1 "Plants glabrous" 2 1 "Plants hairy, sometimes pilose" 47 2 "Fruits less than 3 times as long as wide (silicles)" 3 2 "Fruits at least 4 times longer than wide" 25 3 "Fruits stronglycompressed, flat" 4 3 "Fruits not or scarcely compressed, ovoid inflated or with crested valves" 17 4 "Silicles jointed, lower portion narrow, stalk-like dehiscent, upper portion much larger, broadly winged, indehiscent; stigma lobes conical, decurrent" "Fortuynia {Fortuynia bungei}" 4 "Silicles not jointed, winged or not; stigma lobes short, neither conicalnor decurrent" 5 5 "Silices compressed, parallel to septum, not winged" 6 5 "Silicles compressed at right angles to the septum, usually winged" 8 6 "Septa incomplete or lacking; silicles elliptic, not stipitate; seeds not winged" "Graellsia {Graellsia chitralensis}" 6 "Septa complete; silicles broadly ellpitic, oblong, stipitate; seeds winged" 7 7 "Leaves fleshy, lower subsessile or very shortly petiolate, oblong-cuneate to elliptic; silicles small; flowers small" "Savignya {Savignya parviflora}" 7 "Leaves ovate-cordate, lower leaves long-petiolate; silicles larges; flowers large (cultivated plants)" "Lunaria {Lunaria annua}" 8 "Fruits pendulous" 9 8 "Fruits not usually not pendulous, rarely slightly so in Thlaspi" 10 9 "Stigmas sessile or styless absent; fruits usually oblong and narrowly winged, rarely suborbicular" Isatis 9 "Styles very short but distinct; fruits more or less orbicular and broadly winged" "Sameraria {Sameraria armena}" 10 "Fruits with 1-2 seeds" 11 10 "Fruits with 4 to many seeds" 15 11 "Leaves bipinnatisect with narrow lobes" 12 11 "Leaves entire to 1-pinnatisect with broader lobes" 13 12 "Fruits abut 2 mm in diameter,with verrucose and inflated valves, separating into 2 1-seeds parts" "Coronopus {Coronopus didymus}" 12 "Fruits about 10 mm in diamter, with membranous, compressed, smooth valves, dehiscent" Uranodactylus 13 "Silicles broadly winged, sometimes dimorphic, the dehiscent ones usually 2-4(-6) seeded and the indehiscent ones less common,1-seeded" "Aethionema {Aethionema carneum}" 13 "Silicles not winged, all alike" 14 14 "Silicles not strongly compressed, valves boat-shaped; septa somewhat wide; leaves usually1-pinnatisect" "Winklera {Winklera patrinoides}" 14 "Silicles strongly compressed, valves keeled; septa very narrow; leaves usually simple" Lepidium 15 "Plants heterocarpous with condensed infructescences; silicles usually about 4-seeded, winged, smetimes only 1-seeded" Aethionema 15 "{;ants homocarpous, usually in elongated infructescences; silicles more than 4-seeded" 16 16 "Silicles usually more or less winged, usually very compressed (rarely wings suppressed or lacking); cauline leaves sessile, usally auricles at the base" Thlaspi 16 "Silicles not compressed, the valves boat-shaped, not winged, very small; cauline leaves cuneate below" Hymenolobus 17 "Fruits vesicular or inflated, about 7 mm in diameter" "Didymophysa {Didymophysa fedtschenkoana}" 17 "Fruits not vesicular" 18 18 "Silicles with 2 crests" "Dilophia {Dilophia salsa}" 18 "Silicles not 2-crested" 19 19 "Basal leaves petiolate, large; blades more or less cordate at the base" "Crambe {Crambe cordifolia}" 19 "Basal leaves neither petiolate nor cordate" 20 20 "Fruiting pedicels deflexed or recurved" 21 20 "Fruiting pedicels erect, ascending, or spreading, straight" 22 21 "Petals yellow; leaves entire; fruits cymbiform, with inflated locules and narrow flattened apices" Tauscheria 21 "Petals violet or purplish; leaves dentate; fruits oblong, tetragonous with angular apices, often constricted in the middle" Goldbachia 22 "Fruits many seeded" 23 22 "Fruits 1-2-seeded" 24 23 "Flowers yellow; plants aquatic or amphibious" Rorippa 23 "Flowers white, rarely yellowich or lilac; plants terrestrial" "Cochlearia {Cochlearia conwayi}" 24 "Plants annual; flowers yello; fruits not jointed, tegraonous, narrowly winged; 1-seeded" "Boreava {Boreava orientalis}" 24 "Plants perennial; flowers white, pinkish, or pale yllowishl fruits jointed, globose, shortly beaked, smooth 1-2-seeded" Physorrhynchus 25 "Fruits biarticulated, beaked or with a short, beak-like stylar tip" 26 25 "Fruits neither jointed nor beaked" 34 26 "Stigmas lobes concial and decurrent" 27 26 "Stigma lobes short, usally captiate, rarely slightly conical, not decurrent" 30 27 "Petals yellow; plants annual" Conringia 27 "Petals pink or lilac; plants perennial" 28 28 "Plants more or less scapose, flowering stems leafless" Parrya 28 "Plants with leafy flowering stems" 29 29 "Cauline leaves amplexicaul; petals obovate" "Moricandia {Moricandia sinaica}" 29 "Cauline leaves narrowed below, not amplexicaul; petals linear" "Douepia {Douepia tortuosa}" 30 "Fruits dehiscent with more or less membranous valves" 31 30 "Fruits indehiscent, with lomentoid with thickened valves" 33 31 "Scapes 1-flowered; leaves linear; plants small, cespitose" "Pycnoplinthus {Pycnoplinthus uniflorus}" 31 "Scapes many floweed; leaves not linear; plants tall" 32 32 "Seeds biseriate; flowers violet or pinkish-white; fruit beaks short" Diplotaxis 32 "Seeds uniseriate; flowers yellow; fruits usally long-beaked, sometimes short" Brassica 33 "Leaves entire or dentate; petals yellow; fruits spindle-shaped, often spirally curved with a long beak" "Spirorrhynchus {Spirorrhynchus sabulosus}" 33 "Leaves bipinnatisect; fuits small, torulose with a very short beak" Erucaria 34 "Fruits 1-locular, more or less winged or withthickened margins, pendulous" Isatis 34 "Fruits 2-locular, compressed parallel to septum, not winged, rarely pendulous" 35 35 "Lower or basal leaves simple, entire or dentate'" 36 35 "Lower ir basal leaves pinnate or pinnatifid" 44 36 "Rootstocks thickened, somewhat woody; basal leaves obovate, much larger than cauline leaves; fruits short and basal, more or less curved with sessile stigmas" "Arcyosperma {Arcyosperma primulifolium}" 36 "Plants annual or, if perennial rootstocks not thickened; cauline leaves not so small; fruits usually long, linear with a more or less conspicuous style" 37 37 "Cauline leaves absent or amplexicaul" 38 37 "Cauline leaves always present, uually not amplexical, sessile or shortly petiolate" 40 38 "Cauline leaves absent; stigmas with conical and decurrent lobes" Parrya 38 "Cauline leaves amplexicaul; stigmas short, capitate or bilobed, not decurrent" 39 39 "Cauline leaves many; fruiting pedicels often thickeneded, ascending or spreading" Turritis 39 "Cauline leaves few, well spaced; fruiting pedicels often thickened, ascending to spreading" Arabis 40 "Petals small; stigmas short, depressed; plants usually annuals" Arabidopsis 40 "Petals prominent; stigmas bilobed; plants usually perennial" 41 41 "Leaves spathulate, usually 3-5-dentate distally; septa complete, incomplete, or absent" Christolea 41 "Leaves elliptic,entire to dentate; septa complete" 42 42 "Seeds 2-seriate; fruits flat, shortly stipitate" Diplotaxis 42 "Seeds in 1-seriate; fruits with more or less rounded vales, not stipitate" 43 43 "Petals 5-15 m long; stigmas capitate" Sisymbrium 43 "Petals 20-30 mm long; stigmas bilobed" "Hesperis {Hesperis matronalis}" 44 "Leaf segments filiform; flowers distant, solitary or few" "Leptaleum {Leptaleum filifolium}" 44 "Leaf segments not filiform; flowers in racemes" 45 45 "Leaves 2-3- pinnasect with narrow, short lobes; fruits often curved, not opening from below" Descurainia 45 "Leaves simply pinnate to entire-denticulate" 46 46 "Fruits straight, opening from below upwards; seeds in 1-seriate" Cardamine 46 "Fruits more or less curved, opening uniformly; seeds more or less 2-seriate" Nasturtium 47 "Hairs simoke" 48 47 "Hairs branched or stellate, sometimes glandular and intermixed" 95 48 "Fruits usualless than 3 times as long as wide" 49 48 "Fruits 4 or more times as long as wide" 72 49 "Fruits compressed, very rarely not compressed but winged or didymous" 50 49 "Frtuis not compressed, neither winged nor didymous" 60 50 "Petals usually yellow, sometimes white with violet veins" 51 50 "Petal pink or white or absent" 54 51 "Fruits erect and dehiscent" Draba 51 "Fruits oendulous and indehiscent or breaking away into 2 1-seeded halves" 52 52 "Plants very tall with large, pinnate leaves; fruits large, 2-locular, breaking into 2 1-seeded halves" Megacarpaea 52 "Plants small with simple leaves; fruits small, indehiscent, 1-locular" 53 53 "Stigmas sessile or subsessile" Isatis 53 "Stigmas on distinct bu very short styles" Sameraria 54 "Racemes axillary; fruit valves thickended, verrucose" "Coronopus {Coronopus didymus}" 54 "Racemes termina; fruit valves membranous" 55 55 "Fruits compressed parallel to the septa" 56 55 "Fruits slightly to very compressed contrary to septa" 57 56 "Cauline leaves present; seeds winged" "Savignya {Savignya parviflora}" 56 "Cauline leaves absent; seeds not winged" Erophila 57 "Fruits not very compressed; valves boat-shaped; septa not very narrow" Winklera 57 "Fruits very compressed; septa very narrow" 58 58 "Fruits more or less winged; plants cultivated" "Iberis {Iberis amara}" 58 "Fruits not or slightly winged distally; valves keeled" 59 59 "Fruits about 10 mm in diameter, not winged ; styles long; leaves 2-pinnatisect" "Uranodactylus {Uranodactylus silaifolius}" 59 "Fruits small, slightly or not winged at the tio, less than 5 mm in diameterl styles very short; cauline eaves usually entire or dentate" Lepidium 60 "Basal leaves long petiolate; fruits jointed" Crambe 60 "Basal leaves not long petiolate; fruits not jointed" 61 61 "Fruit valves dehiscent" 62 61 "Fruits indehiscent" 66 62 "Plants perennial, often with a somewhat thick rootstocks" 63 62 "Plants annual or biennial" 64 63 "Inflorescences more or less capitate; cauline leaves 0-1, narrow" Braya 63 "Inflorescences more or less sopen; cauline leaves several,spathulate" "Aphragmus {Aphragmus oxycarpus}" 64 "Leaves small, obovate, usually 3-dentate above to entire" "Lignariella {Lignariella obscura}" 64 "Leaves not so small, uniformly dentate to incised" 65 65 "Petals 6-7 mm long, yellowish-white; cauline leaves cordate and amplexicaul" Camelina 65 "Petals 1-3(-5)mm long, yellow; cauline leaves pinnatisect to entire, narrowed below, rarely slightly amplexicaul" Rorippa 66 "Plants biarticulated" 67 66 "Fruits not biarticulated" 68 67 "Fruits globose, smooth; stigmas sessile, depressed" Crambe 67 "Fruits globose, striate, slightly beaked" "Rapistrum {Rapistrum rugosum}" 68 "Petals yellow; fruits cymbiform" "Tauscheria {Tauscheria lasiocarpa}" 68 "Petals white or pinkish; fruits not cymbiform" 69 69 "Plants without aerial stems, scapes 1-flowered" "Pegaeophyton {Pegaeophyton scapiflorum}" 69 "Plants with aerial stems, with many flowers" 70 70 "Fruiting pedicels about 1.5 mm long,appressed to the inflorescence axes" Euclidium 70 "Fruiting pedicels longer and not appressed to the inflorescence axes" 71 71 "Petals white; pedicels scendings; fruits ovate to orbicular" Cardaria 71 "Petals pink pedicels recurved or deflexed; fruits tetragonous" Goldbachia 72 "Fruits beaked or biarticulate" 73 72 "Fruits neither beaked nor biarticulate" 83 73 "Fruiting pedicels appressed to the inflorescence axes" 74 73 "Fruiting pedicels not appresssed ot the inflorescence axes" 75 74 "Petals pink or lilac; leaf segments more or less lineae; pods shortly beaked" "Erucaria {Erucaria hispanica}" 74 "Petals yellow or white; leaf segments angular; pods with a prominent beak, more or less flat, angular" Sinapis 75 "Stigmas lobes conical and decurrent" 76 75 "Stigma lobes short, capitate or depressed, not decurrent" 79 76 "Fruits indehiscent and lomentoid" Chorispora 76 "All fruits, or at least the upper onces dehiscent, lower sometimes indehiscent" 77 77 "Petals yellowish with dark veins; fruits short with a prominent brk beak" "Eruca {Eruca sativa}" 77 "Petals whote, violet, or lilac, without dark veins; fruits long, with short, slender beaks" 78 78 "Plants annual and leafy; fruits generally dimorphic. The upper smooth, dehiscent, the lower usually indehiscent and lomentoid" "Diptychocarpus {Diptychocarpus strictus}" 78 "Plants perennial, scapose; fruits dehiscent" Parrya 79 "Fruits breaking transversely into segments" 80 79 "Fruits dehiscent by valve" 81 80 "Fruits shortly beaked; lower portions1-3-seeded" "Enarthrocarpus {Enarthrocarpus lyratus}" 80 "Fruits beaked, elongated; lower portions of fruits sterile" Raphanus 81 "Seeds biseriate, less than 1 mm in diameter; beaks very short" Diplotaxis 81 "Seeds uniseriate, seeds at least 1 mm in diamter; beaks pften prominent" 82 82 "Fruit-valves 1-veined; beaks not so flattened, tapering, rarely with indisinct beaks" Brassica 82 "Fruit valves 3-7-veined; beaks flattened, angular" Sinapis 83 "Leaves pinnatified or pinnatisect" 84 83 "Leaves simple, entire or dentate" 89 84 "Leaves 1-3-pinnasect" Descurainia 84 "Leaves pinnatified or simply pinnate" 85 85 "Petals yellow" 86 85 "Petals white or pink" 88 86 "Fruits pendulous, 1-celled, more or less winged" Isatis 86 "Fruits erect or spreading, 2-celed, not winged" 87 87 "Cauline leaves amplexicaul" Barbarea 87 "Cauline leaves not amplexicaul" Sisymbrium 88 "Fruiting pedicels more or less thickened; fruits subcylindrical, torulose, often curved or coiled at the tip" Torularia 88 "Fruiting pedicels not thickened; fruits more or less flat, smooth and straight" Cardamine 89 "Lower leaves long-petiolate, cordate; petals white" "Alliaria {Alliaria petiolata}" 89 "Lower leaves neither long-petiolate nor cordate; petals yellow, white, or pink" 90 90 "Fruits more or less winged, pendulous" Isatis 90 "Fruits neither winged nor pendulous" 91 91 "Plants ascending-prostrate,shortor depressed" 92 91 "Plants erect and often tall" 93 92 "Basal leaves much larger than the few cauline leaves; flowering stems hardly exceeding the basal leaves; stigmas capitate" "Arcyosperma {Arcyosperma primulifolium}" 92 "Leaves uniformly present and basal or not so, large; flowering stems exceeding the basal leaves; stigmas bilobed" Christolea 93 "Cauline leaves amplexicaul" Barbarea 93 "Cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate" 94 94 "Fruits usually beaked and biarticulated; cotyledons folded longitudinally" Brassica 94 "Fruits neither beaked no biarticulate; cotyledons not folded" Sisymbrium 95 "Fruits not elongated, silicles" 96 95 "Fruits elongated, siliques" 119 96 "Leaves pinnatisect; flowers usually solitary and axillary or in bracteate racemes" "Hedinia {Hedinia tibetica}" 96 "Leaves simple, entire or dentate; flowers usually in ebraceate racemes" 97 97 "Fruits more or less inflated with membranous valves, nevery horny" 98 97 "Fruits more or less terete, not inflated, often horny or with appendages" 100 98 "Hairs branched or a mix of branched and simple hairs, not appressed" Draba 98 "Hairs stellate or branched, appressed" 99 99 "Fruits orbicular or suorbicular, usally with more or less flattened, very narrow margins" Alyssum 99 "Fruits ovoid or suborbicular, without a flattened margin" "Ptilotrichum {Ptilotrichum canescens}" 100 "Fruiting pedicels appressed to the inflorescence axes; frtuis usually indehiscent, often horned or spiny" 101 100 "Fruiting pedicels not appressed, erect to spreading or reflexed; fruits usually dehiscent, neither horned nor spiny" 105 101 "Fruit tips 2-several horned or irregularly spiny" 102 101 "Fruits tips not horned but auriculate or beaked" 104 102 "Fruits more or less ovoid and irregularly spiny" "Octoceras {Octoceras lehmannianum}" 102 "Fruits more or less oblong and horned but only at the tip" 103 103 "Fruits with 2 horns" "Notoceras {Notoceras bicorne}" 103 "Fruits with 4 horns" Tetracme 104 "Fruit tips transversely auricled" "Anastatica {Anastatica hierochuntica}" 104 "Fruit tips not auricled, simply beaked" Euclidium 105 "Fruits obtriangular, strongly compressed at right angles to the septum" "Capsella {Capsella bursa-pastoris}" 105 "Fruits elliptic, orbicular or obovate, flattened parallel to the septum or not flattened" 106 106 "Fruiting pedicels deflexed or recurved" 107 106 "Fruiting pedicels erect to spreading" 108 107 "Flowers solitary, axillary; silicles dehiscent, well spaced" "Buchingera {Buchingera axillaris}" 107 "Flowers in ebracteate racemes; silicles indheiscent, crowded" Clypeola 108 "Cauline leaves sagittate, amplexicaul" 109 108 "Cauline leaves cuneate, sessile or petiolate" 110 109 "Silicles indehiscent, globose" "Neslia {Neslia apiculata}" 109 "Silicles dehiscent, elliptic or obovoid" Camelina 110 "Plants annual" 111 110 "Plants perennial" 114 111 "Plants small, more or less procumbent; leaves usually pinnatifid" "Hymenolobus {Hymenolobus procumbens}" 111 "Plants erect; leaves entire or dentate" 112 112 "Petals deeply bifid or absent" Erophila 112 "Petals entire, retuse, or emarginate" 113 113 "Hairs appressed, generally stelllate" Alyssum 113 "Hairs not appressed, branched or simple" Draba 114 "Leaves pinnatisect; flowers usually solitary and axillary or in bracteate racemes" Smelowskia 114 "Leaves simple, entire or dentate" 115 115 "Stigma lobes conical or decurrent" Farsetia 115 "Stigma lobes short and capitate, not decurrent" 116 116 "Silicles more or less orbicular" 117 116 "Silicles elliptic or oblong" 118 117 "Hairs, 2-branched, appressed; plants cultivated" "Lobularia {Lobularia maritima}" 117 "Hairs stellate-appressed" Alyssum 118 "Flowers yellow; radicle accumbent" Draba 118 "Flowers white or pink; radicles incumbent" Braya 119 "Plants perennial" 120 119 "Plants annual" 132 120 "Lower leaves pinnate or pinnatifid" 121 120 "Lower leaves entire or dentate" 123 121 "Petals dull or brownish, longer than 10 mm" Matthiola 121 "Petals white or pink, 3-8 mm long" 122 122 "Silique valves 1-veined" Arabidopsis 122 "Silique valves 3-veined" "Dontostemon {Dontostemon glandulosus}" 123 "Stigma lobes conical and decurrent" 124 123 "Stigma lobes short and capitate, not decurrent" 127 124 "Hairs bifid, appressed" Farsetia 124 "Halks branched or stellate, stalked" 125 125 "Siliques quadrangular in cross-section, 2 horned near the top" Diceratella 125 "Siliques from more or less compressed to teret, not horned near the top (stigma lobes sometimes with appendages in Matthiola" 126 126 "Fruits more or less flat; seeds winged" Matthiola 126 "Fruits subcylindrical or terete; seeds not winged" Hesperis 127 "Hairs appressed, bifid to stellate" 128 127 "Hairs stalked, not appressed, branched or stellate" 129 128 "Middle nectar glands present" Erysimum 128 "Middle nectar glands absent; plants cultivated" "Cheiranthus {Cheiranthus cheiri}" 129 "Plants not cespitose; stems leafy" Arabidopsis 129 "Plants cespitose and usually leafy" 130 130 "Petals dull whitish or dull yellow, turning purple" Phaeonychium 130 "Petals white or pink" 131 131 "Seeds biseriate" Draba 131 "Seeds uniseriate" Arabis 132 "Leaves pinnatifid or pinnate" 133 132 "Leaves entire or dentate; petals yellow; fruits spindle-shaped, often spirally curved with a long beak" 143 133 "Fruiting pedicels thickened" 134 133 "Fruits pedicels not thickened" 140 134 "Stigma lobes conical and decurrent" 135 134 "Stigma lobes short and capitate, not decurrent" 137 135 "Leaf lobes filiform; flowers few or solitary, distant" Leptaleum 135 "Leaf segments not filiform; flowers many, in racemes" 136 136 "Petals white, pink, or violet" Malcolmia 136 "Petals dull, brownish" Matthiola 137 "Fruits with 4 apical horns" Tetracme 137 "Fruits without horns" 138 138 "Leaves 2-pinnatisect" "Robeschia {Robeschia schimperi}" 138 "Leaves pinnatifid" 139 139 "Petals white or pink; hairs stalked" Torularia 139 "Petals yellow; hairs appressed" Erysimum 140 "Petals white or pink" 141 140 "Petals yellow" 142 141 "Plants usually small, up to 10 cm tall; siliques 10-25 mm long" Microsisymbrium 141 "Plants usually up to 40 cm tall; siliques usually 30-75 mm long" Arabidopsis 142 "Sepals narrow, linear; fruits 2 cm long or longer" "Descurainia {Descurainia sophia}" 142 "Sepals wide, oblong; fruits up to 1 cm long" Sophiopsis 143 "Hairs simple and appressed" 144 143 "Hairs stalked, branched or stellate" 146 144 "Fruiting pedicels thickened" Erysimum 144 "Fruiting pedicels not thickened" 145 145 "Plants tall and leafy; stigma lobes conical and decurrent" Farsetia 145 "Stigma lobes capitate, not decurrent" "Atelanthera {Atelanthera perpusilla}" 146 "Stigma lobes conical and decurrent" 147 146 "Stigma lobes capitate, not decurrent" 150 147 "Fruits indehiscent, lomenoid; inner stamen filaments often connate" "Sterigmostemum {Sterigmostemum purpurascens}" 147 "Fruits dehiscent; stamen filaments free" 148 148 "Stigma lobes laterally appendaged; petals dull, brownish" Matthiola 148 "Stigma lobes not appendaged; petals lilac,white, or pink" 149 149 "Leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, entire or dentate, often petiolate; fruiting pedicels thickened" Malcolmia 149 "Leaves linear-oblong, entire, sessile; fruiting pedicels not thickened, narrower than the fruits" "Eremobium {Eremobium aegyptium}" 150 "Fruiting pedicels about as thick as the fruits" 151 150 "Fruiting pedicels not thickened, narrowed than the fruits" 154 151 "Petals pale yellow or yellow" 152 151 "Petals pink or white" 153 152 "Plants scapose herbs, often small" "Drabopsis {Drabopsis verna}" 152 "Plants leafy herbs, often tall" Erysimum 153 "Plants ascending or procumbent; cauline leaves sessile; radicles incumbent" Torularia 153 "Plants more or less erect; cauline leaves often amplexicaul; radicles accumbent" Arabis 154 "Siliques about 5 mm wide and flat; seeds few, 4-5 mm in diamter, winged" "Cithareloma {Cithareloma lehmannii}" 154 "Siliques 1-3 mm wide, nos so flat; seeds many, not or hardly winged" 155 155 "Seeds biseriate" 156 155 "Seeds uniseriate" 157 156 "Caulne leaves amplexicaul; plants glaucous, slight hairy, usually 50-100 cm tall; siliques 50-90 mm long" "Turritis {Turritis glabra}" 156 "Cauline leaves absent or sessile; plants up to 20 cm tall, green and more or less hairy; siliques up to 15 mm long" Draba 157 "Cauline leaves often amplexicaul, with auriculate bases; petals white; radicles accumbent" Arabis 157 "Cauline leavs sessile or shortly petiolate, very rarely amplexicaul; petals yellow; radicles incumbent" Arabidopsis