1	"Peduncles spinescent; plants intricately and divaricately branched cushion-forming shrubs with zig-zag-shaped branches; inner phyllaries 5; achenes glabrous"	"Launaea bornmuelleri"
1	"Peduncles not spinescent or, rarely, subspinecent; if subspinescent usually with bipinnatifid leaves; inner phyllaries 5-8; marginal achenes sometimes papillose"	2
2	"Stems hollow, leafy; plants herbs 100(-150) cm tall, with woody bases; peduncles and involucres often with scattered stipitate glands (use a hand lens!)"	"Launaea cornuta"
2	"Stems soild; plants herbs or subshrubs; peduncles and involucres without stipitate glands"	3
3	"At least the marginal achenes papillose"	4
3	"Achenes all glabrous but the surface on and between the ribs smooth or transversely wrinkled"	7
4	"Plants herbs; stem leaves distinctly auriculate"	5
4	"Plants herbs or subshrubs; all leaves basal or stem leaves amplexicaul"	6
5	"Achene beaks filiform, longer than the achen body; anthers (excluding the basal and apical appendages) shorter that 2 mm"	"Launaea lackii"
5	"Achenes long cuspidate or with stout beaks shorter than the body of the ache; anthers (excluding the basal and apical appendages) longer than 2.4 mm"	"Launaea crassifolia"
6	"Plants dwarf subshrubs; branches leafy throughout; leaves 1.5-3 cm long, rounded at the tio; phyllaries more or less withoug scarious margins"	"Launaea benadirensis"
6	"Plants perennial herbs or small subshrubs; leaves 3-13 cm long, with acute tips,  in basal rosettes or confined to the lower portion of the stems; phyllaries with conspicuous scarious margins"	"Launaea hafunensis"
7	"Inflorescences with slender divaricately branching axes; all capitula distinctly pedunculate even in late fruiting stage; inner phyllaries always 5; marginal achenes broan"	"Launaea pseudoabyssinica"
7	"Inflorescences with more robust axes and spreading-erect branches; some capitula sessile or subsessile, at lear in late fruiting stage; inner phyllaries usually 5-8 but usally 8; marginal achenes black or, exceptionally, whitish"	8
8	"Plants annual herbs, erect; anthers ((excluding the basal and apical appendages) shorter than 1.5 mm; ligules up to 6 mm long, pale yellow, linear"	"Launaea intybacea"
8	"Plants perennial herbs, procumbent or erect; anthers (excluding the basal and apical appendages) longer than 2 mm; ligules longer than 7.5 mm, bright yellow, elliptic"	"Launaea petitiana"