1	"Fruit with 5 horizontal wings surrounding upper perianth"	2
1	"Fruit with a single wing surrounding upper perianth; accessory wings on tube or upper perianth may also be present"	12
2	"Fruit with erect processes arising from upper perianth"	"Maireana lobiflora"
2	"Fruit without erect processes"	3
3	"Leaves slender, glabrous, spurred at base; wings pubescent with curled hairs"	"Maireana cheelii"
3	"Leaves various; wings hairy or glabrous"	4
4	"Leaves silky; fruit densely silky-lanate, c. 10 mm diam."	"Maireana eriantha"
4	"Leaves and fruit not as above"	5
5	"Flowers in pairs (tube of fruit flat or very shallow)"	6
5	"Flowers solitary (wings glabrous)"	8
6	"Wings densely woolly"	"Maireana scleroptera"
6	"Wings glabrous or almost so"	7
7	"Wings each deeply divided, pungent, woody"	"Maireana luehmannii"
7	"Wings neither deeply divided nor pungent"	"Maireana amoena"
8	"Wings small, imbricate, lunate, incurved or inflated on margins; slender perennial to 0.3 m high"	"Maireana enchylaenoides"
8	"Wings thin, obovate to fan-shaped"	9
9	"Two of the five wings smaller and sub-erect; leaves often opposite; plants usually dioecious"	"Maireana oppositifolia"
9	"Wings equal and horizontal; leaves alternate; flowers bisexual"	10
10	"Leaves slender, mostly 2–4 mm long, not attenuate at base, often hairy (wing simple if present)"	"Maireana microphylla"
10	"Leaves attenuate at base, glabrous"	11
11	"Leaves obovoid to terete, 1–5 mm long; flowers without bracteoles"	"Maireana brevifolia"
11	"Leaves on older branches slender-fusiform, to 15 mm long; flowers minutely bracteolate"	"Maireana diffusa"
12	"Fruit under 5 mm diam., densely silky-pilose; tube almost flat and continuous with narrow wing (small perennials)"	13
12	"Fruit including wing mostly over 5 mm diam. or if smaller not silky-pilose"	15
13	"Upper surface of fruit with an erect cup-shaped outgrowth"	"Maireana coronata"
13	"Fruit without such an outgrowth"	14
14	"Fruit 2.5–4 mm diam., the upper surface with a pentagonal-shaped ridge"	"Maireana pentagona"
14	"Fruit c. 4 mm diam., the upper surface with 5 narrow radial ridges extending from near centre to edge of wing"	"Maireana ciliata"
15	"Fruit enveloped in long dense wool"	16
15	"Fruit not enveloped in long wool"	17
16	"Fruit shortly pedicellate, the tube turbinate; flowers in vertical rows in dense spike"	"Maireana eriosphaera"
16	"Fruit sessile, the tube broadly hemispherical; flowers spirally arranged in dense spike"	"Maireana carnosa"
17	"Fruit glabrous with large rounded soft spongy tube; upper perianth flat"	18
17	"Fruit not with above characters combined"	19
18	"Branches with a pale fawn indumentum of dendritic hairs; leaves very slender, glaucous; horizontal wing not decurrent on tube"	"Maireana campanulata"
18	"Branches with a white woolly indumentum of simple hairs; leaves fleshy, narrowly terete or fusiform; horizontal wing attached to tube by a short decurrent wing"	"Maireana spongiocarpa"
19	"Tube of fruit with an expanded fleshy base; wing a narrow rim"	"Maireana marginata"
19	"Tube not expanded at base or the wing obvious"	20
20	"Vertical wings 3–5, rarely 1, on tube or above horizontal wing"	21
20	"No vertical wings on tube,"	26
21	"Fruit small, thin-walled, with 5 vertical radial wings above horizontal wing"	"Maireana dichoptera"
21	"Fruit thick-walled, the vertical wing or wings on tube"	22
22	"Plant glabrous or almost so"	"Maireana triptera"
22	"Plant hairy, at least on branches"	23
23	"Fruit with a basal horizontal wing, in addition to normal wing; leaves pubescent"	"Maireana polypterygia"
23	"Fruit without a basal wing; leaves glabrous or pubescent"	24
24	"Leaves villous; perianth lobes erect and longer than tube"	"Maireana schistocarpa"
24	"Leaves glabrous; perianth lobes not erect"	25
25	"Vertical wings running length of tube and united at apex with horizontal wing; perianth lobes prominently woolly-ciliate"	"Maireana erioclada"
25	"Vertical wings often present only towards base of tube; perianth lobes arched and prominently tomentose"	"Maireana pentatropis"
26	"Horizontal wing present at base of tube similar in size and additional to normal wing"	"Maireana polypterygia"
26	"No horizontal wing at base of tube which may however be expanded and hollow"	27
27	"Vertical processes present on upper perianth"	28
27	"No vertical processes above wing"	32
28	"Processes of numerous fine needle-like emergences"	"Maireana melanocoma"
28	"Processes 4–6, thick or subulate"	29
29	"Leaves very small and condensed into glomerules along branches"	"Maireana glomerifolia"
29	"Leaves well-developed"	30
30	"Fruit woolly all over; leaves acute, silky"	"Maireana lanosa"
30	"Fruit glabrous or almost so; leaves not silky"	31
31	"Leaves sparsely pubescent, succulent, usually rounded at apex (divaricately branched sub-shrub)"	"Maireana atkinsiana"
31	"Leaves glabrous, narrow, acute; branches erect"	"Maireana prosthecochaeta"
32	"Plant glabrous (apart from axillary tufts of wool); slender lax plants"	33
32	"Plant variously hairy"	37
33	"Upper perianth convex; wing of mature fruit 8–15 mm diam."	34
33	"Upper perianth flat; wing 10 mm or less in diam."	35
34	"Leaves narrowly fusiform, basally attached; fruit to 15 mm diam., dark-coloured when dry"	"Maireana thesioides"
34	"Leaves semiterete, shortly spurred at base; fruit c. 8 mm diam., straw-coloured when dry"	"Maireana aphylla"
35	"Leaves slender-fusiform on flowering branches; flowers minutely bracteolate"	"Maireana suaedifolia"
35	"Leaves terete; flowers ebracteolate"	36
36	"Leaves not fleshy; stem sparsely hairy with short straight appressed hairs"	"Maireana microphylla"
36	"Leaves fleshy; stem sparsely hairy with short woolly hairs"	"Maireana decalvans"
37	"Leaves opposite; tube patelliform or flat"	38
37	"Leaves all or mostly scattered"	39
38	"Leaves narrowed at base; wing mostly 15–23 mm diam."	"Maireana platycarpa"
38	"Leaves sessile by a broad base, the apex recurved; wing c. 6 mm diam."	"Maireana cannonii"
39	"Style hard and prominently protruding in fruit; tube patelliform or flat"	"Maireana platycarpa"
39	"Not as above (usually only stigmas exerted)"	40
40	"Wing of fruit glabrous"	41
40	"Wing of fruit pubescent above"	68
41	"Upper perianth flat or slightly concave or convex"	42
41	"Upper perianth columnar in form with large erect lobes"	67
42	"Tube of fruit abruptly narrowed at base into a prominent terete stipe usually 2–3 mm long"	43
42	"Tube not narrowed into a prominent terete stipe"	45
43	"Upper perianth convex, open in centre to expose utricle"	"Maireana aphylla"
43	"Upper perianth flat or slightly sunken, completely covering utricle"	44
44	"Hairs on leaves dendritic (i.e. with short lateral branches); stipe of fruit papillose, solid"	"Maireana stipitata"
44	"Hairs on leaves simple; stipe smooth, hollow"	"Maireana appressa"
45	"Tube expanded into a hollow spongy base (perennial herb)"	"Maireana excavata"
45	"Tube not or scarcely expanded at base"	46
46	"Wing of fruit with a radial (radicular) slit"	47
46	"Wing of fruit continuous i.e. without a radial slit; leaves semiterete"	64
47	"Leaves, branches, and flowers closely tomentose with branched hairs; leaves obovoid; tube and convex upper perianth of fruit pubescent"	"Maireana astrotricha"
47	"Leaves and branches with simple hairs or glabrous"	48
48	"Fruit large, the wing c. 15 mm diam. or more; tube thick-walled, turbinate"	49
48	"Fruit with wing 5–14 mm diam., the tube not thick-walled"	51
49	"Upper perianth flat, glabrous except woolly margin to lobes"	"Maireana georgei"
49	"Upper perianth convex, pubescent"	50
50	"Wing to 15 mm diam.; leaves linear to narrowly terete, acute, 10–20 mm long"	"Maireana convexa"
50	"Wing to 25 mm diam.; leaves oblong-obcuneate, very thick, c. 20 mm long"	"Maireana murrayana"
51	"Tube of fruit pubescent; upper perianth flat; leaves obovoid, fleshy"	"Maireana sedifolia"
51	"Tube of fruit glabrous; leaves various"	52
52	"Leaves flattened, linear to obovate"	53
52	"Leaves terete, semiterete, or obovoid"	54
53	"Leaves linear, appressed-villous; upper perianth glabrous; wing with radial anastomosing veins"	"Maireana villosa"
53	"Leaves narrowly to broadly obovate, pubescent with curled hairs; upper perianth pubescent; wing without obvious nervation"	"Maireana planifolia"
54	"Fruit produced into a short terete hollow stipe at base, straw-coloured when dry"	55
54	"Fruit without a stipe-like base"	56
55	"Open divaricately-branched shrub; branches striate and often spinescent; upper perianth convex and open in centre"	"Maireana aphylla"
55	"Branches ascending, neither spinescent nor striate; upper perianth flat or sunken and completely covering utricle"	"Maireana appressa"
56	"Upper perianth with a convex disc, open in centre, wing not prominently crenulate"	57
56	"Upper perianth flat, concave, or if convex then closed in centre"	58
57	"Stem striate; leaves sessile, woolly to glabrescent"	"Maireana aphylla"
57	"Stem not obviously striate, leaves narrowed at base, glabrous"	"Maireana rohrlachii"
58	"Upper perianth tomentose; wing with fine but obvious radiating nerves"	"Maireana radiata"
58	"Fruit glabrous or sparsely villous"	59
59	"Branches sparsely strigose or sparsely villous (or somewhat woolly when very young); leaves slender, 2–4 mm long; wing of fruit crenulate; flowers in dense spikes"	"Maireana microphylla"
59	"Branches tomentose at least on young parts, rarely glabrous; flowers not in dense spikes"	60
60	"Leaves tomentose"	61
60	"Leaves glabrous or sparsely villous; fruit brown when dry"	62
61	"Fruit straw-coloured when dry and with a short hollow stipe"	"Maireana appressa"
61	"Fruit almost black when dry, no stipe present"	"Maireana melanocarpa"
62	"Upper perianth closed in centre; tube firm"	"Maireana microcarpa"
62	"Upper perianth open in centre (exposing utricle); tube weak"	63
63	"Wing 11–16 mm diam., often undulate"	"Maireana rohrlachii"
63	"Wing c. 8 mm diam., flat"	"Maireana decalvans"
64	"Fruit large, the wing c. 15 mm diam.; tube turbinate, smooth"	"Maireana turbinata"
64	"Fruit small, the wing 11 mm or less in diam.; tube hemispherical to cupular"	65
65	"Leaves 2–5 mm long, appressed on younger branches; wing 4–6 mm diam."	"Maireana ovata"
65	"Leaves over 5 mm long, spreading; wing usually 8–10 mm diam."	66
66	"Upper perianth pubescent"	"Maireana integra"
66	"Upper perianth glabrous or almost so except ciliate lobes"	"Maireana tomentosa"
67	"Leaves 2–6 mm long, shortly pubescent; no vertical wings on tube"	"Maireana pyramidata"
67	"Leaves 5–12 mm long, appressed-villous; tube with a narrow vertical wing"	"Maireana schistocarpa"
68	"Upper perianth erect and columnar"	"Maireana schistocarpa"
68	"Upper perianth not erect"	69
69	"Wing 15–25 mm diam., the tube turbinate, base not expanded; leaves very thick and fleshy, c. 20 mm long"	"Maireana murrayana"
69	"Wing up to 10 mm diam."	70
70	"Perianth tube thin-walled, the base expanded into a hollow stipe; leaves semiterete, c. 10 mm long"	"Maireana trichoptera"
70	"Perianth tube with a hard boss-like base; leaves elliptic to narrowly obovate, mostly 7–12 mm long"	"Maireana humillima"