1	"Leaves costapalmate or palmate (fan palms)"	2
1	"Leaves bipinnate or pinnate (fishtail, feather and/or climbing palms)"	4
2	"Leaf with wedge-shaped segments, narrowest at the centre of the leaf, and widening toward the leaf margins"	"Licuala {Licuala ramsayi}"
2	"Leaf with linear to lanceolate segments, tapering toward the leaf margin"	3
3	"Leaf-bases cleft at attachment to stem; inflorescences terminal on stem"	"Corypha {Corypha utan}"
3	"Leaf-bases not cleft at attachment; inflorescences interfoliar"	Livistona
4	"Leaves bipinnate (fishtail palms)"	"Caryota {Caryota albertii}"
4	"Leaves pinnate (feather and/or climbing palms)"	5
5	"Climbing palms (rattans, lawyer vines or wait-a-whiles)"	Calamus
5	"Non-climbing palms"	6
6	"Leaf bases not forming a tubular crownshaft"	7
6	"Leaf bases forming a tubular crownshaft"	13
7	"Inflorescence a solitary spike, or with 3-8 spikes that have a common base and a common prophyll"	8
7	"Inflorescence not as above"	10
8	"Seed with ruminate endosperm; inflorescence a solitary spike"	"Laccospadix {Laccospadix australasicus}"
8	"Seed with homogeneous endosperm; inflorescence either a solitary spike or multi-spicate"	9
9	"Tall solitary palms >10 m tall; inflorescence a solitary spike or multi-spicate; peduncular bract attached to inflorescence within the portion covered by the prophyll; peduncular bract persistent"	Howea
9	"Diminutive or moderate, solitary or clustering palms <6 m tall; inflorescence always a solitary spike; peduncular bract attached to the inflorescence distally of the portion covered by the prophyll; peduncular bract deciduous"	Linospadix
10	"Inflorescences with male flowers in catkin—like branches and female flowers in a terminal head; mangrove habitat"	"Nypa {Nypa fruticans}"
10	"Inflorescences paniculate; terrestrial habitat"	11
11	"Peduncular bracts 3—5; pinnae with silver-coppery felt-like tomentum on abaxial surface; dioecious palms"	"Oraniopsis {Oraniopsis appendiculata}"
11	"Peduncular bract solitary; pinnae with silver-grey tomentum or lacking tomentum on abaxial surface; monoecious palms"	12
12	"Fruit >10 cm diam.; endosperm with large central cavity partially containing liquid; pinnae with acuminate apices"	"Cocos {Cocos nucifera}"
12	"Fruit <3 cm diam.; endosperm solid; pinnae with praemorse apices"	Arenga
13	"Leaf with plumose (fox-tail like) appearance; pinnae longitudinally split into numerous segments"	14
13	"Leaf with pinnae in a single plane; pinnae not longitudinally split"	15
14	"Abaxial surface of pinnae blue-grey; pinnae longitudinally split into 7—11 segments; mesocarp with 0.5 mm wide fibres; endosperm ruminate"	"Normanbya {Normanbya normanbyi}"
14	"Abaxial surface of pinnae green; pinnae longitudinally split into 2—18 segments; mesocarp with 1—2 mm wide fibres; endosperm homogeneous"	"Wodyetia {Wodyetia bifurcata}"
15	"Seed with five lobes in cross-section"	Ptychosperma
15	"Seed terete (round) in cross-section"	16
16	"Stems clustering"	"Hydriastele {Hydriastele wendlandiana}"
16	"Stem solitary"	17
17	"Staminate flowers with 6 stamens"	18
17	"Staminate flowers with >6 stamens"	20
18	"Inflorescences broom-like with rachillae +/- parallel"	Hydriastele
18	"Inflorescences are divaricating panicles"	19
19	"Moderate palms <4 m tall; crownshaft split opposite the petiole; seed with an operculum covering the embryo (Lord Howe Island)"	"Lepidorrhachis {Lepidorrhachis mooreana}"
19	"Tall palms >10 m high; crownshaft tubular; seed without an operculum covering the embryo (Norfolk Island)"	"Rhopalostylis {Rhopalostylis baueri}"
20	"Fruit >35 mm long; crownshaft densely tomentose,whitish-grey-bluish (Lord Howe Island)"	"Hedyscepe {Hedyscepe canterburyana}"
20	"Fruit <20 mm long; crownshaft not as above"	21
21	"Leaves recurved, not twisted along the rachis; pinnae with praemorse apices, i.e. appearing chewed off; pinnae grouped at the base of the leaf"	"Carpentaria {Carpentaria acuminata}"
21	"Leaves moderately arched, twisted along the rachis; pinnae with acuminate apices; pinnae not grouped at the base of the leaf"	Archontophoenix