1	"Leaves deeply divided [mericarps 8–11, glabrous; SW WA]"	"Sida hookeriana"
1	"Leaves entire, not divided"	2
2	"Calyx 10-ribbed at base [S. acuta Burm.f., S. cordifolia L., S. pusilla Cav., S. rhombifolia L., S. rohlenae Domin, S. spinosa L., S. subcordata Span.]"	"Sida sect. Sida"
2	"Calyx sometimes ribbed, but not 10-ribbed at base"	3
3	"Plants with lepidote scales"	4
3	"Plants lacking lepidote scales"	5
4	"Mericarps 13–15, glabrous [disjunct specimens of this Qld species have been found in WA in the Sturt Creek area]"	"Sida spenceriana"
4	"Mericarps 7–9, pubescent [the hairs on one of the forms of S. trichopoda sometimes approach the lepidote condition; as with S. spenceriana they usually occur in black cracking clay areas in northern WA]"	"Sida trichopoda"
5	"Calyx 16–30-ribbed; mericarps 13–26, remaining fused together in a ring and still present at the base of new plants [widespread, central Australia]"	"Sida platycalyx"
5	"Calyx not ribbed; mericarps less than 13 or if more, eventually dissociating from each other"	6
6	"Calyx remaining closed in flower and fruit"	7
6	"Calyx not closed over flower or fruit although sometimes longer than them"	8
7	"Flowers 1or 2 per axil; calyx very inflated in fruit, balloon-like; mericarps 10–12, pubescent; stamens 10–20 [Kimberley]"	"Sida cleisocalyx"
7	"Flowers 4 or 5 per axil; calyx not markedly inflated in fruit; mericarps 7–9, glabrous; stamens 10 [Kimberley]"	"Sida sp. Walhallow Station (C.Edgoose 28/Oct/94)"
8	"Calyx much inflated in fruit, membranous or papery"	9
8	"Calyx often larger in fruit but not membranous or papery"	13
9	"Calyx 15–25 mm long; mericarps 10–17, glabrous; flowers bisexual [Hamersley Ranges to Meekatharra]"	"Sida brownii"
9	"Calyx 5–15 mm long; mericarps 6–8, glabrous or pubescent; flowers unisexual and/or bisexual on one plant"	10
10	"Fruits pubescent, mericarps not all equally developed; flowers usually male or female on one bush"	11
10	"Fruits glabrous or sparsely glandular puberulent, mericarps all equally developed; flowers always bisexual"	12
11	"Flowers 7–11 mm diameter; stamens and stigmas exserted [mostly in the Murchison]"	"Sida ectogama"
11	"Flowers 20–28 mm diameter; stamens and stigmas included [SW Qld]"	"Sida asterocalyx"
12	"Calyx lobes not yellow, dark in colour because of stellate hair colour; mericarps 5, glandular puberulent; corolla lobes often ciliate whole length [Pilbara through to Eyre Peninsula in SA]"	"Sida calyxhymenia"
12	"Calyx lobes yellow; mericarps usually 5 and glabrous, rarely 7 or 8 and with glandular puberulence; corolla lobes ciliate only on claw [Pilbara]"	"Sida clementii"
13	"Mericarps spiny"	14
13	"Mericarps not spiny, but sometimes corrugated"	16
14	"Free part of calyx lobes 10–14 mm long in fruit, 5–7 mm in flower; mericarps 11–14, glabrous [predominantly in Pilbara with occasional specimens across to NT and one specimen from NT]"	"Sida echinocarpa"
14	"Free part of calyx lobes up to 6 mm long in fruit, 3–4.5 mm in flower; mericarps 9–12, pubescent or puberulent"	15
15	"Calyx lobes truncate; mericarps 9 or 10, puberulent; shrub [Pilbara]"	"Sida arsiniata"
15	"Calyx lobes acute; mericarps 11 or 12, pubescent; prostrate creeper to decumbent shrub [Cape Range to Geraldton]"	"Sida kingii"
16	"Mericarp number 10 or more"	17
16	"Mericarp number less than 10"	20
17	"Mericarps glabrous or with glandular puberulence [calyx lobes with 3–5 longitudinal lines, far exceeding fruit, c. 15–18 mm long; Carnarvon area]"	"Sida sp. Carnarvon (P.S. Short 2492)"
17	"Mericarps pubescent"	18
18	"Pedicel exceeding subtending leaf [mericarps 9–10; NT, Qld and Nicholson Stn in WA]"	"Sida sp. Supplejack Station (T.S. Henshall 2345)"
18	"Pedicel less than subtending leaf"	19
19	"Mericarps 6–10, deeply corrugated; buds often 5-angled [some specimens from Cape Range and Dirk Hartog Island have been referred here in the past, but it is likely that true S. corrugata does not occur in WA; it is widespread in SE Australia]"	"Sida corrugata"
19	"Mericarps 9–13, coarsely wrinkled; buds not 5-angled [Kimberley]"	"Sida brachypoda"
20	"Mericarp number less than 5; flowers clustered"	21
20	"Mericarp number 5–9; flowers clustered or not"	22
21	"Venation obscure; basal branches lacking leaves, black [Petermann Ranges]"	"Sida sp. Petermann Ranges (B.G. Thomson 2340)"
21	"Venation obvious; basal branches leafy, not black [central Australia]"	"Sida cardiophylla"
22	"Mericarps glabrous or sparingly glandular puberulent"	23
22	"Mericarps pubescent"	38
23	"Mericarp number always 5"	24
23	"Mericarp number 5–9, if 5 then variable on bush"	30
24	"Plant glabrescent, prostrate; fruit rounded, very thin-walled, smooth [leaves tiny, 2–28 × 3–7 mm; mericarps glabrous or puberulent]"	"Sida sp. tiny glabrous fruit (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1152)"
24	"Plant not glabrescent, prostrate or not; fruit with raised apex, not thin-walled, usually at least partly with reticulate markings on dorsal surface"	25
25	"Corolla lobes ciliate over whole length; calyx lobes thinner and inflated in fruit, appearing dark in colour because of stellate hair colour; mericarps puberulent [Pilbara, S to Eyre Peninsula in SA]"	"Sida calyxhymenia"
25	"Corolla lobes ciliate only on claw; calyx lobes not thinner although they may be larger in fruit, not dark-coloured; mericarps glabrous or puberulent"	26
26	"Pedicel very slender, exceeding subtending leaf; mericarps puberulent [Kimberley]"	"Sida macropoda complex"
26	"Pedicel not excessively slender, less than subtending leaf; mericarps glabrous"	27
27	"Calyx lobes not exceeding fruit"	28
27	"Calyx lobes exceeding fruit"	29
28	"Fruits dark green; mericarps not or hardly grooved at apex; plants of limestone areas [southern Australia]"	"Sida spodochroma"
28	"Fruits dark brown; mericarps deeply grooved at apex; plants of sandy areas [occurrence in WA in need of confirmation]"	"Sida ammophila"
29	"Calyx lobes not 5-angled in bud; dense shrub to 80 cm high; leaves obovate, broadly obovate or circular [Pilbara]"	"Sida sp. Pilbara (A.A. Mitchell PRP1543)"
29	"Calyx lobes 5-angled in bud; spindly shrub up to 3 m high; leaves narrowly oblong to ovate [southern Kimberley to Pilbara]"	"Sida arenicola"
30	"Pedicel exceeding subtending leaf"	31
30	"Pedicel less than subtending leaf"	34
31	"Leaves with glandular puberulence mixed with rest of hair covering [pedicels 15–25 mm long, also with some glandular puberulence; drier areas, central WA]"	"Sida sp. Excedentifolia (J.L. Egan 1925)"
31	"Leaves lacking glandular puberulence"	32
32	"Fruit dark green, often with glistening wart-like glands on outer surface [plant prostrate or sprawling, with noticeably black pedicels in WA populations; Pilbara to Alice Springs]"	"Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) p.p."
32	"Fruit glabrous or with glandular puberulence, lacking wart-like glands [plant erect]"	33
33	"Shrub to 75 cm high; leaves 6–20 mm long; pedicel 14–20 mm long in fruit [stony hills in drier areas south of the Pilbara]"	"Sida sp. Golden calyces glabrous fruit1 (H.N. Foote 32)"
33	"Shrub to 200 cm high; leaves 50–90 mm long; pedicel 20–40 mm long in fruit [Kimberley]"	"Sida macropoda complex"
34	"Petals 7–10 mm long; buds noticeably acute or acuminate [mericarps 7 or 8, aging to dark-brown, glabrous; foliage with a felted appearance; rounded shrubs in skeletal soils of cliff faces of Barlee Range to Tom Price in Pilbara]"	"Sida sp. Barlee Range (S. van Leeuwen 1642)"
34	"Petals less than 7 mm long; buds not noticeably acute or acuminate [mericarps not dark brown or if so, with verrucose glands]"	35
35	"Fruits dark brown with verrucose glands on outer surface [erect shrubs; mericarps 6 or 7; predominantly known from NT populations but occasional specimens from Wiluna and Halls Creek regions of WA suggesting a wider distribution]"	"Sida sp. Wakaya Desert (P.K. Latz 11894)"
35	"Fruits dark-coloured, usually dark-green, with or without verrucose glands, but if these are present the plants are prostrate and with very long pedicels"	36
36	"Fruits with 5 or 6 mericarps, glabrous; small blue-grey shrubs [limestone areas, southern Australia]"	"Sida spodochroma"
36	"Fruits with 6–10 mericarps, glandular puberulent or with verrucose glands; plants not blue-grey"	37
37	"Spreading shrub; leaves narrowly-oblong, dark green and velvety above, apically truncate; mericarps 7 or 8(–10), sparingly glandular puberulent [Pilbara, Murchison River, Geraldton, inland to SA border]"	"Sida sp. dark green fruits (S. van Leeuwen 2260)"
37	"Prostrate or sprawling plants; leaves ovate or oblong, yellowish green above, apically rounded or acute; mericarps 6 or 7, covered with rounded verrucose glands [Pilbara south to Kalgoorlie, inland to SA border and Alice Springs]"	"Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423)"
38	"Mericarps always 5 per fruit"	39
38	"Mericarps variable, 5–10 per fruit"	48
39	"Calyx inflated in fruit; flowers unisexual; stamens and style exserted; fruits with mericarps often developing unequally [spindly shrubs always growing under other vegetation; predominantly found in the Murchison]"	"Sida ectogama"
39	"Calyx not markedly inflated in fruit; flowers in the main bisexual; stamens and style included (if flowers unisexual and style exserted, inflorescence paniculate); fruits with mericarps developing equally"	40
40	"Calyx lobes exceeding fruit [buds 5-angled above]"	41
40	"Calyx lobes not exceeding fruit"	43
41	"Fruit very thin-walled, fragile mericarps; flowers solitary or paired in axils; leaves up to 25 mm long [red sand, usually associated with spinifex, also in pindan vegetation of Dampierland; WA, NT, NSW]"	"Sida sp. B Kimberley Flora (A.A. Mitchell 2745)"
41	"Fruit with robust mericarps; flowers clustered in axils; leaves up to 65 mm long"	42
42	"Stipules with glandular puberulence; pedicel 9–15 mm long, articulated in upper half; flower clusters erect [rocky hills, central Australia]"	"Sida phaeotricha"
42	"Stipules lacking glandular puberulence; pedicel 6–9 mm long, articulated in lower half; flower clusters pendent [sand dunes of central Australia, including deserts of WA]"	"Sida sp. sand dunes (A.A. Mitchell PRP1208)"
43	"Flowers in terminal leafless panicles; tall spindly shrubs [watersheds of the Pilbara, Gascoyne and Great Sandy Desert; there are at least 2 taxa]"	"Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90)"
43	"Flowers solitary, clustered, racemose or spicate, not paniculate; tall spindly shrubs or small spreading shrubs"	44
44	"Stipules glandular puberulent; pedicels 9–15 mm long; flowers clustered [central Australia]"	"Sida phaeotricha (cryphiopetala form)"
44	"Stipules not glandular puberulent; pedicels up to 8 mm long; flowers solitary, racemose or spicate"	45
45	"Fruit with a decided peak, robust; mericarps deeply grooved apically and exposing top of seed [small grey shrubs with narrow leaves, in sand; SA, Vic, NT]"	"Sida ammophila"
45	"Fruit not raised in centre, usually very thin-walled; mericarps not noticeably grooved apically, seed not exposed"	46
46	"Flowers subsessile, crowded in spikes [tropical coastal and river areas; WA, NT, Qld]"	"Sida hackettiana"
46	"Flowers pedicellate, solitary or racemose"	47
47	"Plants prostrate; leaves 10–25 mm long, narrowly ovate or oblong [leaf apex usually truncate; sand deserts from Hamersleys through to Simpson; WA, NT and SA]"	"Sida sp. Rabbit Flat (B.J. Carter 626)"
47	"Plants erect; leaves 3–9 mm long, ovate to sub-circular [southern Australia]"	"Sida intricata"
48	"Pedicel exceeding subtending leaf [look for fruiting pedicels]"	49
48	"Pedicel not exceeding subtending leaf"	53
49	"Pedicel glabrescent"	50
49	"Pedicel pubescent"	51
50	"Calyx, upper pedicel and mericarps lacking glandular puberulence; fruit not reticulately marked on dorsal surface, apically rounded, deeply groved between mericarps; mericarps never winged [black cracking clays, Kimberley]"	"Sida laevis"
50	"Calyx, upper pedicel and mericarps with glandular puberulence mixed with stellate hairs; fruit with reticulate markings on dorsal surface, flat-topped or with small central apex, not grooved between mericarps; mericarps with lateral wings or not [widespread in Australia; in WA associated with drainage lines of the Pilbara]"	"Sida trichopoda"
51	"Fruits with 8 or more mericarps [mericarps very corrugated and very densely and evenly pubescent; NT, Qld, and 2 WA collections from Nicholson and Karijini]"	"Sida sp. Supplejack Station (T.S. Henshall 2345)"
51	"Fruits with 6 or 7 mericarps"	52
52	"Fruit raised in centre, covered with non overlapping stellate hairs, lacking glandular puberulence [sand dunes; near junction of WA, SA and NT borders, occurring as far west as Newman and Wiluna, as far east as the George Gill Range area]"	"Sida sp. Golden calyces (G.J. Leach 1966)"
52	"Fruit flat, rounded, covered with overlapping stellate hairs mixed with glandular puberulence [sandstone; Kimberley and NT]"	"Sida macropoda complex"
53	"Calyx larger than fruit, spreading and not enclosing fruit; flowers unisexual"	54
53	"Calyx similar size to fruit, enclosing fruit, at least on base and sides; flowers unisexual or bisexual"	55
54	"Stamens and stigmas exserted; flowers 7–11 mm diameter [spindly shrubs always growing under other vegetation; predominantly found in the Murchison]"	"Sida ectogama"
54	"Stamens and stigmas included; flowers 20–28 mm diameter [SW Qld]"	"Sida asterocalyx"
55	"Flowers clustered in the axils"	56
55	"Flowers solitary, cymose or racemose"	60
56	"Leaves wider than long or ± circular"	57
56	"Leaves longer than wide"	58
57	"Flowers always bisexual, 1–9 per axil; pedicels 1.5–3.5 mm long [sand dunes; Carnarvon and Yalgoo]"	"Sida sp. Pindar (A.Mitchell 3585)"
57	"Flowers mostly unisexual, (1–)3–5 per axil; pedicels 2–8 mm long [older branches leafless and blackish; Petermann Ranges only, but with some outliers showing a tendency to this species]"	"Sida sp. Petermann Ranges (B.G. Thomson 2340) p.p."
58	"Fruits not raised in centre; mericarps 7 or 8; leaves narrowly-ovate [Kimberley]"	"Sida sp. Murray Springs (R.W.Johnson+ MRS919)"
58	"Fruits raised in centre; mericarps 5, or if 6 or 7 leaves ovate"	59
59	"Flowers in terminal, almost leafless, panicles; fruit rounded; corolla longer than calyx [watersheds of the Pilbara, Gascoyne and Great Sandy Desert; there are at least two taxa]"	"Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) p.p."
59	"Flowers in clusters in axils, each cluster subtended by a leaf; fruit conical; corolla shorter or similar length to calyx [sand dunes, central Australia]"	"Sida sp. sand dunes (A.A. Mitchell PRP1208)"
60	"Flowers cymose or racemose [fruits smooth or somewhat corrugated, 3.5–6.5 mm diameter, deeply grooved between mericarps; mericarps 7 or 8, ± entire at apex; widespread and variable across Australia, undoubtedly containing a number of entities]"	"Sida fibulifera"
60	"Flowers solitary"	61
61	"Spreading woody shrub; calyx exceeding fruit; corolla similar length to calyx; flowers often unisexual [Petermann Ranges only but with some outliers showing a tendency to this species]"	"Sida sp. Petermann Ranges (B.G.Thomson 2340) p.p."
61	"Herbs, often prostrate, sprawling, not markedly woody; calyx enclosing fruit base and sides, not exceeding it; corolla longer than calyx; flowers bisexual"	62
62	"Stipules lanceolate, 0.3–1.4 mm wide; buds 5-angled; leaves deeply crenate [some specimens from Cape Range and Dirk Hartog Island have been referred here in the past, but it is likely that true S. corrugata does not occur in WA]"	"Sida corrugata"
62	"Stipules filiform, to 0.2 mm wide; buds not 5-angled; leaves crenulate [Kimberley]"	"Sida brachypoda"