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Sepals (i.e. the perianth segments) < 1.6 mm long; flowers unisexual, the males lacking styles, the females lacking sterile stamens Sepals 2-50 mm long; flowers bisexual, or functionally female with sterile stamens Style centrally placed on the ovary summit Style excentrically placed on the ovary summit Leaves glabrous or glabrescent, or mature plants leafless Leaves persistently hairy Stems erect Stems prostrate or decumbent Staminal cup appendages absent Staminal cup appendages present Inner sepals with hairs on adaxial surface or on inner margins Inner sepals glabrous on adaxial surface Inner sepals not clawed Inner sepals clawed Fertile stamens < 5 Fertile stamens 5 Herbs Rigid shrubs Hairs on outer sepals not exceeding sepal apex Hairs on outer sepals exceeding sepal apex Inflorescences nodding; staminal cup long and tube-like, 8-11 mm long Inflorescences not nodding; staminal cup short, < 1.5 mm long Bract apex not aristate Bract apex aristate Bracteoles as long as sepals Bracteoles at most half the length of sepals Stems glabrous, subspinescent; sepals > 5 mm long Stems persistently white-pubescent with tangled hairs; sepals < 5 mm long Flowers not clustered as above Inflorescence units in corymb- or umbel-like clusters Staminal filaments narrowly ligulate, dilated into a disc under anthers Staminal filaments not as above Bracts and bracteoles with an awn-like apex Bracts and bracteoles without an awn-like apex Inflorescences red; bracteoles 3.5-4 mm long Inflorescences white; bracteoles 4.4-5.2 mm long Leaves 3-12 mm wide Leaves 0.5-1.5 mm wide Shrub; sepal apex not exceeded by hairs Annual herb; sepal apex exceeded by hairs Bracts and bracteoles narrow-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm long Bracts and bracteoles ovate, 1-1.3 mm long Inflorescence units obovoid, in dense umbel-like clusters Inflorescence units hemispherical to ovoid, in loose corymbs Stems woody Stems herbaceous Style conspicuously sigmoid Style more or less straight Inflorescences nodding; staminal cup long and tube-like, 8-11 mm long Inflorescences not nodding; stamina cup short and not tube-like Sepal abaxial surface glabrescent, hairs concentrated at apex Sepal abaxial surface with persistent hairs at base or throughout Sepals villous throughout length of abaxial surface Sepals woolly at base of abaxial surface, glabrous at apex Bracteoles longer than sepals Bracteoles shorter than sepals Staminal cup lobes conspicuously forked Staminal cup lobes not as above Sepals green; inflorescences > 24 mm wide Sepals pink to pale pink or whitish; inflorescences < 20 mm wide Stems leafless at maturity Stems with leaves at maturity Erect slender herbs, 0.5-1.2 m high at maturity; stems often with conspicuous divaricate branching; inflorescences cylindrical or cone-shaped, often weeping with age Rounded herbs or subshrubs, 0.2-0.5 m high at maturity (rarely prostrate); stems not distinctly divaricately branching; inflorescences globular to ovoid, remaining erect with age Stems becoming woody; leaves narrow-linear, sparse Stems herbaceous; leaves lanceolate to spathulate, basally crowded Inner sepals glabrous adaxially Inner sepals hairy adaxially Ovary villous-woolly at summit Ovary glabrous Sepals with uncinate (hooked) apices Sepals without uncinate (hooked) apices Sepals conspicuously clawed Sepals not clawed Staminal cup appendages absent Staminal cup appendages present Inflorescences sessile; outer sepals acute; inner sepal midrib region 0.2-0.3 mm wide Inflorescences more or less pedunculate; outer sepals with a rounded apex; inner sepal midrib region 0.5-0.8 mm wide Sepals truncate-serrate Sepals acute Sepals 5-7.7 mm long, densely woolly abaxially Sepals 3.5-4.5 mm long, sparse silky-hairy abaxially Plants mat-forming; stems prostrate, persistently stellate-hairy Plants not mat-forming; stems decumbent or erect, glabrous or glabrescent Staminal cup appendages present Staminal cup appendages absent Sepals conspicuously clawed Sepals not clawed Stems woody or basally woody Stems herbaceous Ovary hairy Ovary glabrous Stamens longer than sepals Stamens shorter than sepals Leaves strongly discolourous; margins incurved Leaves concolourous; margins not incurved Inflorescences in solitary, terminal spikes; flowers interrupted Inflorescences in dense terminal panicles, flowers not interrupted Stems and leaves with whitish tomentum; leaves without long silky hairs; spikes globular, axillary and solitary Stems with yellowish tomentum; leaves with long silvery-silky hairs; spikes in dense, terminal panicles Sepal hairs woolly, clearly exceeding apices Sepal hairs not woolly, not exceeding apices Leaves < 20 mm wide Leaves > 30 mm wide Leaves narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptical Leaves ovate to spathulate Stems and leaves with yellow-villous indumentum of long branching hairs Stems and leaves with grey-green, tomentose indumentum of short branching hairs Sepals and staminal filaments pink; inflorescences > 30 mm wide Sepals creamish-green; staminal filaments white; inflorescences < 21 mm wide Bracts and bracteoles longer than sepals Bracts and bracteoles shorter than sepals Inner sepals conspicuously clawed Inner sepals not conspicuously clawed Leaves narrowly elliptical to narrowly oblanceolate, 3-6 mm wide Leaves linear, 0.5-1.5 mm wide Inflorescences not nodding; flowers pink Inflorescences nodding; flowers creamish-green Leaves to 4.5 cm long with velvety indumentum Leaves to 9 cm long with villous indumentum Fertile stamens 3-5 Fertile stamens 1 or 2 Ovary hairy Ovary glabrous Annuals Perennials Inner sepals adaxially hairy or with row of hairs on inwardly folding margins Inner sepals adaxially glabrous Inflorescences not interrupted Inflorescences interrupted Bracts hairy, opaque Bracts glabrous, translucent Sepals > 17 mm long Sepals < 15 mm long Flowers creamish-green, rarely with pale pink flush; sepals not gaping widely at anthesis, more or less falcately down-curved; ovary not obscured, the hairs at the base of the sepals more or less erect, not forming a woolly plug Flowers purple to pink; sepals gaping widely at anthesis, straight; ovary obscured by a plug of woolly hairs at the base of the sepals Sepals strongly keeled basally Sepals not strongly keeled basally Flowers green; sepals > 15 mm long Flowers pink; sepals < 10 mm long Inflorescence rachis glabrous or with sparse hairs present Inflorescence rachis densely villous or tomentose Perennial herb with a woody taproot (when mature); outer sepals > 1.4 mm wide; abaxial sepal surface with spreading hairs on surface (except glabrous apices); hairs present on adaxial sepal surface; stamina cup hairs present Annal or short-lived perennial herb with fleshy taproot; outer sepal < 1.2 mm wide; abaxial sepal surface with short, appressed hairs on the bottom half; hairs absent on adaxial sepal surface; stamina cup hairs absent Sepals > 6 mm long; staminode > 3 mm long; anthers > 0.6 mm long Sepals < 5.5 mm long; staminode < 2.6 mm long; anthers < 0.6 mm long Lateral stems prostrate; staminal cup lobes adjacent to staminode with acute apices; Western Australia Lateral stems decumbent or ascending; staminal cup lobes adjacent to staminode with rounded or flat apices; New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland and South Australia Fertile stamens 3; sepals > 7 mm long; inner sepals with basal hairs on interior surface Fertile stamens 4; sepals < 6.5 mm long; inner sepals glabrous on interior surface Outer sepals much longer than inner sepals Outer sepals and inner sepals subequal Sepals with hairs not restricted to midrib on abaxial surface Sepals with hairs restricted to midrib on abaxial surface Sepal apex truncate-serrate; flowers orange to yellow Sepal apex acute; flowers creamish-green, sometimes with pale pinkish tinge Stems prostrate, sprawling; sepals < 6 mm long Stems erect or ascending; sepals > 8 mm long Ovary with a distinct coma of hairs Ovary without a distinct coma of hairs Inflorescences 30-90 mm wide; flowers not opening broadly, radially symmetric; older flowers not upwardly appressed to rachis and without styles protruding, or (rarely) older flowers upwardly appressed to rachis and without styles protruding Inflorescences 18-28 mm wide; flowers opening broadly, bilaterally symmetric; older flowers upwardly appressed to rachis with styles horizontally protruding Inflorescence rachis glabrous or with sparse hairs present Inflorescence rachis densely villous or tomentose Perennial herb with a woody taproot (when mature); outer sepals > 1.4 mm wide; abaxial sepal surface with spreading hairs on surface (except glabrous apices); hairs present on adaxial sepal surface; stamina cup hairs present Annal or short-lived perennial herb with fleshy taproot; outer sepal < 1.2 mm wide; abaxial sepal surface with short, appressed hairs on the bottom half; hairs absent on adaxial sepal surface; stamina cup hairs absent Pedicel (i.e. the stalk attaching the bract and flower to the rachis) after abscission squat with a prominent disc at apex; ovary gibbous; staminal cup with sparse, short hairs Pedicel after abscission slender with a reduced disc at apex; ovary not gibbous; staminal cup with copious, long, silky hair Sepals 10-15 mm long; anthers > 0.9 mm long Sepals 6-9 mm long; anthers < 0.6 mm long Fertile stamens 3; staminal filaments 4-5 mm long; style > 4 mm long; New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland Fertile stamens 4; staminal filaments 2-3 mm long; style < 4 mm long; Western Australia Inflorescences not interrupted (flowers in a compact spike-like inflorescence) Inflorescences interrupted (flowers well-spaced on the rachis) Stems erect Stems prostrate or ascending Stems woody or basally woody Stems herbaceous Subshrubs; stem and leaves glabrous; sepals > 20 mm long Shrubs; stems and leaves with dense tomentose indumentum; sepals < 20 mm long Mature inflorescences < 2.5 cm long; outer sepal hairs at the base of the sepals 1.2-2.5 mm long Mature inflorescences > 3 cm long; outer sepal hairs at the base of the sepals 0.3-0.6 mm long Fertile stamens 4 Fertile stamens 3 Bracts glabrous, translucent; sepals not falcate or up-curved Bracts hairy, opaque; sepals falcately up-curved Interior surface of inner sepals with scattered hairs Interior surface of inner sepals with a dense woolly hairs Style > 15 mm long Style < 15 mm long Basal leaves in rosette oblong-spathulate; cauline leaves few Basal leaves narrowly elliptic or linear-lanceolate; cauline leaves numerous Basal leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear Basal leaves oblong-spathulate Rounded shrubs or subshrubs to 0.4 m high; several to many branches Slender herbs to 1 m high; few, if any, branches Outer sepals to c. 20 mm long, abaxial surface with hairs that do not exceed the sepal apex; inner sepal adaxial surface with dense woolly hairs Outer sepals < 14 mm long, abaxial surface with hairs that exceeded the sepal apex by 1-2 mm; inner sepal adaxial surface glabrous apart from a few marginal hairs Bract ovate, < 4 mm long; style < 3.5 mm long Bract narrowly lanceolate, > 5 mm long; style > 5 mm long Stems erect Stems prostrate or decumbent Leaves glabrous or with sparse hairs not obscuring the surface Leaves with hairs obscuring surface Stems herbaceous, not divaricately branching Stems, woody or basally woody, divaricately branching Small herb < 8 cm tall; basal rosette of spathulate leaves Herbs > 8 cm tall; leaves not as above Sepals with hairs restricted to midrib of abaxial surface Sepals with hairs not restricted to midrib abaxial surface Bracts translucent; fertile stamens 4-5 Bracts opaque; fertile stamens 3 Sepal abaxial surface glabrous apart from basal hairs; flowers pink; fertile stamens 5 Sepal abaxial surface hairy apart from apex; flowers cream to green; fertile stamens 4 Inflorescences 18-28 mm wide; flowers opening broadly, bilaterally symmetric; older flowers upwardly appressed to rachis with styles horizontally protruding Inflorescences 30-90 mm wide; flowers not opening broadly, radially symmetric; older flowers not upwardly appressed to rachis and without styles protruding, or (rarely) older flowers upwardly appressed to rachis and without styles protruding Inflorescence rachis glabrous or with sparse hairs present Inflorescence rachis densely villous or tomentose Perennial herb with a woody taproot (when mature); outer sepals > 1.4 mm wide; abaxial sepal surface with spreading hairs on surface (except glabrous apices); hairs present on adaxial sepal surface; stamina cup hairs present Annal or short-lived perennial herb with fleshy taproot; outer sepal < 1.2 mm wide; abaxial sepal surface with short, appressed hairs on the bottom half; hairs absent on adaxial sepal surface; stamina cup hairs absent Flowers with dense woolly hairs at the interior base of the sepals; flowers purple to pink Flowers with scattered hairs on the interior surface of sepals; flowers green or with pinkish tinge Sepals 19-28 mm long; spikes cylindrical, rarely ovoid Sepals 15-19 mm long; spikes capitate to hemispherical or few-flowered Leaves < 1.5 mm wide, without sinuate margins (presumed extinct) Leaves 2-10 mm wide, with sinuate margins Branching subshrubs or perennial herbs with branching woody taproot; basal leaves narrow Annual or perennial herbs with fleshy taproot; basal leaves rarely narrow Sepals white; anthers pink; Western Australia Sepals pink; anthers yellow; South Australia Staminodes absent or obscure Staminodes prominent and coloured Staminodes pink; sepals 12-20 mm long Staminodes yellow; sepals 6.5-9.5 mm long Perennials Annuals Sepals, stamens and style very prominently upwardly curved; fertile stamens 4, the staminode conspicuous, to 17 mm long Sepals, stamens and style more or less straight, downwardly curving or not all prominently upwardly curved; all 5 stamens fertile or staminodes short and inconspicuous Sepals with hairs exceeding the apex Sepals with hairs not exceeding the apex Prostrate, creeping or ascending subshrub with stems arising from a rhizome; lacking a basal rosette of leaves; stems many, branching, not all terminating in an inflorescence Perennial herb with stems arising from a woody rootstock; basal rosette of leaves prominent; stems few to several, prostrately radiating, rarely branching, with an inflorescence terminating each stem Inflorescences becoming long-cylindrical; basal leaves distinctly spathulate Inflorescences mostly ovoid; basal leaves oblanceolate Plants with stems arising singly and scattered from a hairy rhizome Plants with multiple stems arising from a perennial rootstock Sepals white to green; bracts prominently sickle-shaped Sepals pink or magenta; bracts not sickle-shaped Flowering branches longer than the basal leaves; bracts 10-13.5 mm long; bracteole 13-15 mm long; outer sepals 17-28 mm long; anthers 1.0-1.2 mm long; style 4.0-6.5 mm long Basal leaves typically longer than flowering branches and overtopping the inflorescences; bracts 6.8-9.0 mm long; bracteole 6.2-11.5 mm long; outer sepals 9-14.5 mm long; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long; style 1.4-3.5 mm long Outer sepals at least 10 mm longer than inner sepals Outer and inner sepals similar in size Sepals with dorsal straight hairs, apex acute Sepals glabrous, apex truncate-serrate Ovary hairy Ovary glabrous Stems woody or basally woody Stems herbaceous Bracts longer than bracteoles Bracts shorter than bracteoles Leaves glabrous or glabrescent, in-curved, semi-succulent Leaves with persistent verticillate hairs, not as above Stems divaricately branching Stems with no pattern of branching, i.e. not divaricate Leaves < 1.6 mm wide, in fascicles Leaves > 3 mm wide, not in fascicles Stems glabrous; sepals 11-13 mm long Stems hairy; sepals 15-19 mm long Leaves glabrous Leaves with persistent verticillate hairs Staminodes sepal-like Staminodes not sepal-like Inner sepals without basal tuft of hairs inside Inner sepals with a prominent basal tuft of hairs inside Bracts longer than bracteoles Bracts shorter than bracteoles Leaves mostly glabrous Leaves with persistent villous indumentum Leaves with persistent verticillate hairs on adaxial surface to 2 mm long Leaves glabrous or glabrescent Sepal apex subspathulately dilated Sepal apex not subspathulately dilated Stems prostrate, few branching; flowers green Stems erect, tufted; flowers pink Sepals > 10 mm long; bracts and bracteoles 5-8.5 mm long; style 3-4 mm long Sepals < 11 mm long; bracts and bracteoles 3.5-5 mm long; style 1.6-2.2 mm long Stems woody or basally woody Stems herbaceous Leaves sessile or subsessile Leaves petiolate Stems prostrate, mat-forming; leaves crowded at the base of the stem Stems erect or ascending; leaves not crowded at the base of the stem Sepals > 8 mm long, apices rounded Sepals < 7 mm long, apices not rounded (presumed extinct) Inflorescences < 10-flowered Inflorescences 10-many-flowered Sepals < 10 mm long Sepals > 15 mm long Bracteole colour cream to white; sepals keeled at the base Bracteole colour straw to golden-brown; sepals not keeled at the base Stems and leaves pilose hairy Stems and leaves glabrous Sepals with short hairs to the apex Sepal apex glabrous for 0.5-5 mm of sepal length Glabrous portion of outer sepal apices 3-5 mm long; bracts more or less equal in length to bracteoles; style 6-10 mm long Glabrous portion of outer sepal apices 1-2 mm long; bracts shorter than bracteoles; style 4-5.5 mm long Fertile stamen 1 Fertile stamens 2 Adaxial surface of inner sepals with a basal tuft of hairs Adaxial surface of inner sepals more or less glabrous Leaves thick, semi-succulent to succulent; flowers green or with tinge of pink or red; sepals with short, appressed hairs on abaxial surface Leaves flat, not semi-succulent or succulent; flowers pink to purple; sepals with long, spreading hairs on abaxial surface Inflorescences with flowers loosely arranged on the rachis, narrowly cylindrical to rod-like, >= 60 mm long; bracts and bracteoles with blackened appearance; outer sepals < 4.5 mm long, apex margins broad and truncate and glabrous for > 20% of sepal surface; inner sepals < 4.3 mm long Inflorescences with flowers tightly arranged on the rachis, ovoid to cylindrical, < 50 mm long; bracts and bracteoles brown or straw-coloured, fading with age; outer sepals > 5.0 mm long, apex margins folded to appear acute or rounded and glabrous for < 20% of sepal surface; inner sepals > 4.5 mm long Flowering stems 15-25(-50) mm long; bracts < 4 mm long, nearly < 0.5 mm longer than bracteoles, tip tapering to ~0.3 mm point; bracteoles < 3.4 mm long, tip tapering to ~0.5 mm point; style < 4.1 mm long, deeply sinuate and dark pink or reddish at apex Flowering stem 50-150 mm long; bracts ≥ 5 mm long, > 1 mm longer than bracteoles, tip tapering to ~1 mm point; bracteoles > 3.7 mm long, tip tapering to ~1 mm point; style > 4.2 mm long, straight to slightly wavy, cream-coloured throughout Bracts 6.0-6.5 mm long; bracteoles 4.7-5.0 mm long; sepal apex colour yellow-green; inner surface of inner sepals with woolly hairs ~1 mm long; staminal filaments < 3 mm long; stigma sitting > 1 mm higher than anthers at anthesis; anthers red Bracts 5.0-5.6 mm long; bracteoles 3.8-4.0 mm long; sepal apex colour ferruginous or red; inner surface of inner sepals with woolly hairs ~1.5 mm long; staminal filaments > 3.5 mm long, stigma at more or less the same height as anthers at anthesis; anthers cream Plants decumbent; bracts 1.8-4.5 mm long; bracteoles 3-5 mm long Plants prostrate; bracts 5.3-6 mm long; bracteoles 5.4-6.3 mm long Sepals with uncinate (hooked) apices Sepals without uncinate (hooked) apices Staminodes conspicuous, c. 2 mm long Staminodes minute or absent Bracts 4-5.7 mm long Bracts 6.5-7 mm long