1	"Embryo with 1 cotyledon; leaves almost always with parallel nerves; perianth frequently of two whorls of three parts"	2
1	"Embryo with 2 cotyledons; nerves of the leaves usually branching pinnately and often reticulate; perianth usually in 1 or 2 whorls of 4 or 5 parts"	61
2	"Free-floating fresh-water plants"	3
2	"Terrestrial, epiphytic or parasitic, if aquatic then with the roots in the soil"	4
3	"Leaves at least 5 cm long, with a large bladder-like petiole (water hyacinth)"	Pontederiaceae
3	"Leaves not differentiated from the stems; plant thallus-like, to 15 mm long (duckweeds)"	"Araceae (former Lemnaceae)"
4	"Fully submerged aquatics or with leaves or flowers floating"	5
4	"Terrestrial or, if aquatic, then with leaves and flowers supported above the water surface"	13
5	"Perianth of 4 parts; stipules axillary (fresh or brackish water)"	Potamogetonaceae
5	"Perianth of 0–3 or 6 parts; stipules 0 or paired or with an auriculate leaf sheath"	6
6	"Plant with a short tuberous rhizome; perianth-segment 1, conspicuous"	Aponogetonaceae
6	"Plant with creeping rhizomes or stolons; perianth-segments 0 or 2 or more"	7
7	"Flowers bisexual"	8
7	"Flowers unisexual"	9
8	"Stems and rhizomes covered with long persistent fibres; carpel 1 (marine)"	"Posidoniaceae {Posidonia}"
8	"Stems and rhizomes not covered with fibres; carpels at least 4, free (fresh water or rarely marine)"	Potamogetonaceae
9	"Leaves with a distinct blade and petiole and opposite or whorled, or linear and whorled; flowers bracteate; ovary inferior (fresh water or marine)"	Hydrocharitaceae
9	"Leaves linear, alternate or subopposite; flowers ebracteate; ovary superior"	10
10	"Leaves with 3 veins, ligulate; pollen filiform"	11
10	"Leaves with 1 median vein, eligulate; pollen globose"	12
11	"Stems lignified, wiry, bearing conspicuous annular scars; roots branched (marine)"	"Cymodoceaceae {Amphibolis}"
11	"Stems herbaceous, with annular scars; roots not branched (marine)"	Zosteraceae
12	"Carpels 3, free, each with 1 style and an expanded stigma (fresh water or marine)"	"Potamogetonaceae (former Zannichelliaceae)"
12	"Carpel 1, style 1; stigmas 2 or 3, linear (fresh water)"	"Hydrocharitaceae {Najas}"
13	"Trees or shrubs with pinnate or palmate leaves (palms)"	Arecaceae
13	"Herbs or rarely shrubs or trees, always with simple leaves"	14
14	"Perianth 0 (or in the Poaceae possibly represented by the lodicules)"	15
14	"Perianth present"	20
15	"Flowers in dense cylindrical spikes divided into a male region above or below a female region"	16
15	"Flowers solitary or in spikes, racemes, panicles or umbels but, if unisexual, then the sexes not in separate parts of a cylindrical spike"	17
16	"Spike subtended by a large spathe (arums)"	Araceae
16	"Spike without a spathe (bulrushes)"	"Typhaceae {Typha}"
17	"Flowers unisexual, in a group surrounded by 4–6 spreading bracts"	"Hydatellaceae {Trithuria}"
17	"Flowers bisexual or unisexual, each flower or group of fused unisexual flowers subtended and often enclosed by a bract"	18
18	"Fruit membranous, splitting on 1 side to release a smooth translucent seed"	Centrolepidaceae
18	"Fruit indehiscent"	19
19	"Ligule at the base of the leaf blade; leaf base surrounding the stem but the margins very rarely fused (grasses)"	Poaceae
19	"Ligule usually 0; leaf base usually completely encircling and fused round the stem (sedges)"	Cyperaceae
20	"Ovary superior (or somewhat semi-inferior in Haemodoraceae)"	21
20	"Ovary inferior"	55
21	"Perianth conspicuous, petal-like; flowers bisexual"	22
21	"Perianth membranous, scale-like or of bristles or filaments; flowers bisexual or unisexual"	48
22	"Anthers 6"	23
22	"Anthers 3"	46
23	"Carpels 6 or more, free"	Alismataceae
23	"Carpels 3, fused"	24
24	"Flowers single and terminal on multi-branched perennial shoots"	"former Liliaceae {Dasypogonaceae (Calectasia)}"
24	"Flowers in umbels, racemes or panicles, if single then not on multi-branched perennial shoots"	25
25	"Flowers in umbels or single terminating long unbranched leafless stems or in Colchicum the base of the flower at ground level during flowering and only carried up when in fruit"	26
25	"Flowers in racemes or panicles"	28
26	"Bracts at the base of the pedicels at least 3"	"former Liliaceae {Colchicaceae}"
26	"Bracts at the base of the pedicels 1 or 2"	27
27	"Filaments fused to the perianth for at least 20 mm"	"former Liliaceae {Agapanthaceae}"
27	"Filaments attached at the base of the perianth"	"former Liliaceae {Alliaceae}"
28	"Stems branched; leaves cauline, less than 4 cm long"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae}"
28	"Stems simple or, if branched, the leaves either all basal or absent at flowering or the largest leaves more than 5 cm long"	29
29	"Flowers sessile, bisexual, in dense cylindrical spikes at least 30 cm long"	"former Liliaceae {Xanthorrhoeaceae (Xanthorrhoea)}"
29	"Flowers pedicellate, if sessile then unisexual and spikes less than 30 cm long"	30
30	"Plants dioecious; leaves basal; perianth lacking nectaries"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Lomandra)}"
30	"Flowers bisexual; if plants dioecious the leaves along the stems and the perianth segments each with 1 or 2 nectaries"	31
31	"Aerial stem and inflorescence unbranched; flowers always 1 in the axil of each bract"	32
31	"Aerial stem or inflorescence branched or, if simple, at least some bracts bearing more than 1 flower"	34
32	"Leaves not all basal (always present at flowering)"	"former Liliaceae {Colchicaceae (Wurmbea)}"
32	"Leaves all basal (not always present at flowering"	33
33	"Flowers yellow; filaments bearded; not forming bulbs"	"former Liliaceae {Asphodelaceae (Bulbine)}"
33	"Flowers rarely yellow but, if so, filaments not bearded; bulbs"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae}"
34	"Flowers at least 3 cm long"	35
34	"Flowers less than 3 cm long"	37
35	"Flowers greenish white"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Yucca)}"
35	"Flowers red, orange or yellow"	36
36	"Leaves bases laterally flattened"	"Hemerocallidaceae {Phormium}"
36	"Leaves bases dorsi-ventrally flat­tened"	"former Liliaceae {Asphodelaceae (Aloe, Kniphofia)}"
37	"Fruit a berry; aerial shoot perennial; anthers dehiscing apically (sometimes splitting introrsely later)"	"former Liliaceae {Hemerocallidaceae (Dianella)}"
37	"Fruit a capsule; aerial shoot often lasting only a few months; anther dehiscence introrse"	38
38	"Perianth twisted spirally after flowering"	39
38	"Perianth not twisted spirally after flowering"	42
39	"Filaments bearded"	"former Liliaceae {Hemerocallidaceae (Tricoryne)}"
39	"Filaments glabrous"	40
40	"Inflorescence perennial, divaricately branched"	"former Liliaceae {Hemerocallidaceae (Corynotheca)}"
40	"Inflorescence short-lived, simple or few-branched"	41
41	"Flowers racemose"	"former Liliaceae {Hemerocallidaceae (Caesia)}"
41	"Flowers corymbose"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Chamaescilla)}"
42	"Anthers dorsifixed"	"former Liliaceae {Asphodelaceae (Asphodelus, Trachyandra)}"
42	"Anthers attached at or near their base"	43
43	"Inner three perianth-seg­ments fringed"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Thysanotus)}"
43	"Inner three perianth-segments not fringed"	44
44	"Plant climbing"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Murchisonia)}"
44	"Plant erect"	45
45	"Leaves spirally ar­ranged; anthers not coiling into a roll at dehiscence; seeds an­gular"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Arthropodium)}"
45	"Leaves 2-ranked, perennial; anthers coiling into a roll at dehiscence; seeds flat"	"former Liliaceae {Hemerocallidaceae (Stypandra, Thelionema)}"
46	"Leaves cauline, linear-lanceolate to ovate"	Commelinaceae
46	"Leaves basal, linear"	47
47	"Perianth of 6 petaloid segments"	"Haemodoraceae {Wachendorfia}"
47	"Perianth of an outer calyx-like whorl and 3 inner petaloid segments"	"Xyridaceae {Xyris}"
48	"Perianth of bristles or filaments or fused to form a sac-like structure enclosing the ovary and fruit"	Cyperaceae
48	"Perianth of scale-like or petaloid segments"	49
49	"Flowers unisexual, if bisexual the inflorescence a dense spike at least 30 cm long"	50
49	"Flowers bisexual, inflorescence various but if a dense spike then less than 30 cm long"	53
50	"Leaves all reduced to scales on rhizomes and aerial stems"	Restionaceae
50	"Leaves well-developed, linear (in Lomandra juncea stems form simple leaf-like structures), radical or in a rosette terminating massive stems"	51
51	Monoecious	"Eriocaulaceae {Eriocaulon}"
51	"Dioecious or, if flowers bisexual, then in spikes at least 30 cm long"	52
52	"Flowers bisexual, sessile and in dense spikes at least 30 cm long"	"former Liliaceae {Xanthorrhoeaceae (Xanthorrhoea)}"
52	"Flowers unisexual, pedicellate or sessile, if sessile and in a dense spike the spike less than 15 cm long"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Lomandra)}"
53	"Carpels free"	Alismataceae
53	"Carpels fused"	54
54	"Ovules numerous; inflorescence branched or flowers clustered (most rushes)"	Juncaceae
54	"Ovules 1 in each cell; inflorescence a raceme or spike"	"Juncaginaceae {Triglochin}"
55	"Male and female organs combined in a central complex, the column; anther 1 (orchids)"	Orchidaceae
55	"Male and female organs separate; anthers 3 or 6"	56
56	"Anthers 3"	Iridaceae
56	"Anthers 6–12"	57
57	"Water plants with floating leaves"	Hydrocharitaceae
57	"Terrestrial plants; if growing in water then leaves erect above the water surface"	58
58	"Inflorescence an umbel"	Amaryllidaceae
58	"Inflorescence a cymose or panicle or flowers single"	59
59	"Flowers solitary"	Hypoxidaceae
59	"Flowers in cymes or panicles"	60
60	"Leaves less than 15 cm long, entire"	"former Liliaceae {Alstroemeriaceae}"
60	"Leaves at least 90 cm long with prickly-dentate margins"	"former Liliaceae {Asparagaceae (Agave)}"
61	"Branchlets jointed, ridged; leaves reduced to whorls of scale-like teeth; trees or shrubs"	Casuarinaceae
61	"Stems and leaves not as above; herbaceous or woody"	62
62	"Flowers numerous, enclosed within a hollow fleshy receptacle; trees with latex"	"Moraceae {Ficus}"
62	"Flowers exposed or concealed by bracts; only a few with latex"	63
63	"Plants entirely parasitic for their mineral and water requirements"	64
63	"Plants not parasitic or, if partially so, then possessing both normal roots and chlorophyll"	68
64	"Erect leafless root parasites, lacking chlorophyll"	"Orobanchaceae {Orobanche}"
64	"Parasitic on the aerial parts of the host, posessing chlorophyll (leaves and/or stems green)"	65
65	"Leafless twiners"	66
65	"Not twining, usually producing leaves"	67
66	"Perianth in whorls of 4 or 5"	"Convolvulaceae {Cuscuta}"
66	"Perianth in whorls of 3"	"Lauraceae {Cassytha}"
67	"Leaves well-developed; flowers > 5 mm long, generally brightly coloured"	Loranthaceae
67	"Leaves reduced to scales along flattened, jointed cladodes; flowers minute, inconspicuous"	"Santalaceae {Korthalsella}"
68	"Flowers unisexual and arranged within a cup formed by connate bracts; a number of male flowers on articulated filaments surrounding a female flower consisting of a stipitate 3-celled ovary (this group of unisexual flowers – a cyathium – may be mistaken for a single bisexual flower)"	Euphorbiaceae
68	"Not as above"	69
69	"Perianth 0 or not consisting of a distinct calyx and corolla (excluding the Asteraceae which are characterised by having a 2-fid style, an inferior ovary and florets in a capitulum)"	70
69	"Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla whorl"	137
70	"Flowers unisexual"	71
70	"Flowers (or at least some flowers in each inflorescence) bisexual"	101
71	"Perianth 0"	72
71	"Perianth present"	76
72	"Small usually aquatic herbs"	"Plantaginaceae {Callitriche}"
72	"Large woody shrubs or trees"	73
73	"Leaves opposite"	74
73	"Leaves alternate"	75
74	"Leaves simple"	Oleaceae
74	"Leaves pinnate"	Juglandaceae
75	Dioecious	Salicaceae
75	Monoecious	Betulaceae
76	"Leaves opposite or whorled"	77
76	"Leaves alternate"	85
77	"Stipules interpetiolar; ovary inferior"	Rubiaceae
77	"Stipules 0 or not interpetiolar; ovary superior"	78
78	"Leaves whorled"	79
78	"Leaves opposite or in a half-whorl"	80
79	"Rootless aquatics"	"Ceratophyllaceae {Ceratophyllum}"
79	"Evergreen shrubs"	Berberidaceae
80	"Leaves compound; climbers"	"Ranunculaceae {Clematis}"
80	"Leaves simple"	81
81	"Herbs with stinging hairs; style simple; stamens 4"	Urticaceae
81	"Shrubs or herbs; styles or style-branches 2 or 3; stamens 3–?"	82
82	"Ovary with 2–5 cells"	83
82	"Ovary with 1 cell"	84
83	"Ovary cells with 1 ovule"	Euphorbiaceae
83	"Ovary cells with 2 ovules"	Picrodendraceae
84	"Anthers 2, arising high on a long-tubular petal-like floral tube"	Thymelaeaceae
84	"Anthers usually more than 2, not arising on a long-tubular floral tube; perianth herbaceous or scarious"	Chenopodiaceae
85	"Large trees; fruit a large nut enclosed in a cup below (acorn)"	"Fagaceae {Quercus}"
85	"Shrubs, herbs or trees; fruit not as above"	86
86	"Stipules ± scarious, united into a sheath"	Polygonaceae
86	"Stipules free or absent"	87
87	"Perianth-tube long and narrow, petal-like"	Thymelaeaceae
87	"Perianth-tube 0 or short and not petal-like"	88
88	"Trees or shrubs; perianth-tube broadly campanulate, petal-like"	Malvaceae
88	"Not usually trees; perianth not as above"	89
89	"Carpels ± free; anthers more numerous than the perianth-segments"	Gyrostemonaceae
89	"Carpels 1 or fused; anthers usually not more numerous than the perianth-segments"	90
90	"Stipules present"	91
90	"Stipules 0 or represented by nectariferous glands"	96
91	"Perianth and stamens inserted on a receptacular tube; fruits fleshy"	Rhamnaceae
91	"Receptacular tube 0; fruit a capsule"	92
92	"Perianth closely enveloping the ovary and fruit"	Cannabaceae
92	"Perianth not closely enveloping the ovary or fruit"	93
93	"Capsule 1-celled and 1-seeded"	94
93	"Capsule with more than 1 cell and/or more than 1 seed"	95
94	"Stellate hairs numerous"	Euphorbiaceae
94	"Stellate hairs 0, simple hairs present"	Picrodendraceae
95	"Seeds carunculate (Chrozophora seeds not carunculate; plant stellate-hairy)"	Euphorbiaceae
95	"Seeds not carunculate; plants glabrous or with simple hairs"	Phyllanthaceae
96	"Stigma sessile or almost so; fruit fleshy"	Santalaceae
96	"Stigma(s) borne on 1–3 styles; fruit usually dry"	97
97	"Anthers 6 to many"	98
97	"Anthers fewer than 6; styles 2–3 or 1 and branched"	100
98	"Style 1, simple"	Sapindaceae
98	"Styles 3"	99
99	"Leaves 2–5 at each node"	"Picrodendraceae {Micrantheum}"
99	"Leaves solitary at each node"	Euphorbiaceae
100	"Perianth scarious"	Amaranthaceae
100	"Perianth herbaceous"	Chenopodiaceae
101	"Spiny stem-succulents with numerous sepals, petals and stamens"	Cactaceae
101	"Not as above"	102
102	"Leaves 60–100 cm broad, palmately lobed; flowers and fruits c 1 mm long, red"	"Gunneraceae {Gunnera}"
102	"Not as above"	103
103	"Stamens more numerous than perianth-segments"	104
103	"Stamens equal in number to perianth-segments or fewer"	115
104	"Perianth 0; stamens 2"	Oleaceae
104	"Not as above"	105
105	"Perianth-segments 4 on a long tube; anthers 8"	Thymelaeaceae
105	"Perianth-segments usually 5–8 (petal-like staminodes sometimes numerous), if 4 then not on a long tube and anthers more than 8, or fused into an operculum when in bud"	106
106	"Carpels several, free"	"Phytolaccaceae {Phytolacca}"
106	"Carpels 1 or fused"	107
107	"Perianth fused to form an operculum on the bud"	Myrtaceae
107	"Perianth not fused to form an operculum"	108
108	"Leaves opposite"	109
108	"Leaves alternate or apparently whorled"	111
109	"Ovary 1-celled; leaf bases not dilated and scarious"	Caryophyllaceae
109	"Ovary 2- or more-celled, if 1-celled the leaves with dilated scarious stipule-like bases"	110
110	"Herbs or small shrubs"	Aizoaceae
110	Trees	Sapindaceae
111	"Style 1, unbranched"	Sapindaceae
111	"Styles 2 or more or single and deeply divided"	112
112	"Stipules membranous and ensheathing"	Polygonaceae
112	"Stipules 0, minute and caducous or well-developed but not membranous and ensheathing"	113
113	"Stipules well-developed and persistent"	Rosaceae
113	"Stipules 0 or minute and caducous"	114
114	"Leaves opposite, if alternate then ovules single in each cell"	Aizoaceae
114	"Leaves alternate or apparently whorled; ovules several in each cell"	"Molluginaceae (see Aizoaceae)"
115	"Ovary entirely or almost entirely inferior; stipules present"	116
115	"Ovary superior (or, if rarely inferior or half-inferior either stipules absent or perianth-segments and anthers not 5)"	119
116	"Perianth-segments in 2 whorls of 4"	Rosaceae
116	"Perianth-segments 5"	117
117	"Inflorescence an umbel"	Apiaceae
117	"Inflorescence cymose of flowers in a head"	118
118	"Leaves opposite"	Rubiaceae
118	"Leaves alternate"	Rhamnaceae
119	"Styles or style-branches more numerous than ovary cells"	120
119	"Styles or style-branches equal to ovary cells or fewer"	125
120	"Leaves opposite, subulate"	Caryophyllaceae
120	"Leaves alternate (if opposite then flat)"	121
121	"Stipules present"	122
121	"Stipules 0"	124
122	"Stipules scarious, ensheathing"	Polygonaceae
122	"Stipules paired and not ensheathing"	123
123	"Latex produced"	Euphorbiaceae
123	"Latex not produced"	Rhamnaceae
124	"Perianth scarious"	Amaranthaceae
124	"Perianth herbaceous"	Chenopodiaceae
125	"Stipules 0"	126
125	"Stipules present (sometimes small or caducous)"	134
126	"Ovary cells 1"	127
126	"Ovary cells at least 2"	133
127	"Perianth-segments 4 and anthers 2 or 8"	Thymelaeaceae
127	"Perianth-segments 4 and anthers 4, or perianth-segments 3 or 5"	128
128	"Either ovary inferior or stigma sessile"	129
128	"Ovary superior and style developed"	130
129	"Glabrous shrubs or trees"	Santalaceae
129	"Pubescent annuals"	Urticaceae
130	"Perianth-segments 4"	Proteaceae
130	"Perianth-segments 5"	131
131	"Perianth scarious"	Amaranthaceae
131	"Perianth wholly or partially petaloid"	132
132	"Style 3-branched"	"Basellaceae {Anredera}"
132	"Style simple"	Nyctaginaceae
133	"Leaves opposite, if alternate then ovules single in each cell"	Aizoaceae
133	"Leaves alternate or apparently whorled; ovules several in each cell"	"Molluginaceae  (see Aizoaceae)"
134	"Ovules several in each of 3–5 cells"	Aizoaceae
134	"Ovules 1 or 2 in each of 1–3 cells"	135
135	"Leaves compound or deeply divided"	Rosaceae
135	"Leaves entire or almost so"	136
136	"Ovary 1-celled with 1 ovule"	"Ulmaceae {Ulmus}"
136	"Ovary 3–5-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell"	Malvaceae
137	"Flowers in a capitulum; ovary inferior; style 2-fid; corolla tubular"	Asteraceae
137	"Not as above"	138
138	"Petals (or at least 1 or more of them) free or rarely (Vitaceae) cohering at the apex"	139
138	"Petals all fused to form a complete ring or broken on one side only"	211
139	"Ovary inferior"	140
139	"Ovary superior or half-inferior"	149
140	"Inflorescence an umbel"	141
140	"Inflorescence a head, racemose or cymose or flowers solitary"	143
141	"Trees with numerous stamens"	"Myrtaceae {Eucalyptus spp.}"
141	"Herbs, climbers or shrubs with 5 stamens"	142
142	"Leaves peltate or digitately lobed or compound, lacking spines"	"Araliaceae {Hedera}"
142	"Leaves pinnately lobed or compound, if palmately lobed then spiny"	Apiaceae
143	"Stipules distinct"	144
143	"Stipules absent"	146
144	"Spines along the branches"	Rosaceae
144	"Spineless or with branches terminating in spines"	145
145	"Water plants with floating leaves"	"Nymphaeaceae {Nymphaea}"
145	"Terrestrial shrubs or trees"	Rhamnaceae
146	"Herbaceous; if woody then the ovary conspicuously winged"	147
146	"Woody shrubs or trees"	148
147	"Styles 2–4, very short; stigma papillose or plumose"	Haloragaceae
147	"Style 1, long; stigma capitate or lobed"	Onagraceae
148	"Evergreen shrubs and trees; leaves not lobed"	Myrtaceae
148	"Deciduous shrubs; leaves palmately lobed"	"Grossulariaceae {Ribes}"
149	"Styles 2 or more"	150
149	"Style 1 or stigmas sessile"	171
150	"Ovary cell 1 (despite carpels sometimes being partly free distally)"	151
150	"Ovary cells 2 or more or carpels completely free"	158
151	"Leaves with stalked glands (insectivorous)"	"Droseraceae {Drosera}"
151	"Leaves without stalked glands"	152
152	Dioecious	Anacardiaceae
152	"Flowers bisexual"	153
153	"Sepals 2"	Portulaccaceae
153	"Sepals 4 or 5"	154
154	"Flowers bilaterally symmetrical"	"Resedaceae {Reseda}"
154	"Flowers radially symmetrical"	155
155	"Stamens numerous; leaves with oil-glands"	"Hypericaceae {Hypericum}"
155	"Stamens up to 10; leaves without oil-glands"	156
156	"Climbers with tendrils"	Passifloraceae
156	"Herbs, shrubs or trees without tendrils"	157
157	Herbs	Caryophyllaceae
157	"Shrubs and trees"	"Tamaricaceae {Tamarix}"
158	"Leaves opposite or whorled"	159
158	"Leaves alternate or radical"	165
159	"Carpels free"	160
159	"Carpels fused"	161
160	"Succulent herbs"	Crassulaceae
160	"Woody shrubs"	Rutaceae
161	"Ovary cells 2"	162
161	"Ovary cells 3–5"	163
162	"Evergreen shrub with sessile trifoliolate leaves (appearing as a whorl of 6 simple leaves)"	Cunoniaceae
162	"Deciduous tree with petiolate simple leaves"	"Sapindaceae {Acer}"
163	"Stamens numerous"	"Hypericaceae {Hypericum}"
163	"Stamens 3 or 4"	164
164	"Stamens 3; leaves stipulate"	Elatinaceae
164	"Stamens 4 or more; leaves exstipulate"	Rutaceae
165	"Carpels free or ovary deeply lobed"	166
165	"Carpels strongly fused (styles fused or free)"	169
166	"Spiny woody plants"	Rosaceae
166	"Spineless; woody or herbaceous"	167
167	"Shrubs; leaves with conspicuous oil-glands"	Rutaceae
167	"Herbs or woody; leaves lacking oil-glands"	168
168	"Carpels several to numerous; herbs"	Ranunculaceae
168	"Carpels 2 or 3; shrubs"	"Dilleniaceae {Hibbertia}"
169	"Stipules distinct; usually with stellate hairs"	Malvaceae
169	"Stipules 0 or minute and caducous; glabrous or with simple hairs"	170
170	"Leaves simple; anthers 5"	Linaceae
170	"Leaves compound; anthers 10"	"Oxalidaceae {Oxalis}"
171	"Ovary cell 1, sometimes incompletely divided"	172
171	"Ovary completely divided into 2 or more cells or carpels wholly or partly free"	182
172	"Ovary half-inferior"	Rosaceae
172	"Ovary superior"	173
173	"Ovules along one suture of the ovary only"	Fabaceae
173	"Ovules along several parietal placentas or basal or on a free central placenta"	174
174	"Leaves opposite; flowers radially symmetrical"	175
174	"Leaves alternate or radical (if very rarely opposite flowers bilaterally symmetrical)"	176
175	"Stamens numerous"	"Cistaceae {Cistus}"
175	"Stamens 4–6"	"Frankeniaceae {Frankenia}"
176	"Sepals 2; petals 5"	Portulacaceae
176	"Sepals 3 or more; if 2 then petals 4"	177
177	"Stamens 5"	178
177	"Stamens 4 or 6 or more"	179
178	"Leaves stipulate"	Violaceae
178	"Leaves exstipulate"	Pittosporaceae
179	"Sepals 2 or 3"	Papaveraceae
179	"Sepals 4"	180
180	"Stamens 6"	Brassicaceae
180	"Stamens 12 or more"	181
181	"Shrubs or trees; leaves simple"	"Capparaceae {Capparis}"
181	"Herbs; leaves 3–5-foliolate"	"Cleomaceae {Cleome}"
182	"Petals 3; sepals 5"	Polygalaceae
182	"Petals 4–6; sepals 4–6"	183
183	"Anthers up to twice as many as the petals"	184
183	"Anthers more than twice as many as the petals"	210
184	"Anthers 2–6"	185
184	"Anthers 8–numerous"	198
185	"Ovary with 2 cells"	186
185	"Ovary with 3–5 cells"	189
186	"Perianth and stamens on a tubular floral tube"	Lythraceae
186	"Perianth and stamens arising at the base of the ovary"	187
187	"Sepals 4; petals 4"	Brassicaceae
187	"Sepals 5; petals 5"	188
188	"Trees, shrubs or climbers without tendrils; leaves not lobed"	Pittosporaceae
188	"Climbers with tendrils; leaves deeply lobed"	"Vitaceae {Vitis}"
189	"Leaves opposite"	190
189	"Leaves alternate or radical"	192
190	"Leaves simple, exstipulate"	Rutaceae
190	"Leaves compound"	191
191	"Leaves palmate, exstipulate"	"Sapindaceae {Aesculus}"
191	"Leaves pinnate or ternate, stipulate"	Zygophyllaceae
192	"Anthers 4"	193
192	"Anthers 5"	194
193	"Leaves pinnately compound"	"Melianthaceae {Melianthus}"
193	"Leaves simple"	"Aquifoliaceae {Ilex}"
194	"Glabrous annuals"	Celastraceae
194	"Variously hairy or glandular (on leaves and/or calyx) perennials or annuals; if glabrous and eglandular then a dioecious shrub"	195
195	"2 or more ovules in each ovary cell"	196
195	"1 ovule in each ovary cell"	197
196	"Leaves and/or calyx hairy usually with stellate hairs"	Malvaceae
196	"Leaves and calyx glabrous but with immersed glandular dots"	Rutaceae
197	"Woody glabrous dioecious shrub"	Rhamnaceae
197	"Herbaceous hairy plants with bisexual flowers"	Geraniaceae
198	"Ovary with 2 cells; if more than 2 then stamens numerous"	199
198	"Ovary with 3–6 cells; stamens 8–12"	201
199	"Ovules numerous in each cell; anthers dehiscing longitudinally"	Lythraceae
199	"Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell"	200
200	"Anthers opening by a terminal pore; glabrous or with simple hairs"	Elaeocarpaceae
200	"Anthers dehiscing longitudinally; hairs stellate"	Rutaceae
201	"Stamens 8; petals 5"	202
201	"Stamens 10 or 12; if 8 then petals 4"	204
202	"Herbs; leaves peltate"	"Tropaeolaceae {Tropoleum}"
202	"Shrubs or trees; leaves compound or lobed"	203
203	"Flowers in panicles"	Sapindaceae
203	"Flowers axillary"	Zygophyllaceae
204	"Herbaceous or softly woody7; styles separating from the central column when seeds mature"	Geraniaceae
204	"Woody shrubs or trees; style simple, not as above"	205
205	Exstipulate	206
205	Stipulate	209
206	"Leaves 2-lobed or 2-foliolate"	Zygophyllaceae
206	"Leaves simple or 3- or more-foliolate"	207
207	"Leaves opposite"	Rutaceae
207	"Leaves alternate"	208
208	"Leaves bi- or tri-pinnate or, if once pinnate, the leaflets less than 1 cm broad"	Meliaceae
208	"Leaves once pinnate with leaflets 2–4 cm broad"	"Simaroubaceae {Ailanthus}"
209	"Fruit angled, winged or spiny"	Zygophyllaceae
209	"Fruit shallowly lobed or terete"	Nitrariaceae
210	"Stamens numerous, united in a tube"	Malvaceae
210	"Stamens up to 15, free"	Nitrariaceae
211	"Ovary inferior or half-inferior"	212
211	"Ovary superior"	220
212	"Flowers unisexual"	Cucurbitaceae
212	"Flowers bisexual"	213
213	"Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar stipules, or leaves whorled"	Rubiaceae
213	"Leaves alternate, radical or opposite but stipules 0 or not interpetiolar"	214
214	"Stamens opposite the petals and of the same number"	Primulaceae
214	"Stamens alternating with and sometimes fewer than the petals"	215
215	"Stamens 4 or 5, if 3 then the petals also 3"	216
215	"Stamens 1–3; petals 4 or 5"	219
216	"Style terminated by a cup-shaped or 2-lipped indusium"	Goodeniaceae
216	"Style simple, notched or 2- or 3-lobed"	217
217	"Ovary with 1 cell"	"Caprifoliaceae (former Dipsacaceae)"
217	"Ovary with 2–5 cells"	218
218	Herbs	Campanulaceae
218	"Trees, shrubs or woody climbers"	Caprifoliaceae
219	"Leaves alternate or radical"	Stylidiaceae
219	"Leaves opposite"	"Caprifoliaceae (former Valerianaceae)"
220	"Stamens fewer than the petals"	221
220	"Stamens equal or more numerous than the petals"	234
221	"Stamens and ovary cells 1 or 2"	222
221	"Anthers and/or ovary cells more than 3"	225
222	"Leaves radical; small herbs"	"Lentibulariaceae {Utricularia}"
222	"Leaves cauline; trees, shrubs, woody climbers or herbs"	223
223	"Corolla 5-lobed; leaves simple"	Acanthaceae
223	"Corolla 4-lobed, if 5–8-lobed than leaves 3-foliolate"	224
224	"Flowers radially symmetrical"	Oleaceae
224	"Flowers bilaterally symmetrical"	Scrophulariaceae
225	"Sepals 2; corolla radially symmetrical, split down one side"	Portulacaceae
225	"Perianth characters not as above"	226
226	"Anthers 3; leaves alternate"	"Olacaceae {Olax}"
226	"Anthers 2 or 4; leaves opposite or less often alternate"	227
227	"Style arising between the 4 ovary lobes"	Lamiaceae
227	"Style terminal"	228
228	"Leaves compound"	Bignoniaceae
228	"Leaves simple"	229
229	"Bracteoles at the base of the flowers conspicuous; seeds bearing hooks"	Acanthaceae
229	"Bracteoles at the bases of the flowers usually 0 or inconspicuous; seeds lacking hooks"	230
230	"Fruit with a long curved beak"	"Martyniaceae {Proboscidea}"
230	"Fruit not beaked"	231
231	"Fruit spiny"	"Pedaliaceae {Josephinia}"
231	"Fruit not spiny"	232
232	"Fruit a drupe or schizocarp; seeds 1 or 2 in each cell"	Verbenaceae
232	"Fruit and seeds not as above"	233
233	"Plants densely stellate-hairy, if puberulent or subglabrous then the fruit a drupe"	Lamiaceae
233	"Plants glabrous or with simple hairs; fruits dry"	Scrophulariaceae
234	"Stamens numerous"	235
234	"Stamens 10 or fewer"	237
235	"Stamens more conspicuous than the perianth; flowers in dense globular to cylindrical spikes; trees or shrubs"	Fabaceae
235	"Stamens less conspicuous than the perianth; flowers not in dense spikes; herbs or shrubs"	236
236	"Stamens fused to one another; calyx not spurred"	Malvaceae
236	"Stamens free of one another; calyx spurred"	Ranunculaceae
237	"Stamens at least twice as numerous as the petals"	238
237	"Stamens equal in number to the petals"	241
238	"Flowers radially symmetrical; leaves opposite or whorled"	239
238	"Flowers strongly bilaterally symmetrical; leaves usually alternate"	240
239	"Flowers to 5 mm long"	Ericaceae
239	"Flowers at least 10 mm long"	Rutaceae
240	"Petals 5"	Fabaceae
240	"Petals 3"	Polygalaceae
241	"Stamens 5, united in a tube bearing fleshy appendages (the corona); pollen consolidated into pollen-masses (the pollinia); usually producing copious latex"	"Apocynaceae (former Asclepiadaceae)"
241	"Stamens and pollen not as above"	242
242	"Ovary cell 1"	243
242	"Ovary cells 2–5"	250
243	"Sepals 2"	Portulacaceae
243	"Sepals 4 or 5"	244
244	"Styles 5"	Plumbaginaceae
244	"Style 1"	245
245	"Stems slender, twining; land plants"	Pittosporaceae
245	"Aerial stems erect or 0, or water plants"	246
246	"Stamens opposite the petals"	Primulaceae
246	"Stamens alternating with the petals"	247
247	"Leaves opposite"	248
247	"Leaves alternate or radical"	249
248	Herbs	Gentianaceae
248	"Trees (mangroves)"	Acanthaceae
249	"Leaves alternate; water plants with an open inflorescence of yellow or pink flowers"	Menyanthaceae
249	"Leaves radical; terrestrial plants with a head of blue flowers"	Goodeniaceae
250	"Leaves all radical; the small flowers in a dense spike on a naked peduncle; corolla scarious"	"Plantaginaceae {Plantago}"
250	"Leaves alternate, opposite or whorled, if radical then the flowers pedicellate; inflorescence not as above; corolla herbaceous"	251
251	"Ovary cells 2 or 4"	252
251	"Ovary cells 3 or 5"	265
252	"Petals twisted in bud (ie aestivation contorted); flowers radially symmetrical"	253
252	"Petals valvate or imbricate in bud, but not regularly twisted; flowers radially or bilaterally symmetrical"	256
253	"Leaves alternate; plants terrestrial"	Convolvulaceae
253	"Leaves opposite or radical, if alternate then plants aquatic"	254
254	"Carpels free but with their styles sometimes fused; with copious latex"	Apocynaceae
254	"Carpels fully united; without latex"	255
255	Herbs	Gentianaceae
255	Shrubs	Ericaceae
256	"Ovary with 2 cells"	257
256	"Ovary with 4 cells"	262
257	"Corolla radially symmetrical"	258
257	"Corolla bilaterally symmetrical"	261
258	"Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell"	Boraginaceae
258	"Ovules 3 or more in each cell"	259
259	"Leaves alternate"	Solanaceae
259	"Leaves opposite"	260
260	"Corolla 5-lobed or, if 4-lobed, then herbs"	Loganiaceae
260	"Corolla 4 lobed; plants woody"	"Scrophulariaceae {Buddleja}"
261	"Style bearing a capitate stigma"	Scrophulariaceae
261	"Style bearing a cup-shaped indusium"	Goodeniaceae
262	"Ovules 3 or more in each cell"	Solanaceae
262	"Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell"	263
263	"Stamens inserted on a disk at the base of the perianth"	Celastraceae
263	"Stamens inserted on the corolla-tube"	264
264	"Fruit separating into 4 nutlets; plants glabrous or more often with numerous hairs"	Boraginaceae
264	"Fruit indehiscent, not separating; branched hairs always present"	"Lamiaceae (former Chloanthaceae)"
265	"Shrubs; stigma single"	Ericaceae
265	"Perennial herbs or annuals; stigmas 3 or 5"	266
266	"Herbaceous vine; stigmas 2"	Convolvulaceae
266	"Herbaceous or woody; stigmas 1, 3 or 5"	267
267	"Leaves entire; plants glabrous"	Celastraceae
267	"Leaves pinnatisect; plants glandular-hairy"	Polemoniaceae