1	"Leaves grouped in clusters of 2, 3 or 5 with a sheath around the base OR in whorls on short spurs"	2
1	"Leaves solitary, spirally arranged or more or less in 2 ranks"	5
2	"Leaves in clusters on main shoots, consisting of 2, 3 or 5 joined together by a sheath at the base"	Pinus
2	"Leaves in clusters on short spur-like shoots, without sheaths at the base"	3
3	"Leaves tough and evergreen"	Cedrus
3	"Leaves soft and deciduous"	4
4	"Leaves flat, more than 1 mm wide on club-shaped spurs with annual rings; cones breaking up on tree  at maturity"	Pseudolarix
4	"Leaves cylindrical, about 1 mm wide on cylindrical spurs without annual rings; cones remaining intact"	Larix
5	"Cones upright on stems: leaves expanded to form a distinct disc-like pad at the point of attachment to the stem"	6
5	"Cones hanging (prominent 3-pronged bracts in Pseudotsuga); leaves without obvious disc-like pad or pad minute"	7
6	"Cones not breaking up at maturity, male cones clustered, winter buds with green scales (extremely rare)"	Keteleeria
6	"Cone breaking up at maturity, male cones solitary, winter buds with papery scales"	Abies
7	"Leaf bases with minute disk attachment to stem: three-pronged bracts of cone-scales protruding from cone, young foliage generally citrus-scented when crushed"	Pseudotsuga
7	"Leaf bases extending down the stem; cone bracts not 3-pronged, crushed foliage not citrus-scented"	8
8	"Leaves pointed, not stalked, spreading  around the stem; cones more than 3 cm long"	Picea
8	"Leaves blunt, shortly stalked, generally arranged in 2 opposite ranks; cones less than 3 cm long"	Tsuga