1 "Fruit a leathery or fleshy berry, rarely drupe-like; leaves opposite" 2 1 "Fruit usually dry, mostly a dehiscent capsule, occasionally leathery or fleshy (if so, then leaves always alternate); leaves opposite or alternate" 18 2 "Mangroves; flowers and fruit with eight, ± undifferentiated perianth segment" "Osbornia {Osbornia octodonta}" 2 "Non-mangroves; sepals and petals distinct (occasionally calyptrate)" 3 3 "Cotyledons thick, plano-convex or fused into a mass; hypocotyl usually shorter than cotyledons" 4 3 "Cotyledons submembranous, never fused into a mass; hypocotyl as long as or longer than cotyledons" 5 4 "Inflorescences usually terminal (sometimes ramior cauliflorous), often paniculate; young shoots and flowers usually glabrous" Syzygium 4 "Inflorescences usually axillary, dichasial or raceme-like or flowers solitary; young shoots and flowers often pubescent" Eugenia 5 "Testa nearly always membranous or cartilaginous; hypocotyl swollen, much wider than the small cotyledons" Pilidiostigma 5 "Testa nearly always hard, often bony; hypocotyl not swollen, as wide as or only slightly wider than the cotyledons (rarely narrower)" 6 6 "Testa dull or rough; sepals partly to fully fused" Psidium 6 "Testa generally lustrous and smooth; sepals distinct or partly fused" 7 7 "Flowers nodding; anthers elongate or sagittate" Uromyrtus 7 "Flowers erect; anthers not conspicuously elongate" 8 8 "Seeds horizontal, separated by false horizontal septa; stigma capitate" 9 8 "Seeds not separated by false septa; stigma capitate, slightly dilated or narrow" 10 9 "Branchlets glabrous" "Archirhodomyrtus {Archirhodomyrtus beckleri}" 9 "Branchlets tomentose" Rhodomyrtus 10 "Leaves distinctly triplinerved" Rhodamnia 10 "Leaves usually pinnately nerved" 11 11 "Seeds ± fused into an endocarp-like structure" Lithomyrtus 11 "Seeds free, embedded in fleshy tissue" 12 12 "Flowers regularly 4-merous" 13 12 "Flowers mostly 5-merous" 14 13 "Placenta ± apical or subapical" Lenwebbia 13 "Placenta ± axile" Gossia 14 "Stigma capitate" 15 14 "Stigma narrow or only slightly dilated" 16 15 "Ovary 4-5(-8)-locular; ovules 2 per locule; seeds oriented vertically, in each locule in the fruit, held together by a membrane" Decaspermum 15 "Ovary 2-3-locular; ovules 10 or more per loculus, biseriate; seeds oriented horizontally in the fruit, not held together by a membrane" "Archirhodomyrtus {Archirhodomyrtus beckleri}" 16 "Inflorescence of triads, metabotryoids or monads in bracteate short shoots" Gossia 16 "Inflorescence of monads" 17 17 "Mature fruit black" "Myrtus {Myrtus communis}" 17 "Mature fruit not black" Austromyrtus 18 "Embryo with cotyledons equal to or longer than the hypocotyl; ovary 2-5(-11)-locular; trees or shrubs" 19 18 "Embryo with cotyledons much smaller than the hypocotyl; ovary 1-3-locular; shrubs or subshrubs (Chamelaucieae)" 60 19 "Flowers and fruits with five main veins in the hypanthium" Metrosideros 19 "Flowers and fruits with numerous veins in the hypanthium" 20 20 "Ovulodes present (Eucalypteae)" 21 20 "Ovulodes usually absent (if present, then placentation apical)" 25 21 "Ovary 2-locular" 22 21 "Ovary usually 3-5-locular" 23 22 "Leaves opposite" "Stockwellia {Stockwellia quadrifida}" 22 "Leaves whorled" "Allosyncarpia {Allosyncarpia ternata}" 23 "Adult leaves opposite; perianth free" Angophora 23 "Adult leaves mostly alternate; flowers calyptrate" 24 24 "Inflorescences much-branched;" Corymbia 24 "Inflorescences condensed; bristle-glands absent; oil ducts absent" Eucalyptus 25 "Oil ducts present in the pith of petioles and other axes" 26 25 "Oil ducts absent from pith (oil glands sometimes present)" 29 26 "Oil ducts few and large, restricted to the pith" "Lindsayomyrtus {Lindsayomyrtus racemoides}" 26 "Oil ducts small and numerous, occurring in both the pith and the cortex" 27 27 "Infructescence syncarpous" Syncarpia 27 "Fruits free from each other" 28 28 "Fruit conical; placentas apical; seeds winged" "Welchiodendron {Welchiodendron longivalve}" 28 "Fruit not conical; placentas axile; seeds linear" Lophostemon 29 "Seeds semi-discoid usually borne on a rod-like placenta; fruit a ± spherical capsule" Xanthostemon 29 "Seeds rarely semi-discoid, placenta not rod-like; fruit globular, ovoid, ellipsoid or conical" 30 30 "Inflorescences pedunculate; flowers usually pedicellate" 31 30 "Inflorescences not pedunculate; flowers sessile or pedicellate (usually shortly)" 40 31 "Fruit indehiscent; ovary usually only 2-locular" 32 31 "Fruit dehiscent; ovary 2-3(4)-locular" 33 32 "Ovary half inferior to almost superior; plants hairy" Backhousia 32 "Ovary inferior; plant glabrous" Anetholea 33 "Leaves opposite or irregularly ternate" 34 33 "Leaves alternate" 38 34 "Seeds numerous, small and narrow" 35 34 "Seeds few (mostly 1-3), large, ovoid to angular" 37 35 "Placentation basal" "Lysicarpus {Lysicarpus angustifolius}" 35 "Placentation axile" 36 36 "Stamens fused in erect bundles opposite the petals" "Tristania {Tristania neriifolia}" 36 "Stamens free" "Thaleropia {Thaleropia queenslandica}" 37 "Capsule exserted; seed solitary" "Barongia {Barongia lophandra}" 37 "Capsule included; seeds 1-3" Sphaerantia 38 "Placentas axile to apical; stamens usually fused into short fascicles; seeds often winged" Tristaniopsis 38 "Placentas basal; stamens distinct but sometimes grouped; seeds ovoid, not winged" 39 39 "Ovary 3-locular; capsule rounded, valves strongly lignified" Ristantia 39 "Ovary 2-locular; capsule conical, valves lightly lignified" "Mitrantia {Mitrantia bilocularis}" 40 "Anthers dorsifixed, versatile or subversatile" 41 40 "Anthers erect and basifixed, immobile" 55 41 "Stamens not grouped, distinct (rarely fused into a short tube at the base)" 42 41 "Stamens clustered or fused into distinct bundles (rarely fused into a tube)" 51 42 "Flowers solitary or in loose clusters or heads" 43 42 "Flowers in spike-like inflorescences" 50 43 "Flowers ± sessile in dense heads" 44 43 "Flowers usually pedicellate, solitary or in loose clusters" 46 44 "Stamens fused into a ring at the base" Asteromyrtus 44 "Stamens free" 45 45 "Stamens 10 (rarely fewer), one opposite each sepal and petal" Taxandria 45 "Stamens in groups opposite the sepals, none oppo site the petals" Agonis 46 "Hypanthium relatively deep; stamens rarely shorter than petals" Kunzea 46 "Hypanthium shallow; stamens shorter than petals" 47 47 "Seeds numerous, narrowly obovoid to cuneate or linear" Leptospermum 47 "Seeds few, usually 1-2 per loculus, compressed, often shortly winged" 48 48 "Fruit 4-angled" "Homalospermum {Homalospermum firmum}" 48 "Fruit not angular" 49 49 "Branching dichotomous; ovules spreading to pendulous" Pericalymma 49 "Branching not dichotomous; ovules erect" "Paragonis {Paragonis grandiflora}" 50 "Sepals persistent" Kunzea 50 "Sepals caducous" Callistemon 51 "Ovules two per loculus" Conothamnus 51 "Ovules several per loculus" 52 52 "Stamen bundles fused into a tube" Lamarchea 52 "Stamens in separate bundles" 53 53 "Ovules mostly four per loculus, collateral in superposed pairs" "Petraeomyrtus {Petraeomyrtus punicea}" 53 "Ovules usually more numerous, scattered" 54 54 "Flowers and fruits in a globular head; staminal bundles joined in a ring at base; hypanthium usually circumscissile" Asteromyrtus 54 "Flowers and fruits in spikes, heads or clusters; staminal bundles free from each other; hypanthium persistent" Melaleuca 55 "Stamens shorter than petals; ovary 5-12-locular; seeds winged" Neofabricia 55 "Stamens exceeding petals; ovary 3-locular; seeds not winged" 56 56 "Stamens in distinct bundles with relatively long claws" 57 56 "Stamens distinct and grouped, or in bundles with short, broad claws" 59 57 "Anthers opening by longitudinal slits" Calothamnus 57 "Anthers opening by ± terminal slits or pores" 58 58 "Ovules solitary in each loculus; anthers opening by transverse slits" Beaufortia 58 "Ovules 2 or more per loculus; anthers opening by pores or lateral slits" Regelia 59 "Flowers in dense heads; anthers opening by transverse slits" Phymatocarpus 59 "Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-5; anthers opening by lateral, longitudinal slits" Eremaea 60 "Ovary 2-3-locular; fruit usually dehiscent" 61 60 "Ovary 1-locular; fruit indehiscent" 76 61 "Hypanthium elongated, urceolate" "Balaustion {Balaustion pulcherrimum}" 61 "Hypanthium shallow" 62 62 "Seeds reniform" 63 62 "Seeds discoid or angular" 68 63 "Stamens with slender filaments, distinct or slightly united at the base" 64 63 "Stamens with broad, ± flat filaments, distinct or fused" 67 64 "Stamens >20; flowers usually ± sessile" Hypocalymma 64 "Stamens fewer than 20; flowers pedicellate" 65 65 "Seeds arillate; ovules 2 per loculus" Ochrosperma 65 "Seeds not arillate; ovules 4 or more per loculus" 66 66 "Prophylls persistent; some stamens opposite centre of petals" Euryomyrtus 66 "Prophylls caducous; no stamens opposite centre of petals" Triplarina 67 "Stamens 10, ± free from each other" Rinzia 67 "Stamens 10-20, fused into groups or a ring" Cyathostemon 68 "Stamens grouped into 5 bundles opposite the sepals" Astartea 68 "Stamens separate, not grouped" 69 69 "Anthers adnate, dehiscing by pores or short, oblique slits" 70 69 "Anthers basifixed, dehiscing by long slits" 74 70 "Inflorescence usually of solitary flowers" 71 70 "Inflorescence usually of (2-)3 or more flowers" 72 71 "Sepals with a dorsal lobe ('compound'); capsule apex convex" Kardomia 71 "Sepals simple, obtuse; capsule apex ± flat" Harmogia 72 "Fruits indehiscent" Scholtzia 72 "Fruits dehiscent" 73 73 "Peduncles very short; anthers dehiscing by terminal pores" Babingtonia 73 "Peduncles long; anthers dehiscing by short slits" Sannantha 74 "Inflorescence many-flowered" "Stenostegia {Stenostegia congesta}" 74 "Inflorescence usually of solitary flowers" 75 75 "Hypanthium ribbed when dry; seeds reniform" Astus 75 "Hypanthium smooth; seeds discoid to cuboid" Baeckea 76 "Stamens 8; flowers 4-merous, crowded into daisy like heads" Actinodium 76 "Stamens 5 or more, flowers 5-merous, usually axillary, rarely in bracteate heads" 77 77 "Fertile stamens 10 (rarely fewer), alternating with staminodes; or stamens 20, dimorphic" 78 77 "Stamens usually all fertile, uniform, staminodes absent" 82 78 "Sepals deeply bilobed; stamens dimorphic" Pileanthus 78 "Sepals not deeply bilobed; staminodes present" 79 79 "Sepals entire to shortly ciliate or erose" 80 79 "Sepals with a single slender projection from the tip or divided into plumose or linear lobes" 81 80 "Style much longer than the petals" Darwinia 80 "Style not exceeding the petals" Chamelaucium 81 "Sepals with a single slender projection or 2-12 linear divisions; petals entire to erose; ovules in 2 longitudinal rows" Homoranthus 81 "Sepals divided into plumose segments or numerous hair-like divisions; petals often ciliate; ovules in a single row" Verticordia 82 "Stamens numerous, usually >15 (if fewer, then sepal with a long awn); leaves usually alternate (very rarely opposite or whorled); stipules often present, very small" 83 82 "Stamens mostly up to 10 (rarely to 30); leaves opposite; stipules absent" 84 83 "Embryo straight; sepals often awned" Calytrix 83 "Embryo with narrow, curved apex; sepals usually obtuse, scarious" Homalocalyx 84 "Staminal filaments geniculate" Malleostemon 84 "Staminal filaments not geniculate" 85 85 "Anthers opening by a single pore, bearing a stalked appendage" "Corynanthera {Corynanthera flava}" 85 "Anthers opening by a 2 pores or slits" 86 86 "Hypanthium ± cylindrical; ovules borne apically" Micromyrtus 86 "Hypanthium obconical or urceolate; ovules basal" 87 87 "Connective gland clavate, as large as the anther cell, directed towards the outside of the flower" Aluta 87 "Connective gland truncate, about half the length of the anther cell, directed towards the inside of the flower" Thryptomene