1 "Leaves opposite or in whorls or whorl-like arrangements" 2 1 "Leaves alternate" 7 2 "Fruit shed at maturity, either indehiscent or a late-opening leathery spherical follicle" 3 2 "Fruit persistent on the plant for at least several years, follicular, woody or cartilaginous" 5 3 "Flowers solitary or in clusters in the axils of leaves (or scale leaves); style neither swollen nor acting as a pollen presenter" Persoonia 3 "Flowers in regular pairs on a stem; style tip swollen to form a pollen presenter" 4 4 "Perianth irregular; pericarp red to purple or blue" Triunia 4 "Perianth regular; pericarp leathery or hard, green, brown or grey" Macadamia 5 "Flowers solitary or in a head of 7 flowers with conspicuous basal scales; fruit beaked and often bearing horns or spines" Lambertia 5 "Flowers not consistently of 1 or 7 flowers and lacking an involucre; fruits without beaks, horns or spines" 6 6 "Flowers in a cluster without a woody common stalk; follicle symmetrical, ellipsoid to pear-shaped" Xylomelum 6 "Flowers borne in a woody, cone-like structure; follicle compressed" Banksia 7 "Leaves dividing dichotomously" Stirlingia 7 "Leaves entire, or with toothed margins, pinnate or divided but not as above" 8 8 "Perianth irregular (zygomorphic)" 9 8 "Perianth regular (actinomorphic)" 26 9 "Flowers stalkless, in woody cone-like clusters" Banksia 9 "Flowers stalked or not, not in woody cone-like clusters" 10 10 "Flowers solitary or in an umbellate cluster" 11 10 "Flowers borne in regular pairs along the flowering stem" 17 11 "One anther and 2 half anthers abortive" Conospermum 11 "Anthers either all fertile or 1 or 3 infertile" 12 12 "Upper stamen only fertile; most flowers without ovaries; fruit a follicle with winged seeds arranged transversely" Placospermum 12 "All stamens fertile (rarely 1 fertile, or all infertile); flowers bisexual; fruit either a follicle with longitudinally arranged seeds or not a follicle" 13 13 "Gynoecium about half the length of the perianth; fruit a drupe" Persoonia 13 "Gynoecium about as long as the perianth; fruit an achene or follicle" 14 14 "Flowers solitary with overlapping scales at their base; fruit an achene" Adenanthos 14 "Flowers in clusters or, if solitary, without overlapping scales at the base; fruit a follicle" 15 15 "Flower cluster flat-topped or of 1 flower; axis of symmetry of gynoecium passing through the front and back tepals; seed in a membranous cover" Stenocarpus 15 "Flower cluster raceme-like, rarely flat-topped or solitary; axis of symmetry of gynoecium passing between the front and back tepals; seed without a membranous cover" 16 16 "Leaves usually flat or angular in section and with different surfaces, occasionally cylindrical or similar-faced; fruit usually leathery and generally only staying on the plant for 1 year" Grevillea 16 "Leaves cylindrical or flat with similar surfaces; fruit woody and usually persistent for at least 2–3 years" Hakea 17 "Hypogynous glands 2, 3 or 4, free" 18 17 "Hypogynous glands 1 (crescent-shaped, ring-like or divided into 2)" 22 18 "Ovary densely hairy; ovules 2" 19 18 "Ovary hairless; ovules more than 2" 20 19 "Leaf margins entire or toothed; pollen presenter radially symmetrical; fruit drupe-like" Triunia 19 "Leaves deeply divided; pollen presenter one-sided at tip; fruit a follicle, sometimes thick-walled but not woody" Grevillea 20 "Flowers scarlet" Embothrium 20 "Flowers white to cream or greenish" 21 21 "Hypogynous glands 3; follicle leathery, seed wing terminal" Lomatia 21 "Hypogynous glands 4; follicle woody, seed wing around the seed" Cardwellia 22 "Ovules 2; fruit 1–2-seeded" 23 22 "Ovules more than 2; fruit multi-seeded" 25 23 "Individual flowers stalkless, each pair on a common stalk; fruit indehiscent; seeds not winged" Gevuina 23 "Individual flowers stalked, common stalk absent; fruit dehiscent, seeds mostly winged" 24 24 "Leaves usually flat or angular in section and with different surfaces, rarely cylindrical or similar-faced; fruit usually leathery and generally only staying on the plant for 1 year" Grevillea 24 "Leaves cylindrical or flat with similar surfaces; fruit usually woody and persistent for at least 2–3 years" Hakea 25 "Flowers white or cream, sometimes with brownish hairs; axis of gynoecium through the tepals or flowers asymmetrical" Buckinghamia 25 "Flowers red, rarely creamy white; gynoecial axis between the tepals, or flowers bilaterally symmetrical" Telopea 26 "Style tip not formed into a pollen presenter, not swollen" 27 26 "Style tip swollen and forming a pollen presenter" 33 27 "Hypogynous glands 4" 28 27 "Hypogynous glands absent" 31 28 "Fruit a follicle" 29 28 "Fruit a drupe" 30 29 "Flowers brownish red" Knightia 29 "Flowers white to cream in pairs on flowering stems" Orites 30 "Leaf margins toothed; stamen filaments fused to tepals only at the base" Cenarrhenes 30 "Leaf margins entire; stamen filaments mostly or completely united with the tepals" Persoonia 31 "Flowers white to pale pink and without bracts" Bellendena 31 "All flowers in the axil of a scale leaf" 32 32 "Perianth tubular at the base; fruit not winged" Conospermum 32 "Perianth not tubular at the base; fruit prominently winged" Agastachys 33 "Flowers in the axils of fleshy bracts and forming cone-like clusters; ovule solitary; fruit a nut" 34 33 "Flowers borne in lateral pairs, in racemes or cone-like clusters; ovules more than 1; fruit dehiscent or indehiscent (in which case mostly fleshy)" 35 34 "Cone scales falling with the fruits; nut not strongly flattened" Isopogon 34 "Cone scales adhering to the axis and opening to release the flattened nuts" Petrophile 35 "Flowers stalkless in cone-like heads" 36 35 "Flowers either stalked or stalkless (but then not in heads or cone-like clusters)" 37 36 "Bracts at base of flower cluster large, overlapping" Dryandra 36 "Bracts at base of flower cluster absent or inconspicuous" Banksia 37 "Hypogynous glands fused to form a horseshoe or ring-shaped nectary; ovary usually stalked" 38 37 "Hypogynous glands distinct, free or fused at base to form a ring; ovary stalkless" 39 38 "Leaves usually flat or angular in section and with different surfaces, rarely cylindrical or similar-faced; fruit usually leathery and generally only staying on the plant for 1 year" Grevillea 38 "Leaves cylindrical or flat with similar surfaces; fruit usually woody and persistent for at least 2–3 years" Hakea 39 "Hypogynous glands 3" Musgravea 39 "Hypogynous glands 4" 40 40 "Adult leaves pinnate, often with a winged axis" Hicksbeachia 40 "Adult leaves simple, entire to pinnatifid" 41 41 "Ovules more than 2; seeds 2 or more" 42 41 "Ovules 2; seeds 1 or 2" 43 42 "Flower cluster spreading to erect, cream; ovules 4; seeds winged" Darlingia 42 "Flower cluster pendulous, pink, mauve or red; ovules more than 4; seeds not winged" Hollandaea 43 "Pollen presenter about same thickness as style tip; fruit a follicle; seeds 2, winged" Orites 43 "Pollen presenter twice width of style tip; fruit indehiscent; seed 1, not winged" 44 44 "Leaves entire; fruit brown" Floydia 44 "Leaf margins toothed at least when young; fruits pinkish blue to purple or black" 45 45 "Intermediate leaves deeply divided; tepals 19–23 mm long; fruit 3.6–4.1 cm long" Athertonia 45 "Intermediate leaves not lobed; tepals 6–18 mm long; fruit 6–14 mm long" Helicia