	"Leaves pinnatipartite"	"Banksia brownii"
115	"Leaves entire or dentate"	116
116	"Leaves narrowly linear with revolute margins, entire or shortly dentate towards apex"	117
116	"Leaves broadly linear, oblong or narrowly elliptic with flat to recurved margins"	120
117	"Leaves 9–20 mm long"	"Banksia ericifolia"
117	"Leaves 3–13 cm long"	118
118	"Leaves entire except an obtuse tooth each side of apical mucro; flowers soon falling; follicles 8–16 mm high"	"Banksia tricuspis"
118	"Leaves usually spinulose to serrate or dentate at least along upper margins; flowers persistent or soon falling; follicles 3–7 mm high"	119
119	"Leaves alternate; perianth 23–29 mm long; follicles flattened or rounded along suture (eastern Australia)"	"Banksia spinulosa"
119	"Leaves in whorls; perianth 13–18 mm long; follicles ±acute along suture (W.A.)"	"Banksia occidentalis"
120	"Leaves elliptic, entire, leathery"	"Banksia verticillata"
120	"Leaves linear or oblong, usually dentate to some extent, not leathery"	121
121	"Leaves linear with recurved margins"	122
121	"Leaves broadly linear to oblong, with recurved or almost flat margins"	123
122	"Leaves 10–23 cm long; perianth 25–27 mm long; style yellow"	"Banksia littoralis"
122	"Leaves 4–13 cm long; perianth 17–18 mm long; style metallic red"	"Banksia occidentalis"
123	"Perianth limb pubescent (eastern Australia)"	"Banksia spinulosa"
123	"Perianth limb glabrous (W.A.)"	"Banksia seminuda"
124	"Leaves with many triangular lobes; pistil 14–15 mm long"	"Banksia dryandroides"
124	"Leaves entire; pistil more than 16 mm long"	125
125	"Flowers opening from base of spike upwards; inflorescence pendulous"	"Banksia nutans"
125	"Flowers opening from apex of spike downwards; inflorescence erect"	126
126	"Leaves pubescent above, becoming scabrid"	"Banksia scabrella"
126	"Leaves smooth when mature"	127
127	"Perianth glabrous inside"	128
127	"Perianth hairy inside"	131
128	"Perianth 17–25 mm long; pollen presenter ovoid"	129
128	"Perianth 7–10 mm long; pollen presenter turbinate"	130
129	"Leaves 1.5–2 mm wide; perianth limb mostly glabrous; follicles wide, ±flattened across top"	"Banksia incana"
129	"Leaves c. 0.8 mm wide; perianth limb pubescent all over; follicle valves with an enlarged, thin vertical ridge"	"Banksia laricina"
130	"Stems sparsely hirsute, soon glabrous; perianths soon falling"	"Banksia pulchella"
130	"Stems tomentose; perianths persistent for some years"	"Banksia meisneri"
131	"Perianth 17–27 mm long"	132
131	"Perianth 30–55 mm long"	134
132	"Common bracts 7–8 mm long; perianth limb 4 mm long; follicles 4–7 mm wide, hirsute"	"Banksia telmatiaea"
132	"Common bracts 2.5–4 mm long; perianth limb 2–3 mm long; follicles 8–23 mm wide, ±flattened, closely pubescent becoming glabrous"	133
133	"Flowers pale yellow, the uppermost sometimes purplish; limb almost glabrous; follicles not sticky"	"Banksia micrantha"
133	"All flowers violet, sometimes green at base, rarely yellowish; limb pubescent; follicles ±sticky, at least when young"	"Banksia violacea"
134	"Common and floral bracts white; new growth reddish pink"	"Banksia lanata"
134	"Common and floral bracts rusty brown; new growth rusty brown"	135
135	"Leaves commonly 1.8–2.8 mm wide"	"Banksia grossa"
135	"Leaves 1–1.5 mm wide (rarely wider)"	136
136	"Branchlets tomentose; leaves soft; common bracts 7–10 mm long; follicles commonly 6–10 mm long, with valves smooth but hirsute; lignotuber absent"	"Banksia leptophylla"
136	"Branchlets pubescent, soon glabrous; leaves ±stiff, pungent; common bracts 6–7 mm long; follicles 10–25 mm wide, with lateral shoulders, hirsute, glabrescent; lignotuber present"	"Banksia sphaerocarpa"
137	"Inflorescence head-like, the axis compressed-ovoid, 5–30 mm long"	138
137	"Inflorescence cylindrical or spherical, the axis elongate, usually more than 3 cm long"	141
138	"Leaves broadly linear, with many triangular dentate teeth, dull blue-green"	"Banksia elegans"
138	"Leaves obovate to cuneate, acutely dentate, deep green above"	139
139	"Leaves 3–10 cm long; pistil 27–35 mm long"	"Banksia ilicifolia"
139	"Leaves 1–4 cm long; pistil 19–25 mm long"	140
140	"Leaves shining green above; flowers 20–35 per head"	"Banksia oligantha"
140	"Leaves dull green above; flowers 55–65 per head"	"Banksia cuneata"
141	"Tepals awned"	142
141	"Tepals not awned"	144
142	"Perianth 58–65 mm long; style kinked below apex"	"Banksia baueri"
142	"Perianth 20–29 mm long; style not kinked"	143
143	"Perianth ferruginous; leaves ±regularly prominently serrate, undulate; follicles 4–6 mm wide"	"Banksia quercifolia"
143	"Perianth pale mauve to pink; leaves entire to sparsely serrate, ±flat; follicles 10–18 mm wide"	"Banksia oreophila"
144	"Style prominently S-shaped below apex"	"Banksia sceptrum"
144	"Style straight or gently curved"	145
145	"Stems prostrate, rarely erect and then no more than 20 cm long"	146
145	"Stems erect or spreading, never all prostrate"	152
146	"Leaves dentate"	147
146	"Leaves pinnatipartite"	149
147	"Mature leaves white-tomentose below; perianth pink or reddish with cream limb"	"Banksia petiolaris"
147	"Mature leaves glabrous below except in stomatal pits; perianth ferruginous"	148
148	"Leaf teeth usually irregular; involucral bracts 2–4 cm long, long-hirsute"	"Banksia goodii"
148	"Leaf teeth regular; involucral bracts 1–3 cm long, tomentose or shortly hirsute"	"Banksia gardneri"
149	"Stems underground; leaf lobes ±cuneate, obtusely dentate"	"Banksia repens"
149	"Stems on surface, rarely underground; leaf lobes triangular, oblong or linear, entire"	150
150	"Leaves bluish green; perianth 28–32 mm long, reddish pink; claws loosely pubescent with short curled hairs"	"Banksia blechnifolia"
150	"Leaves deep or pale green; perianth 17–30 mm long, ferruginous, or cream and pink; claws hirsute with spreading hairs"	151
151	"Leaves divided 1/2–3/4 of way to midrib; lobes 1–3 cm long (W.A., Collie to Ravensthorpe)"	"Banksia gardneri"
151	"Leaves divided almost to midrib; lobes 3–8 cm long (W.A., Mogumber to Eneabba)"	"Banksia chamaephyton"
152	"Perianth glabrous"	153
152	"Perianth hairy at least on claws"	158
153	"Inflorescence pendulous"	154
153	"Inflorescence erect"	156
154	"Leaf lobes ±obtuse, 1–3 mm long"	"Banksia lemanniana"
154	"Leaf lobes pungently acute, 4–10 mm long"	155
155	"Leaf margins ±recurved, with lobes 4–6 mm long with rounded sinuses; perianth deep pink to red in upper half"	"Banksia caleyi"
155	"Leaf margins ±flat, with lobes 5–10 mm long with angular sinuses; perianth reddish pink in lower half, grading to cream, including limb"	"Banksia aculeata"
156	"Leaves cuneate, 2–6 cm long, with a few obtuse teeth; perianth red-maroon where exposed, otherwise pale greenish yellow"	"Banksia praemorsa"
156	"Leaves broadly linear, 6–10 cm long, with many teeth; perianth yellow"	157
157	"Perianth 15–22 mm long; styles curled against axis after flowering"	"Banksia attenuata"
157	"Perianth 35–43 mm long; styles remaining erect from axis, wiry"	"Banksia lindleyana"
158	"Style hairy at least in lowest third"	159
158	"Style glabrous or papillose (excluding any hairs on ovary)"	163
159	"Pistil 23–35 mm long"	160
159	"Pistil 40–50 mm long"	162
160	"Inflorescence pendulous"	"Banksia elderiana"
160	"Inflorescence erect"	161
161	"Perianth pubescent outside, glabrous inside; follicles smooth, 2.5–5 cm high; leaves 15–40 cm long with flat margins"	"Banksia candolleana"
161	"Perianth hirsute both sides; follicles warted, 15–20 mm high; leaves 5–16 cm long with recurved margins"	"Banksia pilostylis"
162	"Leaves with 4–7 lobes each side of midrib; margins flat"	"Banksia baxteri"
162	"Leaves with 15–30 lobes each side of midrib; margins recurved"	"Banksia speciosa"
163	"Leaves 4–10 cm wide, rarely narrower"	164
163	"Leaves commonly less than 3 cm wide"	169
164	"Leaves shortly dentate with many teeth"	165
164	"Leaves with large, triangular lobes"	167
165	"Leaves broadly oblong, cordate or obcordate, 3–9 cm long; perianth 30–32 mm long, villous outside; style scarlet, rarely orange or dark red; follicles 1–2 mm high"	"Banksia coccinea"
165	"Leaves narrowly obovate or elliptic, 9–30 cm long; perianth 22–32 mm long, closely pubescent; style yellow or cream; follicles 3–8 mm high"	166
166	"Leaves undulate, white-tomentose below, with teeth ±irregular and 5–10 mm long; follicles opening within a year; (northern Australia)"	"Banksia dentata"
166	"Leaves ±flat, pale green-tomentose below, with teeth ±regular and 2–3 mm long; follicles remaining closed for several years or until burnt (Atherton to Wollongong)"	"Banksia robur"
167	"Leaf lobes rounded; perianth brownish purple"	"Banksia solandri"
167	"Leaf lobes angular; perianth pale yellow or orange"	168
168	"Leaves 3–11 cm wide, pinnatisect with 8–12 lobes each side; perianth pale yellow; limb glabrous; follicles scarcely exserted from massive cone; old flowers soon falling"	"Banksia grandis"
168	"Leaves 2.5–4 cm wide, pinnatipartite with 16–20 lobes each side; perianth orange, tomentose throughout; follicles exserted from axis but hidden by persistent old flowers"	"Banksia victoriae"
169	"Perianth white- or pink-villous, orange inside; style orange"	170
169	"Perianth pubescent, silky or hirsute, or if villous then not white or pink; style variously coloured"	173
170	"Leaves dentate, with teeth 1–2 mm long"	"Banksia burdettii"
170	"Leaves triangular-lobed, with lobes 2–15 mm long"	171
171	"Leaves ascending, 6–16 cm long, 5–12 mm wide"	"Banksia hookeriana"
171	"Leaves spreading, 15–27 cm long, 10–40 mm wide"	172
172	"Leaf lobes 2–5 mm long; new leaves and involucral bracts pubescent to hirsute; old flowers soon falling"	"Banksia prionotes"
172	"Leaf lobes 10–15 mm long; new leaves and involucral bracts woolly; old flowers persistent in fruit"	"Banksia victoriae"
173	"Leaves usually entire"	174
173	"Leaves usually serrate or lobed"	180
174	"Leaves alternate"	175
174	"Leaves whorled"	178
175	"Leaves pungent, 2–5 cm long; follicles villous, glabrescent, most remaining closed for several years"	"Banksia canei"
175	"Leaves acute to truncate or emarginate, 1.5–20 cm long; follicles closely tomentose or loosely hirsute, commonly opening when mature"	176
176	"Leaves linear, oblong or narrowly cuneate, 3–6 cm long, commonly truncate or emarginate, sometimes obtuse, rarely acute; perianth 16–24 mm long (S.A., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)"	"Banksia marginata"
176	"Leaves narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate or lanceolate, 10–20 cm long, acute or obtuse; perianth 22–29 mm long (Qld)"	177
177	"New growth pale rusty-pubescent; leaves with a row of short, stiff brown hairs each side of abaxial midrib; flowers pale yellow; follicles erect, 8–12 mm long (Townsville to Cooktown)"	"Banksia aquilonia"
177	"New growth red-velvety; leaves without short, stiff brown hairs each side of abaxial midrib; flowers commonly pale blue-grey to mauve in late bud, dull yellow after anthesis; follicles turned upwards, 12–16 mm long (Hinchinbrook Is. and adjacent mainland)"	"Banksia plagiocarpa"
178	"Involucral bracts 10–20 mm long; perianths persistent in fruit (south-eastern Qld and adjacent N.S.W.)"	"Banksia conferta"
178	"Involucral bracts 2–10 mm long; perianths soon falling"	179
179	"Perianth 19–22 mm long; follicles remaining closed for several years, with lip 2–3 mm wide (Vic., The Grampians and Wilsons Promontory)"	"Banksia saxicola"
179	"Perianth 22–25 mm long; follicles opening within a year or so of anthesis, with lip 0.5–1.5 mm wide (widespread, eastern Australia from Mackay to Melbourne)"	"Banksia integrifolia"
180	"Flowers orange"	181
180	"Flowers other colours, not orange"	183
181	"Leaves 2–7 cm long; perianth limb densely hirsute"	"Banksia audax"
181	"Leaves 10–30 cm long; perianth limb pubescent"	182
182	"Leaves 5–10 mm wide; lobes separated by shallow sinuses parallel to midrib; perianth pubescent outside, 20–24 mm long (W.A., Mullewa to Kulja)"	"Banksia benthamiana"
182	"Leaves 20–40 mm wide; lobes triangular with V- or U-shaped sinuses; perianth 26–34 mm long (North West Cape to Mullewa)"	"Banksia ashbyi"
183	"Perianth 29–45 mm long"	184
183	"Perianth 15–26 mm long"	191
184	"Perianth limb glabrous; follicles ±rugose"	185
184	"Perianth limb pubescent, silky, hirsute or tomentose; follicles not rugose"	187
185	"Inflorescence ±spherical; pistil straight; old flowers falling; follicles rare"	"Banksia elegans"
185	"Inflorescence cylindrical; pistil curved; old flowers persistent; follicles many"	186
186	"Perianth 32–38 mm long; limb 3–4 mm long; pollen presenter c. 0.75 mm long; common and floral bracts brown"	"Banksia media"
186	"Perianth 40–44 mm long; limb 4.5–5.5 mm long; pollen presenter 1.5–1.8 mm long; common and floral bracts green"	"Banksia epica"
187	"At least some leaves more than 25 cm long, with widely spaced teeth (S & E of Southern Cross)"	"Banksia lullfitzii"
187	"Leaves not or rarely more than 20 cm long, with closely spaced teeth"	188
188	"Leaves oblong, shallowly dentate; flowers various shades of red or pink, sometimes yellow or brown, soon falling; follicles mottled (W.A.)"	"Banksia menziesii"
188	"Leaves narrowly elliptic to obovate, serrate; flowers creamy grey or greenish cream, persistent; follicles not mottled (eastern Australia)"	189
189	"Most leaves 3–10 cm long; perianth 30–35 mm long including limb of 3–4 mm (S.A., western Vic.)"	"Banksia ornata"
189	"Leaves commonly 10–20 cm long; perianth 35–45 mm long including limb of 5–8 mm (south-eastern Qld to eastern Vic.)"	190
190	"Leaves commonly 2–4 cm wide; pollen presenter fusiform with thickened base, 2–3 mm long"	"Banksia serrata"
190	"Leaves commonly 1–2 cm wide; pollen presenter clavate-conical, 1 mm long"	"Banksia aemula"
191	"Leaf margins ±flat; inflorescence spherical (W.A.)"	"Banksia laevigata"
191	"Leaf margins recurved; inflorescence cylindrical (eastern Australia; B. canei rarely naturalised in W.A.)"	192
192	"Leaves obovate, narrowly obovate, oblong, elliptic or lanceolate"	193
192	"Leaves linear to narrowly oblong"	196
193	"Flowers openly arranged in inflorescence; perianth 15–18 mm long"	"Banksia paludosa"
193	"Flowers closely arranged in inflorescence; perianth 20–26 mm long"	194
194	"Leaves whorled; branchlets villous, glabrescent within a year; common bracts penicillate (Blue Mtns)"	"Banksia conferta"
194	"Leaves alternate; branchlets remaining closely tomentose for 2–3 years; common bracts not penicillate"	195
195	"Leaves lanceolate to narrowly obovate, coarsely lobed to entire; follicles upturned; valves obliquely triangular (Qld, Hinchinbrook Is. and adjacent mainland)"	"Banksia plagiocarpa"
195	"Leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, commonly all finely serrate; follicles erect; valves semicircular (Bundaberg, Qld, to Ulladulla, N.S.W.)"	"Banksia oblongifolia"
196	"Leaves pungent; perianths soon falling; most follicles remaining closed for several years"	"Banksia canei"
196	"Leaves truncate to acute; perianths commonly persistent; follicles usually opening within a year of anthesis"	"Banksia marginata"