1 "Plants not reproducing by seeds." 2 1 "Plants reproducing by seeds." 5 2 "Stems prominently jointed: leaves whorled, forming a sheath at stem nodes." Sphenopsida 2 "Stems not jointed; leaves absent or if present, not whorled and forming a sheath at the nodes." 3 3 "Sporangia borne otherwise (on leaves or in nut-like sporocarps)." Filicopsida 3 "Sporangia borne on stems, in the axils of leaves or leaf-like organs, or embedded in the expanded bases of such organs." 4 4 "Sporangia fused to form synangia." Psilopsida 4 "Sporangia not fused into synangia." Lycopsida 5 "Ovules enclosed in a carpel; carpels arranged in flowers (flowering plants)." Magnoliopsida 5 "Ovules not enclosed in a carpel; ovules arranged in cones or solitary on a short fleshy axis (non-flowering seed plants)." 6 6 "Leaves pinnate." Cycadopsida 6 "Leaves simple" Coniferopsida