1 "Anthers 3, the laterals fertile the median sterile (Subfamily Cypripedioideae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 1" 1 "Anther solitary" 2 2 "Anther erect or bending back from column, projecting well beyond the stigma; pollinia usually soft and mealy; plants often terrestrial" 3 2 "Anther not as above; pollinia usually hard and waxy; plants often epiphytic or epilithic" 7 3 "Pollinia attached to viscidium by their tip; anther usually dorsal; tubers absent although roots often thick and fleshy (Subfamily Spiranthoideae)" 4 3 "Pollinia attached to viscidium by their base; anther usually ventral; tubers usually present (Subfamily Orchidoideae)" 5 4 "Rhizomes elongate with scattered roots; pollinia deeply lobed (Tribe Erythrodeae)" Ludisia 4 "Rhizomes short with clustered roots; pollinia not deeply lobed (Tribe Cranichideae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 2" 5 "Anther separated from rest of column by a distinct constriction; caudicles usually absent (Tribe Diurideae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 3" 5 "Anther not separated from rest of column by a constriction; caudicles usually present" 6 6 "Anther erect (Tribe Orchideae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 4" 6 "Anther bending back from column, sometimes completely reversed (Tribe Diseae)" Disa 7 "Anther erect early, bending down at right angles to tip of column at maturity, opening apically; viscidium and stipe usually absent; inflorescences usually terminal (Subfamily Epidendroideae)" 8 7 "Anther erect at all stages of development, very short, opening basally; viscidium and stipe usually present; inflorescences usually lateral (Subfamily Vandoideae)" 11 8 "Pseudobulbs usually fleshy and corm-like; leaves usually large and pleated; inflorescences mostly lateral; pollinia 8 (Tribe Arethuseae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 5" 8 "Combination of features not as above" 9 9 "Pseudobulbs comprised of a single internode; column often prominently winged at tip; pollinia 2 or 4 with large caudicles (Tribe Coelogyneae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 6" 9 "Combination of features not as above" 10 10 "Pollinia lacking caudicles and other appendages; column with no foot (Tribe Malaxideae)" Liparis 10 "Pollinia usually with caudicles; leaves usually 2-ranked, folded, rarely pleated; column often with prominent foot (Tribe Epidendreae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 7" 11 "Plants monopodial (Tribe Vandeae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 8" 11 "Plants usually sympodial" 12 12 "Pollinia 2 (Tribe Cymbidieae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 9" 12 "Pollinia 4" 13 13 "Pseudobulbs usually fleshy and corm-like; leaves usually large and pleated (Tribe Maxillarieae)" "Orchidaceae - Group 10" 13 "Pseudobulbs usually reed-like; leaves usually folded but not pleated (Tribe Polystachyeae)" Polystachya