1	"Style 3-fid; nut more or less trigonous."	2
1	"Style 2-fid; nut lenticular, biconvex, plano- or concavo-convex."	101
2	"Dwarf annuals smelling of fenugreek (at least when dried)."	3
2	"Annuals or perennials but not smelling of fenugreek."	4
3	"Spikelets flattened, with glumes arranged distichously; nut a third to half as long as glume."	"Cyperus squarrosus"
3	"Spikelets more or less angular, with glumes arranged spirally; nut about two-thirds as long as glume."	"Cyperus hamulosus"
4	"Spikelets with 4 or more flowers, flattened and with glumes overlapping at least a quarter the length of the glume immediately above on the same side of the rachilla and often spreading widely (at least at maturity)."	5
4	"Spikelets 1–3-flowered, or up to 16-flowered but then terete and with glumes remote (i.e. with glumes not or scarcely overlapping the glume immediately above on the same side of the rachilla) and closely appressed to rachilla."	91
5	"Spikelets arranged spicately on the rachis of the ultimate branches of the inflorescence, in very short to elongated spikes."	6
5	"Spikelets digitately or subdigitately clustered, in clusters sometimes dense on a much reduced rachis, sometimes very few in number or solitary and then often appearing lateral when the lowest bract is erect."	35
6	"Culms 2–5 m high; inflorescence with 100–250 primary branches of similar length."	"Cyperus papyrus"
6	"Culms less than 2 m high; inflorescence with fewer than 15 primary branches, usually of varying length."	7
7	"Rachilla of the spikelet distinctly winged, the wings sometimes falling later."	8
7	"Rachilla not winged or with very narrow wings."	25
8	"Involucral bracts (and associated branches) distinctly separated on axis from neighbouring bracts by up to 3 mm; perennial producing numerous globose, bulb-like tubers with deciduous stiff, smooth, shining, blackish coats."	"Cyperus bulbosus"
8	"Involucral bracts and branches inserted very closely together; perennials, rarely producing tubers and these grey-brown, oblong or ellipsoid or globose, with more or less persistent fibrous, dull, yellow-brown to grey-brown coats."	9
9	"Spikelets less than 20 per spike."	10
9	"Spikelets usually more than 20 per spike, numerous to very numerous."	19
10	"Spikelets more than 1.5 mm wide in side view, more or less flattened; plants mostly with tuber-bearing rhizomes."	11
10	"Spikelets 1–1.5 mm diam., flattened to terete; rhizome, if present, not tuber-bearing."	18
11	"Perennials with short rhizome not tuber-bearing; glumes pale red-brown with broad white or yellowish margins or yellow-brown to dark golden brown or straw-coloured tinged red-brown; spikelets suberect or spreading in loose hemispherical to globose clusters."	12
11	"Perennials with slender, creeping rhizomes producing fibrous-coated tubers 5–10 mm diam.; glumes orange-brown to dark red-brown or yellow-brown, with narrow hyaline or whitish margins; spikelets spreading in short, broad-cylindrical spikes."	15
12	"Glumes pale red-brown with broad white or yellowish margins; spikelets suberect and held close to rachis in long, narrow-cylindrical spikes."	"Cyperus nutans"
12	"Glumes yellow-brown to dark golden brown or straw-coloured tinged red-brown; spikelets spreading in loose hemispherical to globose clusters."	13
13	"Spikelets 1.2–2 mm wide in side view; inflorescence compound; nut very narrow-ellipsoid."	"Cyperus betchei"
13	"Spikelets 2–4.5 mm wide in side view; inflorescence usually simple; nut obovoid to broad-ellipsoid."	14
14	"Nut grey to black; glumes with excurved mucro 0.3–0.8 mm long."	"Cyperus clarus"
14	"Nut yellow-brown; glumes with straight mucro 0.1–0.3 mm long."	"Cyperus fulvus"
15	"Culms terete below, trigonous near the apex; leaves rarely half as long as culms; lowest involucral bract erect, very much exceeding the inflorescence, usually pushing it to one side; nut when mature 2–3 times as long as broad; freely fruiting."	"Cyperus victoriensis"
15	"Culms trigonous throughout their length; leaves mostly a half to three-quarters as long as culms; inflorescence symmetrical; nut either c. 1.5 times as long as broad or rarely maturing."	16
16	"Rachis of spikes often spinulose; spikelets 5–12 mm long, obtuse; glumes yellow to dark golden brown, 3–5-nerved on each side, very obtuse; tubers globose to ovoid, with grey tomentum at maturity; rhizomes yellow-brown."	"Cyperus esculentus"
16	"Rachis of spikes usually not spinulose (occasionally sparsely so); spikelets 10–30 mm long, acute or obtuse; glumes red-brown to dark red-brown, with up to 3 nerves on each side, obtuse or acute; tubers more or less ellipsoid, without tomentum; rhizomes purplish to dark brown."	17
17	"Lowest involucral bract shorter or not much longer than the inflorescence; spikelets c. 2 mm wide when mature; glumes usually dark red-brown, obtuse; the midrib faintly curved and recurved in side view from base to apex; fruit rarely maturing; fibrous coats of tubers soon disintegrating, not usually persisting beyond the first year."	"Cyperus rotundus"
17	"Lowest bract much exceeding the inflorescence; spikelets 2.5–3 mm wide in side view when mature; glumes various shades of brown, rarely very dark, acute; midrib straight in side view from immediately above the base to the apex; nut c. 1.5 times as long as broad, obovate to elliptic-obovate; freely fruiting; fibrous coats of tubers often persisting into the second year."	"Cyperus bifax"
18	"Inflorescence compound; glumes yellow-brown; nut 1.9–2.2 mm long, nearly as long as glume."	"Cyperus betchei"
18	"Inflorescence simple; glumes red-brown or greenish tinged red-brown; nut 1.2–1.7 mm long, about half as long as glume."	"Cyperus subulatus"
19	"Glumes 1–1.5 mm long."	"Cyperus exaltatus"
19	"Glumes 2–6.5 mm long."	20
20	"Leaves and bracts septate-nodulose (often only obvious when dried)."	21
20	"Leaves not septate-nodulose."	23
21	"Terminal spikes hemispherical to globose, usually dense, 1–2 cm wide in side view; glumes 2–2.5(–3) mm long."	"Cyperus gunnii"
21	"Terminal spikes cylindrical or ovate-cylindrical, laterals smaller, divergent or deflexed."	22
22	"Glumes 4–6.5 mm long, red-brown; spikelets 4–10-flowered."	"Cyperus lucidus"
22	"Glumes 2.5–4 mm long, pale brown; spikelets 2–5-flowered."	"Cyperus vorsteri"
23	"Spikelets 10–28 mm long, 8–24-flowered; tufted perennial, often apparently annual, often without any rhizome."	"Cyperus congestus"
23	"Spikelets 6–15 mm long, 7–14-flowered; rhizomatous perennial; rhizome short and thick."	24
24	"Glumes pale red-brown, with midrib green, 2–2.5 mm long; spikelets suberect, 1.5–2.0 mm wide in side view."	"Cyperus nutans"
24	"Glumes whitish to pale brown on the sides, 3–3.5 mm long; spikelets spreading, 2–2.5 mm wide in side view."	"Cyperus rigens"
25	"Glumes obtuse in side view but sometimes apparently acute because of the presence of a short mucro."	26
25	"Glumes more or less acute in side view."	29
26	"Glumes 1–2 mm long; spikelets flattened; tufted annual."	"Cyperus iria"
26	"Glumes 2–3.5 mm long; spikelets flattened or terete; rhizomatous perennials."	27
27	"Glumes with broad whitish margins above; bracts and leaves not septate-nodulose, thin-textured; spikes broad-ovoid, loose."	"Cyperus procerus"
27	"Glumes without broad whitish margins, short-mucronate; bracts and leaves septate-nodulose in the dried state, thick-textured; spikes rather dense."	28
28	"Nut red-brown, minutely tuberculate; leaves to 12 mm wide."	"Cyperus alterniflorus"
28	"Nut yellow-brown, smooth to colliculate; leaves to 7 mm wide."	"Cyperus gunnii"
29	"Rachis minutely and densely hispid."	"Cyperus pilosus"
29	"Rachis not hispid."	30
30	"Glumes white to dark golden brown or straw-coloured tinged red-brown."	31
30	"Glumes red-brown."	34
31	"Glumes with excurved mucro 0.3–1 mm long."	32
31	"Glumes without mucro, or mucro straight and no more than 0.3 mm long."	33
32	"Nut less than half as long as glume; annual with thin-textured leaves and bracts, not septate-nodulose."	"Cyperus compressus"
32	"Nut at least half as long as glume; slender perennial with tough-textured leaves and bracts, often obviously septate-nodulose when dried."	"Cyperus clarus"
33	"Nut yellow-brown, nearly as long as glume; glumes 2–3 mm long; leaves and bracts tough-textured, often obviously septate-nodulose when dried."	"Cyperus fulvus"
33	"Nut dark red-brown, less than half as long as glume; glumes 3–3.5 mm long; leaves and bracts thin-textured, not septate-nodulose."	"Cyperus rigens"
34	"Leaves and bracts tough-textured, flat or folded, margins and midribs scabrous; lowest involucral bract suberect; rhizomatous perennial with solitary culms."	"Cyperus lhotskyanus"
34	"Leaves and bracts thin-textured, flat or with revolute margins; lowest involucral bracts spreading; tufted perennial, often apparently annual and without a rhizome."	"Cyperus congestus"
35	"Involucral bracts 6–22 exceeding inflorescence (rarely only as long as inflorescence)."	36
35	"Involucral bracts 1–5 exceeding inflorescence."	43
36	"Leaves all or mostly reduced to sheaths."	37
36	"Leaves with well-developed blade."	39
37	"Involucral bracts 12–22 exceeding inflorescence; glumes c. 2 mm long."	"Cyperus involucratus"
37	"Involucral bracts 6–9 exceeding or as long as inflorescence; glumes 1–2.5 mm long."	38
38	"Glumes 2–2.5 mm long."	"Cyperus vaginatus"
38	"Glumes 1–1.3 mm long."	"Cyperus filipes"
39	"Inflorescence with few (1–9, rarely to 15 in Cyperus vaginatus) spikelets per loose cluster."	40
39	"Inflorescence with numerous spikelets per dense globose cluster."	42
40	"Leaves with 2 prominent, whitish (at least when dried) lateral veins; glumes straw-coloured to pale brown, 1–1.5 mm long; rachilla winged; leaf sheaths purplish red at base."	"Cyperus albostriatus"
40	"Leaves with only midvein prominent; glumes red-brown to blackish; rachilla not winged; leaf sheaths purplish red or pale yellow-brown at base."	41
41	"Nut ellipsoid; leaf sheaths purplish red at base; glumes very dark red-brown to blackish, 1.5–2 mm long."	"Cyperus tetraphyllus"
41	"Nut ovoid; leaf sheaths pale yellow-brown at base; glumes red-brown, 3–3.5 mm long."	"Cyperus rupicola"
42	"Inflorescence with numerous branches; culms 25–90 cm high."	"Cyperus eragrostis"
42	"Inflorescence head-like; culms 1–20 cm high."	"Cyperus pygmaeus"
43	"Leaves all or mostly reduced to sheaths."	44
43	"Leaves with well-developed blade."	46
44	"Culms and involucral bracts soft-textured; culms triquetrous."	"Cyperus haspan"
44	"Culms and involucral bracts firm to rigid; culms terete to trigonous."	45
45	"Involucral bracts mostly 5–8 in number, always more than 5 cm and up to 15 cm long, flat, firm-textured, not pungent; inflorescence simple to compound with 4–12 branches to 6 cm long, bearing hemispherical clusters of spikelets, or occasionally loosely head-like."	"Cyperus vaginatus"
45	"Involucral bracts 2–4, usually less than 5 cm long, very rigid and pungent with incurved margins; inflorescence head-like or with 1–3 short branches to 2 cm long, bearing globose clusters of spikelets."	"Cyperus gymnocaulos"
46	"Nut trabeculate and striate."	"Cyperus mirus"
46	"Nut smooth or minutely roughened."	47
47	"Glumes less than 2 mm long (excluding any long mucro)."	48
47	"Glumes 2 mm or more long (excluding any long mucro)."	69
48	"Glumes with sides evenly red-brown to dark red-brown or blackish (midribs mostly green)."	49
48	"Glumes uniformly green or with sides hyaline, white, pale brown, yellow or golden brown, occasionally with a red-brown patch (midribs mostly green)."	57
49	"Rachilla winged."	"Cyperus rigidellus"
49	"Rachilla not winged."	50
50	"Spikelets numerous in the dense globose clusters."	51
50	"Spikelets few (1–12) in the loose, ovoid to hemispherical clusters."	53
51	"Glumes 0.6–0.9 mm long."	"Cyperus difformis"
51	"Glumes at least 1.0 mm long."	52
52	"Glumes 1.5–2 mm long."	"Cyperus reflexus"
52	"Glumes 1.0–1.4 mm long."	"Cyperus castaneus"
53	Annual.	"Cyperus castaneus"
53	Perennial.	54
54	"Glumes red-brown."	"Cyperus haspan"
54	"Glumes dark red-brown to blackish."	55
55	"Inflorescence compound; nut c. 0.5 mm long, less than half as long as glume."	"Cyperus concinnus"
55	"Inflorescence simple; nut 1.3–1.5 mm long, nearly as long as glume."	56
56	"Glumes acute, dorsally straight in side view."	"Cyperus disjunctus"
56	"Glumes obtuse, shortly mucronate, dorsally strongly curved in side view."	"Cyperus tetraphyllus"
57	"Inflorescence compound to decompound with numerous clusters of spikelets; glumes evenly yellow to golden brown; leaves strongly septate-nodulose, thick-textured; robust perennial."	"Cyperus dactylotes"
57	"Inflorescence simple with 1–8 clusters of spikelets; glumes not evenly yellow to golden brown (occasionally with yellowish patches); leaves not or rarely slightly septate-nodulose but then thin-textured; slender perennials or annuals."	58
58	"Glumes with 2–5 nerves on each side."	59
58	"Glumes with 1 nerve or no nerves on each side."	63
59	"Involucral bract 1, erect; inflorescence of 1–4 spikelets; dwarf annual."	"Isolepis levynsiana"
59	"Involucral bracts 2–4, erect to spreading; inflorescence with 1–25 spikelets; small perennials or annuals."	60
60	"Spikelets 2.5–4 mm wide in side view; nut pale brown."	"Cyperus rigidellus"
60	"Spikelets 2–2.5 mm wide in side view; nut dark brown."	61
61	"Glumes strongly excurved; inflorescence of 1–5 spikelets."	"Cyperus sculptus"
61	"Glumes dorsally slightly incurved in side view to slightly excurved; inflorescence of 12–25 spikelets."	62
62	"Nut broad-obpyriform to broad-obovoid, with globose bulge near base of persistent style base."	"Cyperus enervis"
62	"Nut ellipsoid to broad-ellipsoid, without persistent dilated style base."	"Cyperus eglobosus"
63	"Keel of glumes a broad band about as wide as thinner-textured side of glume."	64
63	"Keel of glumes a narrow band, much narrower than sides of glume."	67
64	"Tufted annuals; midrib of glumes with larger, more isodiametric cell outlines than on sides."	65
64	"Perennials, shortly rhizomatous, often with fibrous remains of leaf sheaths at base; midrib and sides of glumes with similar cell outlines."	66
65	"Spikelets 2–2.5 mm wide in side view; glumes 1–1.5 mm long."	"Cyperus flaccidus"
65	"Spikelets c. 3 mm wide in side view; glumes 1.5–2 mm long."	"Cyperus aquatilis"
66	"Glumes c. 1.5 mm long, longer than broad; stamens 3."	"Cyperus trinervis"
66	"Glumes 1–1.3 mm long, about as long as broad; stamens 2."	"Cyperus stradbrokensis"
67	"Glumes strongly curved dorsally in side view, with excurved apex, 1.5–1.7 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide in side view; inflorescence usually with 1–4 short branches."	"Cyperus imbecillis"
67	"Glumes more or less straight dorsally from shortly above base in side view, 1.7–2 mm long, 0.7–1 mm wide in side view; inflorescence usually a single sessile cluster of spikelets (rarely with 1 or 2 very short branches)."	68
68	"Involucral bract 1 longer than inflorescence."	"Cyperus laevis"
68	"Involucral bracts 2–4 longer than inflorescence."	"Cyperus enervis"
69	"Nut with paler corky, thickened angles."	"Cyperus platystylis"
69	"Nut without corky, thickened angles."	70
70	"Nut ovoid."	"Cyperus rupicola"
70	"Nut obovoid to ellipsoid."	71
71	"Glumes with sides uniformly yellow to red-brown."	72
71	"Glumes with sides uniformly green, whitish, pale brown, or with red-brown patch."	85
72	"Glumes with midrib about as wide as sides and with cell outlines larger than on sides, 1-nerved only at edge of midrib."	"Cyperus eragrostis"
72	"Glumes with midrib much narrower than sides and with cell outlines similar to those of sides, with 2–4 nerves on each side."	73
73	"Leaves and bracts strongly curly at least near apex."	74
73	"Leaves and bracts straight to slightly curved."	77
74	"Anthers 1.3–1.6 mm long; glume mucro no more than 0.1 mm long."	"Cyperus secubans"
74	"Anthers 0.3–1.2 mm long; glume mucro 0.1–0.8 mm long."	75
75	"Glumes evenly yellow to golden brown, with mucro 0.3–0.8 mm long (usually excurved); nut grey to black."	"Cyperus clarus"
75	"Glumes straw-coloured to golden brown and with dull red-brown patches, with straight mucro 0.1–0.3 mm long; nut pale yellow-brown."	76
76	"Leaf marginal prickles erect, papillose; leaf sheaths pinkish to purple-red; nut tuberculate or colliculate."	"Cyperus rigidellus"
76	"Leaf marginal prickles either mixed strongly flabellate to erect aculeate or antrorsely aculeate; leaf sheaths pale yellowish with red-brown blotches; nut colliculate to smooth and reticulate-areolate."	"Cyperus fulvus"
77	"Nut red-brown to black or grey, tuberculate (occasionally smooth in Cyperus gilesii)."	78
77	"Nut yellow-brown to dark golden brown, smooth to colliculate or pitted."	80
78	"Anthers 1.1–1.8 mm long; nut narrow-ellipsoid to narrow-obovoid, red-brown."	"Cyperus alterniflorus"
78	"Anthers 0.3–0.8 mm long; nut very narrow-ellipsoid or obovoid, red-brown to blackish or grey to black."	79
79	"Nut very narrow-ellipsoid, red-brown to blackish; glumes very narrow-elliptic to narrow-ovate."	"Cyperus gilesii"
79	"Nut obovoid, grey to black; glumes elliptic to ovate."	"Cyperus clarus"
80	"Prickles on leaf margins antrorsely aculeate, more or less regularly spaced."	81
80	"Prickles on leaf margins mixed aculeate to papillose, antrorse to erect and flabellate, more or less irregularly spaced."	83
81	"Glumes dark red-brown or rarely straw-coloured; spikelet clusters dense; leaves exceeding or as long as culms."	"Cyperus gunnii"
81	"Glumes yellow to dark golden brown; spikelet clusters loose; leaves shorter than to as long as culms."	82
82	"Glumes 2.5–3.4 mm long; glume spacing 1.6–2.3 mm."	"Cyperus betchei"
82	"Glumes 1.3–2.1 mm long; glume spacing 0.9–1.3 mm."	"Cyperus dactylotes"
83	"Anthers 0.3–1.2 mm long."	"Cyperus fulvus"
83	"Anthers 1.3–2.0 mm long."	84
84	"Long-rhizomatous, with culms usually solitary along rhizome; leaves V-shaped in cross section, with midrib obvious abaxially, with marginal prickles irregularly spaced; plants never viscid."	"Cyperus lhotskyanus"
84	"Very shortly rhizomatous, with culms tufted; leaves canaliculate, with midrib not obvious, with marginal prickles regularly spaced; plants often viscid."	"Cyperus secubans"
85	"Spikelets less than 2.5 mm wide in side view."	86
85	"Spikelets 2.5–5 mm wide in side view."	88
86	"Inflorescence simple to compound, with 3–8 primary branches and numerous spikelets."	"Cyperus fulvus"
86	"Inflorescence a single cluster of 1–14 spikelets."	87
87	"Glumes 3- or 4-nerved on each side; apex excurved in side view."	"Cyperus gracilis"
87	"Glumes 1- or 2-nerved on each side; apex more or less straight in side view."	"Cyperus enervis"
88	"Glumes with midrib about as wide as sides and with cell outlines larger than on sides, nerved only at edge of midrib."	"Cyperus eragrostis"
88	"Glumes with midrib much narrower than sides and with cell outlines similar to those of sides, with 2–4 nerves on each side."	89
89	"Nut dark brown to black, less than half as long as glume; leaves never curly; plant never viscid."	"Cyperus compressus"
89	"Nut pale yellow-brown, three-quarters to seven-eighths as long as glume; leaves often curly towards apex; plants occasionally viscid."	90
90	"Culms 3–25 cm long; leaves not septate-nodulose; leaf sheaths pinkish to purple-red near base."	"Cyperus rigidellus"
90	"Culms 25–50 cm long; leaves mostly septate-nodulose; leaf sheaths pale yellowish or straw-coloured with occasional red-brown patches."	"Cyperus fulvus"
91	"Inflorescence of 1–6 sessile spikes, rarely with 1–3 short branches to 1.5 cm long."	92
91	"Inflorescence simple or compound with spikes on 3–14 branches to 20 cm long (rarely head-like in Cyperus leiocaulon)."	93
92	"Bases of culms bulbously swollen; glumes acute; flowers 1–3 per spikelet."	"Cyperus aggregatus"
92	"Bases of culms apparently enlarged for some distance because of persistent, whitish, thin-textured leaf sheaths; glumes obtuse; flowers 3–6 per spikelet."	"Cyperus dubius"
93	"Culms and rachis of inflorescence hispid or papillose-scabrous."	94
93	"Culms and rachis of inflorescence smooth."	95
94	"Culms and rachis hispid-scabrous, green; leaves septate-nodulose."	"Cyperus scaber"
94	"Culms and rachis papillose-scabrous, greyish; leaves not septate-nodulose."	"Cyperus conicus"
95	"Involucral bracts 7–13 exceeding inflorescence; leaves strongly septate-nodulose."	"Cyperus vorsteri"
95	"Involucral bracts 1–8 exceeding inflorescence; leaves not septate-nodulose."	96
96	"Spikelets c. 0.5 mm diam.when mature."	97
96	"Spikelets 0.7–1.5 mm diam. when mature."	99
97	"Glumes 3–3.5 mm long; flowers 1–3; base of culms bulbously enlarged."	"Cyperus cyperoides"
97	"Glumes 2.3–2.7 mm long; flowers 3–6; base of culms not enlarged."	98
98	"Spikelets spreading at 90–140° from the vertical; culms rigid, erect, 2–4 mm diam."	"Cyperus dietrichiae"
98	"Spikelets spreading at 40–90° from the vertical; culms lax, c. 1 mm diam."	"Cyperus bowmannii"
99	"Spikelet breaking up and dispersing as individual corky internodes of rachilla with associated glume and nut; inflorescence compound."	"Cyperus odoratus"
99	"Spikelet falling as a unit; inflorescence simple."	100
100	"Involucral bracts 2 exceeding inflorescence; flowers 5–16 per spikelet."	"Cyperus subulatus"
100	"Involucral bracts 3–5 exceeding inflorescence; flowers 2–4 per spikelet."	"Cyperus leiocaulon"
101	"Spikelets several- to numerous-flowered; rachilla continuous, persistent; glumes individually deciduous at maturity."	102
101	"Spikelets 1-flowered, but sometimes with a second imperfect flower above, whole spikelet falling as a unit at maturity."	109
102	"Inflorescence pseudolateral, sessile; lowest involucral bract erect, appearing as a continuation of the rush-like culm."	"Cyperus laevigatus"
102	"Inflorescence obviously terminal, branched or head-like; involucral bracts not as above."	103
103	"Nut dorsally flattened with a flat or concave face against the rachilla; inflorescence densely head-like, subglobose, with 5–7 or more involucral bracts exceeding inflorescence."	"Cyperus pygmaeus"
103	"Nut laterally flattened, with one edge against the rachilla; inflorescence loosely head-like or branched, with 1–4 involucral bracts exceeding inflorescence."	104
104	"Glumes 3.5–4.5 mm long, acute; spikelets 3.5–5 mm wide in side view."	"Cyperus unioloides"
104	"Glumes less than 3 mm long, obtuse (occasionally broad-acute in Cyperus polystachyos); spikelets 1–3 mm wide in side view."	105
105	"Glumes with excurved mucro 0.3–0.7 mm long; glume-spacing c. 0.5 mm."	"Cyperus nervulosus"
105	"Glumes not mucronate or scarcely mucronulate; glume-spacing c. 1 mm."	106
106	"Glumes incurved dorsally in side view, dark red-brown to blackish, often with a hyaline patch on sides."	"Cyperus sanguinolentus"
106	"Glumes more or less straight dorsally in side view, yellow to very dark yellow-brown, occasionally red-brown in Cyperus polystachyos and C. flavidus but never with a hyaline patch."	107
107	"Spikelets suberect, usually densely crowded in obconical subdigitate clusters; rachilla narrowly winged."	"Cyperus polystachyos"
107	"Spikelets spreading widely, in loose, shortly spicate to subdigitate clusters; rachilla not winged."	108
108	"Nut with faint whitish transverse wrinkles."	"Cyperus flavescens"
108	"Nut minutely puncticulate."	"Cyperus flavidus"
109	"Tufted annual or perennial with or without a very short rhizome; inflorescence whitish or very light green; nut black at maturity; stamens 2."	"Cyperus sesquiflorus"
109	"Perennial with creeping rhizomes, to 30 cm long but occasionally very short; inflorescence greenish or yellow-tinged; nut yellowish becoming brown at maturity."	110
110	"Inflorescence more or less ovoid, dense, solitary or with 2 smaller ones at the base; spikelets numerous, sometimes 100 in number, 1-flowered; midrib of the glumes usually toothed; stamen 1 or 2 (rarely 3)."	"Cyperus brevifolius"
110	"Inflorescence globose, loose, always solitary; spikelets not usually more than 50, a second imperfect flower often present; midrib of the glumes usually smooth or nearly so, rarely toothed; stamens (2 or) 3"	"Cyperus sphaeroideus"