1	"Inflorescences clearly exceeded by the upper leaves, often completely or almost completely enclosed in the upper leaf sheaths; culms 1-30(75) cm tall"	2
1	"Inflorescences usually equaling or exceeding the upper leaves; culms 1-500 cm tall"	11
2	"Lemmas 3-lobed, the lobes ciliate; spikelets with 4 florets"	Blepharidachne
2	"Both glumes much longer than the florets, usually exceeding the distal florets; plants annual"	3
3	"Spikelets (and often the plants) unisexual"	4
3	"Spikelets bisexual, usually at least the lowest floret in each spikelet bisexual, in Dasyochloa the third floret in each spikelet bisexual or pistillate, if pistillate, the lowest 2 florets staminate"	6
4	"Leaves strongly distichous; lemmas 9-11-veined; plants unisexual, growing in saline and alkaline soils"	Distichlis
4	"Leaves not strongly distichous; lemmas 1-5-veined; plants unisexual or, if bisexual, with separate pistillate and staminate inflorescences, growing in a variety of soils"	5
5	"Spikelets 5-26 mm long; pistillate and staminate inflorescences similar, simple panicles; glumes and lemmas unawned, mucronate, or 1-awned"	Eragrostis
5	"Spikelets 2.5-7 mm long; pistillate and staminate inflorescences strongly dimorphic; staminate inflorescences with pectinate, spikelike branches; pistillate spikelets with conspicuously 3-awned glumes or distal florets"	Bouteloua
6	"Lemma margins with a tuft of hairs at midlength, glabrous elsewhere; blades with white, thickened margins and sharply pointed"	"Munroa {Munroa squarrosa}"
6	"Lemma margins glabrous, or with hairs but the hairs not forming a tuft at midlength; blades without white cartilaginous margins, not sharply pointed"	7
7	"Lemmas awned, the awns 1-11 mm long"	8
7	"Lemmas unawned, sometimes mucronate, with mucros less than 1 mm long"	9
8	"Plants stoloniferous; inflorescences 1-2.5 cm long, dense panicles; lemmas bilobed, the lobes about 1/2 as long as the lemmas; ligules of hairs"	"Dasyochloa {Dasyochloa pulchella}"
8	"Plants not stoloniferous; inflorescences 1.5-76 cm long, not dense; lemmas entire or minutely bilobed; ligules membranous, sometimes ciliate"	Leptochloa
9	"Spikelets with 2-20 florets; inflorescences panicles of 2-120 spikelike branches"	Leptochloa
9	"Spikelets with 1(3) florets; inflorescences simple panicles, often highly contracted, without spikelike branches"	10
10	"Inflorescences 0.3-7.5 cm long, dense, spikelike or capitate panicles 1-8 times longer than wide; glumes strongly keeled; plants annual"	Crypsis
10	"Inflorescences 1-60 cm long, sometimes dense and spikelike but, if less than 8 cm long, more than 8 times longer than wide; glumes rounded or weakly keeled; plants annual or perennial"	Sporobolus
11	"Inflorescences with disarticulating branches, disarticulation at the base of the branches or (in Lycurus) the fused pedicels; branches 0.04-7 cm long, often globose or spikelike (fused to the rachis and not evident in Lycurus), usually with fewer than 15 spikelets per branch"	12
11	"Inflorescences without disarticulating branches; branches, if present, often more than 4.5 cm long, variously shaped, including spikelike but not globose, often with more than 16 spikelets per branch (22)"	20
12	"Upper glumes with straight or uncinate spinelike projections; spikelets crowded, the branches condensed into burs"	Tragus
12	"Upper glumes without spinelike projections; spikelets sometimes crowded, but not forming burlike clusters"	13
13	"Branches not fused to the rachises; spikelets more than 3 per branch, usually all alike, sometimes the proximal spikelet sterile or replaced with short secondary branches"	14
13	"Branches sometimes fused to the rachises; spikelets 1-3 per branch, usually some spikelets on each branch sterile or staminate and 1 pistillate or bisexual"	16
14	"Both glumes much longer than the florets, usually exceeding the distal florets; plants annual"	"Dinebra {Dinebra retroflexa}"
14	"Lower glumes shorter than or subequal to the lower florets, 1 or both glumes usually exceeded by the distal florets; plants usually perennial"	15
15	"Spikelets with 1-2(3) florets; branches disarticulating promptly, before the spikelets disarticulate"	Bouteloua
15	"Spikelets with 2-8 florets; branches disarticulating tardily, initially the spikelets disarticulating above the glumes"	Pogonarthria
16	"Axes of the branches extending beyond the base of the distal florets"	Bouteloua
16	"Axes of the branches terminating at the base of the distal spikelet"	17
17	"Spikelets in pairs; glumes awned, the lower glumes (1)2(3)-awned, the upper glumes 1-awned; panicle branches often fused to the rachises"	Lycurus
17	"Spikelets in triplets; glumes unawned, 1-awned, or 3-awned; panicle branches sometimes appressed, but not fused, to the rachises"	18
18	"Branches straight at the base; central spikelets sessile"	Hilaria
18	"Branches sharply curved at the base; central spikelets sessile or pedicellate"	19
19	"Central spikelets with 1 bisexual floret; lateral spikelets with 1 floret, varying to rudimentary"	"Aegopogon {Aegopogon tenellus}"
19	"Central spikelets with 3-4 florets, the lowest floret pistillate, bisexual, or staminate, the distal florets staminate or sterile; lateral spikelets usually with 2 florets"	Cathestecum
20	"Inflorescences spikes or racemes"	21
20	"Inflorescences simple panicles (sometimes highly condensed) or panicles of 1-120 spikelike branches"	30
21	"Spikelets with 1 bisexual or staminate floret and no additional florets"	22
21	"Spikelets with more than 1 floret but sometimes only 1 floret bisexual, the additional florets sterile or staminate"	24
22	"Rachises falcate or curved; both glumes exceeding the florets"	"Microchloa {Microchloa kunthii}"
22	"Rachises straight; lower glumes exceeded by the florets, sometimes absent"	23
23	"Spikelets solitary at each node; disarticulation below the glumes or the spikelets not disarticulating"	Zoysia
23	"Spikelets paired, terminal on branches that are fused to the rachises; disarticulation at the base of the fused pedicel pairs"	Lycurus
24	"All spikelets unisexual, the functional florets either staminate or pistillate; plants either unisexual or with both pistillate and staminate spikelets"	25
24	"Some or all spikelets bisexual, the florets bisexual or unisexual, but both staminate and pistillate florets present within an individual spikelet"	27
25	"Lemmas 9-11-veined; plants of saline habitats"	Distichlis
25	"Lemmas 3-veined; plants of various habitats"	26
26	"Lemmas of the pistillate florets with awns 3.4-6.8 mm long; branches of staminate inflorescences pectinate; staminate spikelets with 1 floret"	Bouteloua
26	"Lemmas of the pistillate florets with awns 30-150 mm long; branches of staminate inflorescences not pectinate; staminate spikelets with 5-20 florets"	"Scleropogon {Scleropogon brevifolius}"
27	"Lemmas of the pistillate or bisexual florets with awns 30-150 mm long; bisexual florets rarely found"	"Scleropogon {Scleropogon brevifolius}"
27	"Lemmas of the bisexual florets unawned or with awns less than 10 mm long; pistillate florets not present"	28
28	"Inflorescences 5-15 cm long, apparently a pectinate spike, actually a solitary, pectinate, spikelike branch"	Ctenium
28	"Inflorescences 1.5-10 cm long, spikes, spikelike racemes, or panicles, linear or densely cylindrical to ovoid"	29
29	"Inflorescences linear, (1.5)4-10 cm long; rachises not concealed by the spikelets"	"Tripogon {Tripogon spicatus}"
29	"Inflorescences cylindrical to ovoid, 1.5-5 cm long; rachises concealed by the spikelets"	"Fingerhuthia {Fingerhuthia africana}"
30	"Inflorescences simple panicles, sometimes highly contracted, even spikelike in appearance; spikelike branches not evident"	31
30	"Inflorescences panicles of spikelike branches, the branches digitately or racemosely arranged on the rachises"	55
31	"Spikelets usually with only 1 floret, occasionally with 2-3 florets"	32
31	"Spikelets with more than 1 floret"	37
32	"Ligules membranous, hyaline, or coriaceous, sometimes ciliate; lemmas 3-veined (occasionally appearing 5-veined), usually awned, sometimes unawned or mucronate"	33
32	"Ligules of hairs; lemmas 1(3)-veined, unawned, sometimes mucronate"	35
33	"Lemmas and paleas densely sericeous over the veins and margins, glabrous between the veins"	"Blepharoneuron {Blepharoneuron tricholepis}"
33	"Lemmas and paleas glabrous or variously hairy but not densely sericeous over the veins and margins"	34
34	"Lemmas usually awned or mucronate; spikelets usually with 1 floret"	Muhlenbergia
34	"Lemmas unawned or mucronate; spikelets frequently with 2-3 florets"	Eragrostis
35	"Panicles 0.3-4(7.5) cm long, 3-15 mm wide, spikelike or capitate, 1-8 times longer than wide; plants annual"	Crypsis
35	"Panicles 1-80 cm long, 2-600 mm wide, dense to open, if less than 8 cm long, often 10 or more times longer than wide; plants annual or perennial"	36
36	"Calluses usually glabrous or almost so; paleas glabrous; fruits falling free of the lemma and palea"	Sporobolus
36	"Calluses evidently hairy, the hairs 1/4-7/8 as long as the lemmas; paleas hairy; fruits falling with the lemma and palea"	Calamovilfa
37	"Lemmas with (5)9-11 veins (the lateral veins obscure in Allolepis)"	38
37	"Lemmas with 1-3 veins (occasionally with scabrous lines that may be mistaken for additional veins)"	45
38	"Spikelets unisexual; plants almost always unisexual, occasionally bisexual"	39
38	"All spikelets with at least 1 bisexual floret"	41
39	"Lemmas 9-11-veined; glumes 2-7 veined; plants rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous, found in saline or alkaline soils"	Distichlis
39	"Lemmas 1-6-veined; lower glumes of the staminate spikelets 1-veined, those of the pistillate spikelets 1-5-veined; plants stoloniferous or rooting at the lower nodes, not rhizomatous, not found in saline or alkaline soils"	40
40	"Plants perennial, stoloniferous; paleas of the pistillate florets completely surrounding the ovaries, the intercostal region coriaceous"	"Allolepis {Allolepis texana}"
40	"Plants annual, rooting at the lower nodes; paleas of the pistillate florets not completely surrounding the ovaries, the intercostal region membranous or hyaline"	Eragrostis
41	"Glumes longer than the adjacent lemmas"	42
41	"Glumes shorter than the adjacent lemmas"	43
42	"Glumes exceeded by the distal florets; spikelets with 3-7 bisexual florets plus reduced distal florets; lemmas of the bisexual florets 5-7-veined throughout"	"Swallenia {Swallenia alexandrae}"
42	"Glumes exceeding the distal florets; spikelets with 2-4 florets, only the lowest floret bisexual; lemmas of the bisexual florets 3-veined basally, 5-7-veined distally"	"Fingerhuthia {Fingerhuthia africana}"
43	"Spikelets ovate-elliptical to ovate-triangular, 15-50 mm long, 6-16 mm wide; lower florets sterile, without paleas"	"Uniola {Uniola paniculata}"
43	"Spikelets usually elliptical to lanceolate, 1-26 mm long, 0.6-9 mm wide; lower florets in each spikelet bisexual, with paleas"	44
44	"Calluses glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lemmas (1)3(5)-veined; spikelets 1-26 mm long, 0.6-9 mm wide"	Eragrostis
44	"Calluses densely pubescent; lemmas 5-, 7-, or 9-veined; spikelets 10-16 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide"	"Vaseyochloa {Vaseyochloa multinervosa}"
45	"Florets unisexual"	46
45	"At least 1 floret in each spikelet bisexual"	48
46	"Staminate and pistillate florets strongly dimorphic; plants unisexual or bisexual, bisexual plants with unisexual or bisexual spikelets; pistillate spikelets with 3-5 functional florets and lemma awns (30)50-150 mm long; staminate spikelets with 5-10(20) florets and unawned or shortly awned (to 3 mm) lemmas"	"Scleropogon {Scleropogon brevifolius}"
46	"Staminate and pistillate florets similar; plants unisexual; spikelets with 4-60 florets, all or almost all functional; lemmas 1.5-10.5 mm, unawned, sometimes mucronate"	47
47	"Plants perennial, stoloniferous; paleas of the pistillate florets completely surrounding the ovaries, the intercostal region coriaceous"	"Allolepis {Allolepis texana}"
47	"Plants annual, rooting at the lower nodes; paleas of the pistillate florets not completely surrounding the ovaries, the intercostal region membranous or hyaline"	Eragrostis
48	"Lemmas, including the calluses, glabrous or inconspicuously hairy; lemma apices usually entire, sometimes minutely toothed"	49
48	"Lemma bodies conspicuously hairy over the veins and/or calluses conspicuously hairy; lemma apices usually with emarginate, bilobed, or trilobed apices, sometimes entire"	50
49	"Spikelets with (1)2-60 florets; lemmas unawned, sometimes mucronate; ligules usually membranous and ciliate or ciliolate, sometimes of hairs"	Eragrostis
49	"Spikelets with 1(2-3) florets; lemmas often awned, sometimes unawned or mucronate; ligules membranous, sometimes ciliolate, not ciliate"	Muhlenbergia
50	"Leaf margins evidently cartilaginous"	Erioneuron
50	"Leaf margins not cartilaginous"	51
51	"Palea keels long hairy distally, the distal hairs 0.5-2 mm long"	Triplasis
51	"Palea keels glabrous or with hairs less than 0.5 mm long"	52
52	"Lemmas unawned, the midveins sometimes excurrent up to 0.5 mm"	53
52	"Lemmas awned, the awns 1-7 mm long"	54
53	"Lemmas rounded to truncate, emarginate to bilobed; all 3 lemma veins often pilose basally"	Tridens
53	"Lemmas acute, entire or with 3 minute teeth, glabrous or shortly pubescent on the distal 2/3, the pubescence not confined to the veins"	"Redfieldia {Redfieldia flexuosa}"
54	"Plants 80-500 cm tall; panicles 35-73 cm long, plumose; lemma margins pilose; lemma apices bifid, awned from between the teeth; awns about 3 mm long"	Neyraudia
54	"Plants to 2-90 cm tall; panicles 6-30 cm long, not plumose; lemma margins sparsely pilose; lemma apices 3-4-lobed or -toothed and 3-awned; central awns 5-7 mm long, lateral awns 6-7 mm long"	"Triraphis {Triraphis mollis}"
55	"Inflorescence branches 1 or more, if more than 1, arranged in terminal, digitate clusters, sometimes with additional branches or whorls below the terminal cluster"	56
55	"Inflorescence branches more than 1, racemosely arranged on the rachises"	68
56	"Inflorescences with 1(2) falcate branches"	57
56	"Inflorescences with more than 1 branch or, if only 1, the branch not strongly falcate"	58
57	"Spikelets with 2 well-developed sterile or staminate florets below the bisexual florets; additional sterile or staminate florets present distal to the bisexual floret"	Ctenium
57	"Spikelets usually with 1, rarely 2, florets, the lowest or only floret bisexual"	"Microchloa {Microchloa kunthii}"
58	"Plants unisexual"	Bouteloua
58	"Plants bisexual, all spikelets with at least 1 bisexual floret"	59
59	"Spikelets with more than 1 bisexual floret"	60
59	"Spikelets usually with only 1 bisexual floret (occasionally 2 in some genera), often with additional staminate, sterile, or modified florets"	64
60	"Panicle branches 0.4-7 cm long, terminating in a point"	Dactyloctenium
60	"Panicle branches 1-22 cm long, terminating in a functional or rudimentary spikelet"	61
61	"Disarticulation eventually below the glumes, initially below the lemmas and caryopses, the paleas persistent; panicle branches terminating in a rudimentary spikelet"	"Acrachne {Acrachne racemosa}"
61	"Disarticulation above the glumes, usually also below the florets; panicle branches terminating in a functional spikelet"	62
62	"Lemmas 3-awned, the central awns 8-12 mm long"	Trichloris
62	"Lemmas not 3-awned"	63
63	"Lemmas usually with hairs over the veins, at least basally, the apices often toothed, sometimes mucronate or awned"	Leptochloa
63	"Lemmas glabrous, the apices entire, neither mucronate nor awned"	Eleusine
64	"Spikelets usually without sterile or modified florets; lemmas unawned"	Cynodon
64	"Spikelets with 1 or more sterile florets distal to the bisexual floret; lemmas of the bisexual florets often awned"	65
65	"Lowest lemmas in the spikelets 3-awned, the central awns 8-12 mm long, the lateral awns 0.5-12 mm long"	Trichloris
65	"Lowest lemmas in the spikelets usually unawned or with a single awn, if 3-awned, the lateral awns less than 0.5 mm long"	66
66	"Spikelets dorsally compressed"	Enteropogon
66	"Spikelets laterally compressed or terete"	67
67	"Upper glumes truncate or bilobed; lowest lemmas unawned or with an awn to 1.2 mm long"	Eustachys
67	"Upper glumes acute to acuminate; lowest lemmas usually awned, the awns to 37 mm long"	Chloris
68	"All spikelets unisexual"	Bouteloua
68	"All spikelets with at least 1 bisexual floret"	69
69	"Inflorescence branches woody, terminating in hard, sharp points"	"Cladoraphis {Cladoraphis cyperoides}"
69	"Inflorescence branches not particularly stiff or rigid, terminating in spikelets or points"	70
70	"Spikelets with more than 1 bisexual floret, sometimes also with reduced florets"	71
70	"Spikelets with 1 bisexual floret, sometimes with sterile, rudimentary, or modified florets distal to the bisexual floret"	75
71	"Lemmas 7-11-veined, mucronate, the mucros 0.1-0.3 mm long; not established in the Flora region"	"Aeluropus {Aeluropus littoralis}"
71	"Lemmas 3-veined, unawned, mucronate, or awned, the awns often much more than 1 mm long; established in the Flora region"	72
72	"Lower glumes exceeding the lowest lemmas, sometimes exceeding the distal lemmas"	"Trichoneura {Trichoneura elegans}"
72	"Lower glumes not or only slightly exceeding the lowest lemmas"	73
73	"Inflorescences with 50 or more closely spaced, arcuate, tardily deciduous branches"	"Pogonarthria {Pogonarthria squarrosa}"
73	"Inflorescences with 2-120 straight, non-disarticulating branches"	74
74	"Spikelets with (2)3-12(20) bisexual florets"	Leptochloa
74	"Spikelets with 2-4 florets, but only the lowest 1(2) florets bisexual"	Gymnopogon
75	"Functional spikelets with sterile, rudimentary, or modified florets distal to the bisexual floret"	76
75	"Functional spikelets with only 1 floret, lacking sterile, rudimentary, or modified florets"	78
76	"Spikelets widely spaced to slightly imbricate, appressed to the branch axes"	Gymnopogon
76	"Spikelets densely imbricate, varying from appressed to strongly divergent"	77
77	"Inflorescence branches usually solitary at each node (sometimes only 1 per panicle); spikelets laterally compressed or terete"	Bouteloua
77	"Inflorescence branches usually more than 1 at the lower nodes; spikelets dorsally compressed"	Enteropogon
78	"Spikelets distant to slightly imbricate, appressed to the branches; branches strongly divergent"	79
78	"Spikelets clearly imbricate, appressed to strongly divergent; branches appressed to strongly divergent"	80
79	"Blades with thick, white margins and a well-developed midrib"	"Schedonnardus {Schedonnardus paniculatus}"
79	"Blades lacking both thick, white margins and well-developed midribs"	Gymnopogon
80	"Spikelets laterally compressed, appressed to divergent"	Spartina
80	"Spikelets dorsally compressed, appressed"	"Willkommia {Willkommia texana}"