1 "Slender evergreen tree, typically with the trunk falling over into a horizontal position and again branching; leaves opposite, narrow-elliptical, 2–6 cm long, glaucous, margin with blunt gland-tipped teeth ('horizontal')" Cunoniaceae
1 "Herbs, shrubs or trees, not as above" 2
2 "Herbs with milky juice; apparent flower consisting of a stalked trilocular ovary and several stamens each on a jointed filament, surrounded by a green calyx-like involucre with 4–5 prominent nectar-secreting glands often alternating with small teeth (Euphorbia)" Euphorbiaceae
2 "Not as above" 3
3 "Shrubs or trees with branchlets green and ridged; leaves reduced to small tooth-like scales, whorled; flowers unisexual; staminate flowers in catkins; pistillate flowers in small clusters, without perianth, ovary with 2 crimson stigmas; fruit a woody cone, the valves opening to shed winged seeds (Casuarina)" Casuarinaceae
3 "Not as above" 4
4 "Flowers hermaphrodite, or unisexual and the plant monoecious" 5
4 "Flowers unisexual, plant dioecious" 186
5 "Stamens with the anthers cohering to form a tube round the style; ovary inferior; inflorescence a capitulum, the flowers small, sessile, few or many together on the expanded end of a peduncle surrounded by an involucre of bracts" Asteraceae
5 "Stamens usually with anthers free, if cohering then the ovary or the inflorescence not as above" 6
6 "Perianth of 2 (or rarely more) distinct whorls differing from each other in shape or size or colour" 7
6 "Perianth of 1 whorl, or sometimes absent" 138
7 "Ovary superior, the wall of the ovary free from the receptacle (although closely surrounded by it in some perigynous flowers)" 8
7 "Ovary inferior or half inferior, the wall of the whole or of the lower part of the ovary adnate to the receptacle" 115
8 "Petals free at least at the base (sometimes cohering towards the apex or joined in pairs at the base); sepals free or joined; (when the receptacle is perigynous it may be deeply cup-shaped and petaloid or sepaloid bearing small petals at the top)" 9
8 "Petals joined at least at the base forming a tube, sometimes quite short, which may be slit to the base on one side, the tube separating as a unit from the receptacle" 71
9 "Carpels more than 1, quite free (apocarpous), or with the ovaries cohering at the base and styles sometimes joined but the fruits separating readily" 10
9 "Carpels 1, or several with ovaries joined (the styles joined or free), ovary unilocular or multilocular" 23
10 "Stamens with filaments joined in the lower part forming a tube" Malvaceae
10 "Stamens with filaments free or grouped in bundles but not forming a tube" 11
11 "Anthers opening by valvular flaps; tall trees, flowers unisexual; leaves opposite, ovate, 4–7 cm long, upper surface dark green and glossy, lower surface pubescent, strongly aromatic when crushed ('sassafras')" Monimiaceae
11 "Anthers opening by longitudinal slits or by pores not covered by flaps" 12
12 "Petals joined above the base forming a tube but free at the base; herb with leaves alternate" Stackhousiaceae
12 "Petals free throughout (except in Correa spp. which are shrubs with opposite leaves)" 13
13 "Styles joined; stigmas joined or free" 14
13 "Styles quite free" 15
14 "Fruit separating into 1-seeded parts which have long beaks or awns; stems and leaves often with glandular hairs" Geraniaceae
14 "Fruits separating into parts which are without beaks; leaves with translucent grandular oil dots, strongly aromatic when crushed" Rutaceae
15 "Leaves opposite or whorled" 16
15 "Leaves alternate or confined to a radical rosette" 18
16 "Woody plant with spreading wiry branches (Bauera)" Cunoniaceae
16 Herb 17
17 "Flowers hermaphrodite" Crassulaceae
17 "Flowers unisexual (occasionally vestigial carpels developed in staminate flowers)" Haloragaceae
18 "Leaves stipulate with stipules persistent" Rosaceae
18 "Leaves exstipulate (or with stipules small and caducous) sometimes with sheathing bases" 19
19 "Carpels indefinite in number; fruit a collection of achenes (indehiscent)" Ranunculaceae
19 "Carpels 2–5 (–8); fruit a collection of follicles (dehiscing along the inner margins), or berry-like" 20
20 "Shrub, young stems crimson, leaves glabrous, rather thick, aromatic when crushed; plant dioecious but staminate flowers often with rudimentary carpels" Winteraceae
20 "Plant not as above" 21
21 "Small shrub, leaves glabrous, rather thick, margins serrate with teeth gland-tipped, petals white" Escalloniaceae
21 "Small shrub or herb, leaves not as above; petals yellow, or white, or pale pink" 22
22 "Small shrub or undershrub, erect or prostrate, with stout rootstock and usually woody at the base; petals usually bright yellow, caducous" Dilleniaceae
22 "Succulent herb" Crassulaceae
23 "Corolla irregular" 24
23 "Corolla regular" 29
24 "Corolla of 5 petals, the odd one uppermost (adaxial); petals distinguishable as standard, wings, keel; fruit usually a pod (legume) opening along 2 sutures, sometimes indehiscent or separating into 1-seeded parts (Papilionatae)" Fabaceae
24 "Not as above" 25
25 "Calyx petaloid and with the petals forming a flower comparable to the one above but with a sepal uppermost; fruit a bilocular capsule; seeds with a tuft of hairs" Polygalaceae
25 "Corolla and calyx not as above" 26
26 "Some or all of the petals divided into narrow lobes; carpels 3–4, joined at the base but open at the top below the stigmatic lobes" Resedaceae
26 "Petals and carpels not as above" 27
27 "Flowers with tube-like corolla, ± flattened; leaves 2–4 times pinnately divided (Fumaria)" Fumariaceae
27 "Flowers and leaves not as above" 28
28 "Ovary unilocular with 3 parietal placentae; fruit a capsule; sepals produced into small appendages below their insertion on the receptacle" Violaceae
28 "Ovary 5-locular; fruit separating into 1-seeded parts each with long beak or awn" Geraniaceae
29 "Parasite with green or reddish twining stems attached by haustoria to stems of a host plant; anthers opening by valvular flaps (Cassytha)" Lauraceae
29 "Not as above" 30
30 "Carnivorous plant; leaves with numerous gland-tipped hairs, conspicuous and sticky" Droseraceae
30 "Herbs, shrubs or trees not as above" 31
31 "Petals deeply divided into 3 or more lobes" Elaeocarpaceae
31 "Petals entire or emarginate or deeply 2-1obed" 32
32 "Stamens more than 12, often numerous and indefinite in number" 33
32 "Stamens 1–12, often equal in number or twice as many as the petals and in 1 or 2 whorls" 42
33 "Flowers small, the stamens bright yellow or greenish yellow and forming the most conspicuous part, in small spherical heads or cylindrical spikes; fruit a legume (Mimosoideae)" Mimosaceae
33 "Flowers and inflorescence not as above" 34
34 "Leaves opposite or whorled" 35
34 "Leaves alternate or confined to a radical rosette" 37
35 "Petals yellow; leaves dotted with oil cavities" Clusiaceae
35 "Petals white or pinkish; leaves without oil cavities" 36
36 "Leaves trifoliolate, nearly sessile, appearing like a whorl of 6; petals 5–9 (Bauera)" Cunoniaceae
36 "Leaves simple, entire, young leaves and stipules covered with gummy substance; petals 4" Eucryphiaceae
37 "Flowers unisexual" 38
37 "Flowers hermaphrodite" 39
38 "Shrub, young stems crimson; leaves aromatic when crushed; plant dioecious but staminate flowers often with rudimentary carpels" Winteraceae
38 "Shrub, undershrub or herb; leaves not aromatic, monoecious" Euphorbiaceae
39 "Stamens with filaments joined in the lower part forming a tube" Malvaceae
39 "Stamens with filaments free or grouped in bundles but not forming a tube" 40
40 "Carpels 1, fruit a drupe (Prunus)" Rosaceae
40 "Carpels several, joined; fruit a group of follicles or a capsule" 41
41 "Sepals persistent; shrub or undershrub, sometimes almost herbaceous but with perennial rootstock and stem ± woody at the base; leaves small, entire (obscurely toothed in Hibbertia empetrifolia)" Dilleniaceae
41 "Sepals caducous; annual or biennial herbs with watery or milky juice; leaves lobed or pinnately divided" Papaveraceae
42 "Perianth with both whorls ± herbaceous and green or yellowish-green in colour and 2–3 mm long" 43
42 "Perianth with members of 1 or of both whorls petaloid and not green; flowers usually larger than above" 70
43 "Plant with stinging hairs on leaves and stems" Urticaceae
43 "Plant without stinging hairs" 44
44 "Small herb; receptacle perigynous and deeply cup-shaped; stamens 1 or 2 (Aphanes)" Rosaceae
44 "Not as above" 45
45 "Sepals 2; petals 4–6" Portulacaceae
45 "Sepals and petals 3–6 and equal in number" 46
46 "Sepals and petals 4" 47
46 "Sepals and petals 3 or 5 or 6" 53
47 "Stamens usually 6 (sometimes 4 or 2); petals usually clawed; fruit frequently a siliqua or silicula (sometimes 1-seeded or breaking into 1-seeded parts); inflorescence terminal racemes. usually ebracteate" Brassicaceae
47 "Stamens 4 or 8; characters of flower and fruit not as above" 48
48 "Anthers 4-lobed, opening by a single terminal pore" Tremandraceae
48 "Anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits" 49
49 "Leaves with glandular dots, aromatic when crushed" Rutaceae
49 "Leaves without glandular dots" 50
50 "Leaves compound, each with 2 leaflets; ± succulent herb with jointed stems" Zygophyllaceae
50 "Leaves simple" 51
51 "Tree; stamens with connective prolonged to form an appendage as long as the anther" Cunoniaceae
51 "Herb, small shrub or undershrub; connective of stamen not prolonged beyond the anther" 52
52 "Leaves opposite" Caryophyllaceae
52 "Leaves alternate, imbricate" Thymelaeaceae
53 "Stamens with anthers cohering, connective prolonged to form a scarious appendage, filament bearing a nectar-scale; shrub with branchlets ending in spines" Violaceae
53 "Stamens with anthers free or cohering but not as above" 54
54 "Leaves rigid, pungent-pointed, sheathing at the base, falling to leave stem smooth, venation parallel but obscure (Sprengelia)" Epacridaceae
54 "Leaves not as above" 55
55 "Flowers unisexual" Euphorbiaceae
55 "Flowers hermaphrodite" 56
56 "Receptacle perigynous and deeply cup-shaped; petals purple or pink, crumpled in the bud" Lythraceae
56 "Receptacle hypogynous, or perigynous and only slightly hollowed" 57
57 "Petals cohering above the base and forming a tube but with the lobes spreading" 58
57 "Petals quite free" 61
58 "Leaves trifoliolate" Oxalidaceae
58 "Leaves simple" 59
59 "Leaves opposite, linear, 3–6 mm long, often clustered in the leaf-axils; undershrub local in salt ground in the north" Frankeniaceae
59 "Leaves alternate" 60
60 "Herb; fruit separating into 1-seeded parts" Stackhousiaceae
60 "Tree, shrub, or plant with stems woody at least at the base; fruit a capsule or berry" Pittosporaceae
61 "Flowers trimerous throughout; small glabrous herb confined to marshes and margins of still fresh water" Elatinaceae
61 "Sepals and petals 5–7" 62
62 "Ovary unilocular at least in the upper part; leaves opposite (rarely confined to a radical rosette); stems ± swollen at the nodes" Caryophyllaceae
62 "Ovary 2–6 (–10)-locular" 63
63 "Petals much shorter than the sepals; outer (or sometimes the inner) surface of sepals tomentose with woolly hairs" Sterculiaceae
63 "Petals at least as long as the sepals, usually larger, often showy" 64
64 "Leaves compound with 2 leaflets" Zygophyllaceae
64 "Leaves various, simple or compound but then with more than 2 leaflets" 65
65 "Ovary deeply 5-lobed; fruit separating into 1-seeded parts" 66
65 "Ovary 2–3-lobed or entire; fruit follicles or capsules" 67
66 "Fruit separating into 1-seeded parts which have a long beak or awn" Geraniaceae
66 "Fruit separating into parts which are without beaks" Rutaceae
67 "Petals usually 6; tall shrub with leaves 7–17 cm long, thick and shining, margins with distant gland-tipped teeth" Escalloniaceae
67 "Petals 5; tree, shrub, or herb the leaves not as above" 68
68 "Sepals not persistent in the fruiting stage" Pittosporaceae
68 "Sepals persistent in the fruiting stage" 69
69 "Flowers axillary or terminating short lateral branches; petals yellow, usually spreading widely" Dilleniaceae
69 "Flowers in terminal, much-branched dichasial cymes" Linaceae
70 "Herb; receptacle ± flat; sepals and petals 3; stamens 6" Polygonaceae
70 "Tree; receptacle ± flat; sepals and petals 4; stamens 2; petals sometimes joined in pairs by the filaments of the stamens" Oleaceae
71 "Parasite with yellow or reddish twining stems attached by haustoria to stems of a host plant (Cuscuta)" Convolvulaceae
71 "Herb, shrub or tree not as above" 72
72 "Flowers small, the stamens bright yellow or greenish-yellow and forming the most conspicuous part, in small spherical heads or in cylindrical spikes not surrounded by an involucre of bracts (Mimosoideae)" Mimosaceae
72 "Not as above" 73
73 "Flowers in heads up to 2–3 cm in diameter, heads surrounded by an involucre of bracts which are spiny and ± glandular" Polemoniaceae
73 "Flowers and inflorescence not as above" 74
74 "Stamens 8–10 or indefinite in number and more than the petals" 75
74 "Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals" 79
75 "Flowers irregular" 76
75 "Flowers regular" 77
76 "Stamens 8; flower with sepal uppermost" Polygalaceae
76 "Stamens 10; flower with petal uppermost" Fabaceae
77 "Stamens more than twice as many as the petals" Malvaceae
77 "Stamens twice as many as the petals" 78
78 "Herb; leaves opposite and stem often swollen at the nodes; ovary unilocular" Caryophyllaceae
78 "Shrub, or plant woody at least at the base; leaves alternate, sometimes crowded; ovary 4–5–locular" Ericaceae
79 "Ovary 4-locular or deeply 4-lobed; fruit separating into 1-seeded parts" 80
79 "Ovary entire or lobed but rarely into 4 part; fruit not as above" 82
80 "Ovary not deeply lobed; style terminal; perennial herb 30–80 cm high with lilac flowers in slender spikes" Verbenaceae
80 "Ovary deeply 4-lobed with style usually inserted between the lobes" 81
81 "Leaves alternate" Boraginaceae
81 "Leaves opposite" Lamiaceae
82 "Corolla regular" 83
82 "Corolla irregular (sometimes only slightly so) with bilateral symmetry" 103
83 "Petals scarious" 84
83 "Petals not scarious" 85
84 "Herb with leaves in a radical rosette; flowers small, in leafless spikes or short ovoid heads" Plantaginaceae
84 "Shrub, or subshrub and sometimes very small; leaves cauline, imbricate, sheathing at the base, rigid, pungent-pointed; petals pale pink or white (Sprengelia)" Epacricaceae
85 "Calyx scarious but brightly coloured (pinkish-mauve), petals yellow; plant local in salt marshes ('sea lavender')" Plumbaginaceae
85 "Calyx not petaloid" 86
86 "Sepals 2, petals 5" Portulacaceae
86 "Sepals 4–5 (–6), petals as many as the sepals or rarely the number differing by 1" 87
87 "Stamens 2, petals 4 (–5)" 88
87 "Stamens equal to the number of petals or rarely 1 fewer" 89
88 "Tree or shrub with opposite leaves and succulent fruits" Oleaceae
88 "Cushion plant' known only from Ben Lomond; branches densely packed; leaves opposite, imbricate; fruit a capsule" Scrophulariaceae
89 "Ovary unilocular throughout" 90
89 "Ovary 2–5–10-locular (but sometimes the septa seen only at the base or apex), or carpels 2, free or nearly so" 92
90 "Leaves compound; plant glandular-puberulent and hirsute; inflorescence terminal helicoid cymes" Hydrophylaceae
90 "Leaves simple; indumentum and inflorescence not as above" 91
91 "Ovary with placentation free-central; flowers usually solitary; axillary" Primulaceae
91 "Ovary with placentation parietal; flowers sometimes solitary but often in terminal cymes" Gentianaceae
92 "Tall or low shrubs or small prostrate plants with woody stems, their leaves hard, often rigid, with veins longitudinal or nearly so, diverging from the base; anthers with 1 pollen-sac when mature (2 when immature)" Epacridaceae
92 "Leaves not as above; anthers usually with 4 pollen-sacs opening by 2 longitudinal slits (occasionally unilocular or opening by a terminal pore)" 93
93 "Leaves opposite or whorled" 94
93 "Leaves alternate or clustered in radical rosettes" 96
94 "Woody climber, or shrub, or undershrub with long trailing stems" Apocynaceae
94 "Herb, slender, or small and densely tufted, or with stems 2–6 cm high" 95
95 "Style 1, not persistent" Genianaceae
95 "Styles persistent in the fruiting stage, usually 1 which is separated into 2 at the base but has a single stigma (sometimes 2 separate throughout)" Loganaceae
96 "Carpels 2 with ovaries free or cohering slightly when young, each with 1–2 ovules; creeping plant with leaves ± reinform" Convolvulaceae
96 "Carpels with ovaries joined" 97
97 "Flowers c. 3 mm in diameter; small herbs creeping and rooting in mud or shallow water" Scrohpulariaceae
97 "Flowers more than 5 mm in diameter, usually much larger" 98
98 "Fruit a berry or a capsule covered by long, sharp spines" Solanaceae
98 "Fruit a capsule, the walls thin but sometimes hard" 99
99 "Corolla-tube very short" 100
99 "Corolla-tube about as long as or longer than the calyx" 101
100 "Petals white or pinkish; slender undershrub (almost herbaceous), leaves alternate, narrow-oblanceolate, 6–12 mm long (Rhytidosporum)" Pittosporaceae
100 "Petals yellow (rarely white); stout biennial herb, leaves in a basal rosette" Scrophulariaceae
101 "Stamens free (joined to receptacle); climbing or epiphytic woody plant with many slender branches; flowers with crimson tubular corolla 2–2.5 cm long (Prionotes)" Epacridaceae
101 "Stamens epipetalous" 102
102 "Shrub with leaves glandular-pubescent and ± hoary with stellate hairs" Solanceae
102 "Plant with leaves glabrous or pubescent but the hairs not glandular or stellate" Convolvulaceae
103 "Leaves scale-like; plant yellowish-brown, fleshy, parasitic on the roots of green plants" Orobanchaceae
103 "Not as above" 104
104 "Leaves green, compound and pinnate; woody climber local in Flinders Island" Bignoniaceae
104 "Leaves green, simple, entire or lobed" 105
105 "Inflorescence a terminal head, flowers small, turquoise blue, surrounded by an involucre of bracts (Brunonia)" Goodeniaceae
105 "Inflorescence not as above" 106
106 "Petals with marginal wings differing in colour from the central part at least on the under-side; style with cup-like indusium surrounding the stigma" Goodeniaceae
106 "Petals not winged; style without indusium" 107
107 "Ovary unilocular" 108
107 "Ovary 2–4-locular" 109
108 "Corolla 2-lipped and spurred at the base; small herb growing in marshy places or in water, carnivorous, with some of the leaves or their lobes forming small bladders" Lentibulariaceae
108 "Corolla only slightly irregular with the tube split to the base on one side; small herb, not carnivorous" Portulacaceae
109 "Inflorescence a terminal spike, the flowers subtended by conspicuous bracts which are spinous-dentate; stout perennial herb, basal leaves 20–50 cm long" Acanthaceae
109 "Inflorescence not as above" 110
110 "Corolla distinctly 2-lipped" Scrophulariaceae
110 "Corolla almost regular, with spreading lobes" 111
111 "Petals 4 (rarely 5), stamens 2" Scrophulariaceae
111 "Petals 5, stamens 4 or 5" 112
112 "Herb; inflorescence a scorpioid cyme; fruit a capsule opening by a lid" Solanaceae
112 "Not as above" 113
113 "Herb; inflorescence not as above; fruit a capsule opening longitudinally" Scrophulariaceae
113 "Shrub or under shrub" 114
114 "Plant pubescent with stellate hairs; fruit a capsule" Solanaceae
114 "Plant glabrous; fruit succulent, a small drupe or berry" Myoporaceae
115 "Petals free at least at the base" 116
115 "Petals joined at the base forming a tube which may be long or short and which is sometimes slit to the base on one side" 128
116 "Cushion plant' on mountains of the central plateau and west; branches densely packed; leaves imbricate; flower with 2 stamens" Donatiaceae
116 "Herb, shrub or tree not as above" 117
117 "Leaves with prominent leafy, persistent stipules; shrub with some branchlets ending in spines" Rosaceae
117 "Leaves usually exstipulate; in shrubs, if stipules present, these small and caducous, in herbs stipules sometimes present" 118
118 "Stamens more than twice as many as the petals, or stamens and petals both numerous" 119
118 "Stamens twice as many as the petals, or fewer" 120
119 "Succulent herb, stout, prostrate and trailing" Aizoaceae
119 "Tall or low shrub, leaves with oil glands which are often prominent" Myrtaceae
120 "Stamens 8–16; succulent, prostrate herb; leaves triangular-ovate, 2–8 cm long; plant local near the north coast" Aizoaceae
120 "Not as above" 121
121 "Stamens twice as many as the petals" 122
121 "Stamens equal in number or fewer than the petals" 124
122 "Ovary narrow-cylindrical and elongating in the fruiting stage becoming 2–8 times as long as the sepals, or the receptacle prolonged forming a sepaloid tube longer than the ovary" Onagraceae
122 "Ovary and receptacle not as above" 123
123 "Tall or low shrub, leaves usually with prominent glandular dots" Myrtaceae
123 "Herb growing on land or in water" Haloragaceae
124 "Stamens opposite the petals and often ± enclosed by them" Rhamnaceae
124 "Stamens opposite the sepals" 125
125 "Shrub, the leaf-stalks not sheathing" 126
125 "Herb (or Xanthosia may be somewhat woody but the leaf-stalks are sheathing at the base)" 127
126 "Leaves simple; flowers axillary, solitary or 2–3 together" Myrtaceae
126 "Leaves compound, palmate; flowers in umbels" Araliaceae
127 "Leaf-stalks expanded and sheathing at the base or stipulate; flowers in umbels or heads which are sometimes reduced and few-flowered; fruit separating into 2 one-seeded parts" Apiaceae
127 "Leaves sessile or nearly so; exstipulate and not sheathing at the base; flowers in racemes or panicles or in clusters in the leaf axils; fruits indehiscent or separating into 4 one-seeded parts" Haloragaceae
128 "Trailing plant, climbing by tendrils" Cucurbitaceae
128 "Plant without tendrils" 129
129 "Stamens adnate to the style forming a column which is sometimes irritable" Stylidiaceae
129 "Stamens not as above" 130
130 "Style with cup-like indusium surrounding the stigma; petals with marginal wings differing in colour from the central part at least on the under surface (except in Selliera)" Goodeniaceae
130 "Style without indusium; petals not winged" 131
131 "Flowers in a dense ovoid head surrounded by calyx-like involucre of bracts" Dipsacaceae
131 "Flowers not arranged as above" 132
132 "Stamens 5, opposite the lobes of the corolla and alternating with 5 staminodes (Samolus)" Primulaceae
132 "Stamens 1–5, their attachment not opposite the lobes of the corolla" 133
133 "Flowers in small heads on short recurved peduncles at the forks of the stems, the flowers fused at the base and the fruits also fused (Opercularia)" Rubiaceae
133 "Flowers and fruits not fused" 134
134 "Stamens with anthers cohering to form a tube surrounding the style" Lobeliaceae
134 "Stamens with anthers free" 135
135 "Fruit a capsule" Campanulaceae
135 "Fruit a drupe, or berry, or dry and indehiscent, or separating into 2 mericarps" 136
136 "Fruit dry, indehiscent, with feathery pappus or very shortly winged" Valerianaceae
136 "Fruit not as above" 137
137 "Leaves opposite, exstipulate" Capriofoliaceae
137 "Leaves whorled, or opposite with interpetiolar stipules" Rubiaceae
138 "Parasite with green or reddish twining stems attached by haustoria to stems of a host plant; anthers opening by valvular flaps (Cassytha)" Lauraceae
138 "Not as above" 139
139 "Tree, shrub, woody undershrub or climber" 140
139 "Herb or small undershrub woody only at the base" 161
140 "Climbing plant" 141
140 "Tree, shrub, or undershrub, not a climber" 143
141 "Plant climbing by means of petioles and petiolules: leaves compound (Clematis)" Ranunculaceae
141 "Stem twining; leaves simple" 142
142 "Leaves exstipulate" Basellaceae
142 "Leaves with scarious sheathing stipules" Polygonaceae
143 "Leaves absent or developed as very small scales; stems green" 144
143 "Leaves developed (occasionally deciduous), stems may also be green" 146
144 "Scale leaves green, sometimes deciduous, alternate or rarely opposite; fruit a small drupe or a nut borne on a succulent pedicel" Santalaceae
144 "Not as above" 145
145 "Scale leaves scarious, whorled; fruit a woody cone the valves opening to shed winged seeds" Casuarinaceae
145 "Scale leaves fleshy, opposite, fused along their margins and forming a succulent outer covering to the jointed stem; shrub confined to salt marshes" Chenopodiaceae
146 "Perianth forming a cap (operculum) which covers the stamens in the bud and separates from the receptacle when the flower matures (Eucalyptus)" Myrtaceae
146 "Perianth not as above" 147
147 "Leaves in clusters of 3; tall shrub local near the east coast" Euphorbiaceae
147 "Not as above" 148
148 "Leaves opposite" 149
148 "Leaves alternate" 151
149 "Tree; leaves aromatic when crushed; flowers unisexual; carpels numerous, free" Monimiaceae
149 "Shrub or undershrub; carpels 1 or several joined but with the ovary unilocular" 150
150 "Flower with perianth petaloid and 4-lobed, stamens 2" Thymelaeaceae
150 "Flower with perianth sepaloid and stamens equal in number to the lobes, or the plant succulent with the flowers and fruits embedded in the fleshy branches" Chenopodiaceae
151 "Pistillate flowers in clusters of 2–4 surrounded by an involucre of bracts which in the fruiting stage form a prickly woody cupule separating into 4 valves to expose the nuts; either a deciduous shrub confined to exposed slopes at high altitudes or a tree (shrub at high altitudes) with evergreen leaves, usually distichous, ovate–rhomboid crenate, c. 8–18 mm long (Nothfagus)" Fagaceae
151 "Not as above" 152
152 "Pistillate flowers in catkins, floral bracts and bracteoles persisting after the fruits have fallen and forming an ovoid cone–like structure 1.5–3.0 cm long" Betulaceae
152 "Inflorescence and fruit not as above" 153
153 "Fruit winged" 154
153 "Fruit not winged (although sometimes the fruit opening to shed winged seeds)" 155
154 "Deciduous tree; fruit flat, with 2 wings" Ulmaceae
154 "Evergreen tree or shrub; fruit with 3 wings" Sapindaceae
155 "Ovary inferior or half inferior" 156
155 "Ovary superior" 157
156 "Flowers 8–15 mm in diameter, axillary, solitary or 2 together; leaves thick, glistening with dense covering of papillose vesicles" Aizoaceae
156 "Flowers 2–5 (–8) mm in diameter, in axillary or terminal cymes, panicles, or heads, rarely solitary or 2–3 together; leaves not as above" Rhamnaceae
157 "Perianth-lobes 4" 158
157 "Perianth-lobes 5–6" 159
158 "Stamens 4 (sometimes the anthers sessile on the perianth); ovary often on a gynophore" Proteaceae
158 "Stamens 2; shrubs or dwarf perennials woody at the base with very tough bark which peels in long ribbons when the stem is broken across" Thymelaeaceae
159 "Flowers unisexual" Euphorbiaceae
159 "Flowers hermaphrodite" 160
160 "Glabrous shrub with small branches ending in spines; flowers in terminal panicles; petals white, spreading widely (sepals are also present in the buds but are caducous)" Pittosporaceae
160 "Plant not spinous; lower surfaces of leaves tomentose with stellate hairs" Sterculiaceae
161 "Perianth narrow-tubular with 5 small, spreading lobes and a basal spur as long as or longer than the inferior ovary" Valerianaceae
161 "Perianth not as above" 162
162 "Carpels more than 1, free or the ovaries cohering only at the base and separating readily in the fruiting stage" 163
162 "Carpels 1 or several joined; ovary unilocular or multilocular" 185
163 "Perianth conspicuous, petaloid" Ranunculaceae
163 "Not as above" 164
164 "Ovary unilocular" 165
164 "Ovary 2–5-locular" 179
165 "Leaves stipulate" 166
165 "Not as above" 168
166 "Leaves replaced by fleshy scales which are opposite, fused along their margins and form a succulent outer covering to the jointed stem; robust herb confined to salt marshes" Chenopodiaceae
166 "Leaves exstipulate, sometimes with sheathing bases" 167
167 "Stipules scarious, joined to form a sheath round the stem; perianth persistent; sepaloid or ± hardened" Polygonaceae
167 "Stipules small; perianth persistent, sepaloid" Urticaceae
168 "Stipules herbaceous, conspicuous; fruit closely surrounded by the persistent receptacle which either develops spines or becomes corky" Rosaceae
168 "Not as above" 169
169 "Ovary superior (or rarely half inferior)" 170
169 "Ovary inferior" 178
170 "Leaves opposite, sometimes tufted at the base" 171
170 "Leaves alternate, sometimes crowded and almost whorled especially below the inflorescence" 177
171 "Perianth petaloid; 4-lobed; stamens 2" Thymelaeaceae
171 "Perianth sepaloid or scarious or absent" 172
172 "Perianth scarious, white, persistent; flowers in sessile axillary clusters; fruit dry" Amaranthaceae
172 "Not as above" 173
173 "Perianth petaloid" 174
173 "Perianth sepaloid or scarious" 175
174 "Perianth regular, tubular and with 4 short lobes; stamens usually 2 (stamens 4 in Kelleria which is a prostrate densely tufted undershrub confined to mountain summits)" Thymelaeaceae
174 "Perianth irregular or if regular the segments either free from the base or cohering to form a tube which is open on one side, the lobes spreading or recurved; stamens 4" Proteaceae
175 "Perianth segments scarious, narrow-Ianceolate, erect; each flower with 2 bracteoles similar to the perianth" Amaranthaceae
175 "Perianth segments herbaceous or becoming succulent, rather broad and with incurved tips; bracteoles absent (except in pistillate flowers of Atriplex where the bracteoles are herbaceous); ovary superior or rarely half inferior" 176
176 "Periantb 4-lobed, persistent; fruit an achene, seed erect, embryo straight" Urticaceae
176 "Perianth usually 5-lobed, persistent; fruit a nutlet, seed usually horizontal, embryo curved" Chenopodiaceae
177 "Perianth sepaloid becoming succulent; fruit succulent, red or orange coloured" Chenopodiaceae
177 "Perianrh sepaloid; fruit either a capsule or a nutlet, the latter enclosed by the persistent receptacle surmounted by the perianth" Caryophyllaceae
178 "Small tufted herb; leaf blades 2–12 cm long" Apiaceae
178 "Robust stoloniforous herb; leaf blade usually 2–3 cm long" Haloragaceae
179 "Ovary 2– or –4-Iocular; perianth members 4–5 or absent" 180
179 "Not as above" 181
180 "Ovary 3-locular (occasionally 2-locular but then the flower with 6 perianth members)" Euphorbiaceae
180 "Ovary 5-locular" Aizoaceae
181 "Plant growing in water, the terminal leaves forming a rosette at the surface" Callitrichaceae
181 "Plant growing on land" 182
182 "Ovary superior" Brassicaceae
182 "Ovary inferior" 183
183 "Leaves radical or alternate, often deeply divided; flowers in umbels sometimes reduced to heads" Apiaceae
183 "Not as above" 184
184 "Leaves opposite or whorled, entire; flowers solitary, or few together in terminal and axillary cymes, sometimes in heads" Rubiaceae
184 "Leaves alternate, fleshy; flowers solitary" Aizoaceae
185 "Perianth sepaloid, the lobes at the apex of a cup-shaped receptacle which encloses the carpels" Rosaceae
185 "Perianth minute or absent; small herb growing in water" Haloragaceae
186 "Submerged water plant; leaves whorled, much dissected, flowers axillary, with 4 carpels (Myriophyllum aquaticum, only pistillate plants recorded in Tasmania)" Haloragaceae
186 "Land plant; herb, shrub or tree" 187
187 "Leaves usually absent at time of flowering; plant 30–80 cm high, much-branched from the base; stems green, flattened or triangular in section; flowers small, in sessile clusters at the nodes subtended by small, brown, fringed bracts" Euphorbiaceae
187 "Leaves usually present at time of flowering (except in some deciduous willows)" 188
188 "Deciduous tree, sometimes with weeping habit; flowers in catkins, each flower solitary in the axil of a bract, perianth absent" Salicaceae
188 "Herb, or evergreen shrub or tree; flowers not in catkins" 189
189 "Tree with opposite leaves; flowers with perianth members 7–10, petaloid; carpels 10–20, free; stamens indefinite in number" Monimiaceae
189 "Herb, undershrub or shrub with leaves opposite or alternate, or tree with leaves alternate" 190
190 "Herb with leaves lanceolate to hastate, stipulate, the stipules scarious and stem-clasping" Polygonaceae
190 "Herb, shrub or tree, leaves not as above" 191
191 "Perianth of 2 distinct whorls (petals and sepals)" 192
191 "Perianth of 1 whorl" 197
192 "Herb with opposite, exstipulate leaves; flowers white, slightly evening-scented" Caryophyllaceae
192 Shrub 193
193 "Leaves alternate, with small stipules" Malvaceae
193 "Not as above" 194
194 "Flowers 2 cm or more in diameter with conspicuous petaloid sepals; stout herb or woody climber" Ranunculaceae
194 "Flowers less than 1.5 cm in diameter" 195
195 "Perianth members joined to form a petalaid tube with short lobes; stamens 2" Thymelaeaceae
195 "Perianth members free or nearly so, spreading" 196
196 "Herb, branched from the base with slender branches 30–60 cm high; leaves linear; perianth members 4; stamens c. 8; carpels 2" Gyrostemonaceae
196 "Tall or low shrub or small undershrub but woody at the base; perianth members 5–6; stamens 3–9 or numerous; carpels 3" Euphorbiaceae
197 "Leaves alternate, exstipulate; rather thick, aromatic when crushed; young stems crimson" Winteraceae
197 "Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar stipules" Rubiaceae