1	"Spikes up to c. 12 mm wide, if up to 15 mm wide then elongating as mature flowers fall"	2
1	"Spikes equal to or greater than 12 mm wide, not elongating as mature flowers fall"	26
2	"Spikes semi-globose or globose, not elongating"	3
2	"Spikes broadly ovoid, ovoid, conical or cylindrical, elongating or not"	12
3	"Leaves filiform, linear, narrowly oblong or linear-lanceolate, up to 3 mm wide"	4
3	"Leaves lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 2–9 mm wide"	8
4	"Leaves filiform or linear, 0.5–1 mm wide"	"Gomphrena tenella"
4	"Leaves linear to narrowly oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1–3 mm wide"	5
5	"Spikes solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3; filaments united in a tube shorter than the fruit; pseudostaminodes present"	"Gomphrena lanata"
5	"Spikes solitary; filaments and pseudostaminodes not the above combination"	6
6	"Bracteoles oblanceolate or elliptic, hooded over tepals; tepals oblanceolate or narrowly obtrullate"	"Gomphrena cucullata"
6	"Bracteoles lanceolate or ovate, not hooded over tepals; tepals narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic"	7
7	"Filaments united for 3/4 or entire length in a tube approx. equal to, or slightly longer than, fruit apex; pseudostaminodes present"	"Gomphrena connata"
7	"Filaments united for 1/2–2/3 of their length in a tube shorter than the fruit; pseudostaminodes absent"	"Gomphrena pusilla"
8	"Leaves densely hairy below, less dense above"	9
8	"Leaves glabrous or sparsely hairy"	11
9	"Pseudostaminodes absent"	"Gomphrena leptoclada"
9	"Pseudostaminodes present"	10
10	"Leaves usually < 16 mm long, upper surface with spreading rough hairs; bracts up to 3.7 mm long; bracteoles equal to or slightly shorter than tepals (Pine Creek area, NT)"	"Gomphrena floribunda"
10	"Leaves usually > 16 mm long, upper surface with appressed to spreading soft hairs; bracts usually equal to or longer than 4 mm; bracteoles slightly to distinctly longer than tepals (Kimberley WA, Victoria River area NT)"	"Gomphrena brachystylis"
11	"Filaments united for most or all of length in a tube c. equal to, or slightly longer than, fruit apex; pseudostaminodes present"	"Gomphrena connata"
11	"Filaments united for 1/2–2/3 of length in a tube shorter than the fruit; pseudostaminodes absent"	"Gomphrena pusilla"
12	"Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 0.5–3 mm wide, if wider then up to 70(–100) mm long"	13
12	"Leaves lanceolate, ovate, narrowly elliptic or elliptic, oblanceolate or obovate, 2–19 mm wide"	23
13	"Inflorescence of dense clusters of many spikes and a few solitary ones (N and E coast of Cape York Peninsula)"	"Gomphrena conferta"
13	"Inflorescence a solitary spike or a cluster of up to 3 spikes at the most"	14
14	"Filaments united in a tube that is c. equal to, or slightly longer or shorter than, length of fruit"	15
14	"Filaments united in a tube distinctly shorter than length of fruit"	17
15	"Bracts broadly ovate; bracteoles slightly to distinctly longer than tepals; tepals oblanceolate or narrowly obtrullate"	"Gomphrena occulta"
15	"Bracts ovate; bracteoles equal to or slightly shorter than tepals; tepals narrowly oblong or lanceolate"	16
16	"Bracts up to 3 mm long; tepals narrowly oblong; pseudostaminodes present (Kimberley WA, north-western NT)"	"Gomphrena connata"
16	"Bracts 3 mm or more long; tepals lanceolate; pseudostaminodes absent (north-western Qld)"	"Gomphrena arida"
17	"Pseudostaminodes present, much shorter than free filament portions"	"Gomphrena leptophylla"
17	"Pseudostaminodes absent"	18
18	"Bracts 3–4 mm long; bracteoles oblanceolate or elliptic, 3.8–6 mm long, apex hooded over tepals"	"Gomphrena cucullata"
18	"Bracts up to 3.5 mm long; bracteoles lanceolate, ovate or broadly ovate, up to 4.1 mm long, apex straight"	19
19	"Perennial herb; leaves lanceolate to ovate or narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes linear, more or less densely hairy above and below or sparse above"	"Gomphrena diffusa"
19	"Annual herb; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely hairy above and below"	20
20	"All tepals usually glabrous or inner 2 tepals sparsely hairy"	"Gomphrena parviflora"
20	"All tepals densely hairy"	21
21	"Spikes 9–12 mm wide; tepals 3.5–5 mm long"	"Gomphrena breviflora"
21	"Spikes 5–9 mm wide; tepals up to 3.2 mm long"	22
22	"Bracteoles distinctly shorter than tepals, translucent throughout (Gulf of Carpentaria, Edward Pellew Islands and adjacent mainland, NT)"	"Gomphrena conica"
22	"Bracteoles equal to, or slightly longer or slightly shorter than tepals, opaque white for half of length or at apex only (Pilbara area, WA)"	"Gomphrena sordida"
23	"Filaments united into a tube longer than fruit"	"Gomphrena celosioides"
23	"Filaments united into a tube shorter than fruit"	24
24	"Tepals lanceolate, elliptic or oblanceolate, outer surface of all tepals hairy"	"Gomphrena eichleri"
24	"Tepals narrowly oblong, oblong or obovate, outer surface of all tepals glabrous, or sparsely hairy usually only on inner 2 tepals"	25
25	"Spikes solitary or clustered, short cylindrical; bracteoles slightly to distinctly longer than tepals"	"Gomphrena humifusa"
25	"Spikes usually only solitary, ovoid or conical to cylindrical; bracteoles equal to or slightly shorter than tepals"	"Gomphrena diffusa"
26	"Spikes sessile within an involucre of 10 or more leaves"	"Gomphrena involucrata"
26	"Spikes sessile within the uppermost 2 or 4(–18) leaves or pedunculate"	27
27	"Bracteoles equal to slightly shorter than or distinctly shorter than tepals"	28
27	"Bracteoles equal to slightly longer than or distinctly longer than tepals"	40
28	"Tepals up to 5.5 mm long; filaments united in a tube shorter than the fruit; pseudostaminodes present; style < 1 mm long"	29
28	"Tepals 5.2–16 mm long; filaments united in a tube longer than fruit, with or without pseudostaminodes (if tube shorter then pseudostaminodes absent); style > 1 mm long"	31
29	"Bracts 4–6.5 mm long; bracts, bracteoles and tepals deep red or orange fading to white"	"Gomphrena atrorubra"
29	"Bracts up to 3.7 mm long; bracts and bracteoles opaque white for 1/2 of their length or translucent throughout; tepals purple, pink, white or translucent"	30
30	"Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 11–43 mm long; habit erect to spreading to 30 cm high (occurs in north-eastern WA, throughout central and southern NT, central Qld)"	"Gomphrena lanata"
30	"Leaves lanceolate, 7–18 mm long; habit decumbent, with trailing stems to 60 cm or occasionally erect to c. 25 cm (occurs in northern NT in Kakadu National Park and near Pine Creek)"	"Gomphrena floribunda"
31	"Pseudostaminodes absent"	32
31	"Pseudostaminodes present"	36
32	"Bracts sessile on rachis; outer 3 tepals glabrous or with sparse hairs covering some of length"	33
32	"Bracts attached to rachis by a small hairy stalk up to 3 mm long; outer 3 tepals covered with dense hairs for some or most of length"	34
33	"Biennial or short-lived perennial with a basal rosette of leaves; bracts and bracteoles opaque white for 3/4 to almost entire length; bracteole apex straight"	"Gomphrena rosula"
33	"Annual herb without a basal rosette; bracts and bracteoles translucent throughout or opaque white for up to 1/2 of length; bracteole apex more or less recurved"	"Gomphrena flaccida"
34	"Bracts triangular-ovate, 4.5–9.5 mm long, glabrous (Pilbara and east Kimberley WA, Victoria River area NT)"	"Gomphrena affinis"
34	"Bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–5 mm long, hairy (Gulf of Carpentaria and central Qld)"	35
35	"Spikes 8–15 mm long; bracts 1.5–3.5 mm long; bracteoles up to 6.5 mm long; tepals 6–9.5 mm long"	"Gomphrena humilis"
35	"Spikes 17–18 mm long; bracts 3.5–5 mm long; bracteoles 5.5–9 mm long; tepals 9–14 mm long"	"Gomphrena leontopodioides"
36	"Bract, bracteole and tepal margins lacinulate-serrulate; tepals glabrous or inner 2 tepals sparsely hairy"	"Gomphrena lacinulata"
36	"Bract, bracteole and tepal margins entire; all tepals hairy for at least 1/2 of length"	37
37	"Bracteoles equal to or slightly longer than tepals"	38
37	"Bracteoles distinctly shorter than tepals"	39
38	"Spikes 10–15 mm wide, sessile within the uppermost pair of leaves; bracteole midnerve with a small dorsal crest"	"Gomphrena celosioides"
38	"Spikes 16–35 mm wide, pedunculate; bracteole midnerve without a dorsal crest"	"Gomphrena kanisii"
39	"Plant erect or spreading; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 20–120 mm long; style 4–10.3 mm long"	"Gomphrena canescens"
39	"Plant decumbent or ascending or spreading to erect; leaves lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 10–40 mm long; style up to 5 mm long"	"Gomphrena magentitepala"
40	"Tepals 7–12 mm long; style > 1.5 mm long"	"Gomphrena kanisii"
40	"Tepals up to 6.5 mm long; style < 1.5 mm long"	41
41	"Bracteole midnerve with a tiny or prominent dorsal crest; filaments united in a tube longer than the fruit"	42
41	"Bracteole midnerve without a dorsal crest; filaments united in a tube shorter than the fruit"	43
42	"Bracteoles 7–10 mm long; style 1–1.2 mm long"	"Gomphrena globosa"
42	"Bracteoles up to 6.5 mm long; style 0.2–0.3 mm long"	"Gomphrena celosioides"
43	"Pseudostaminodes present"	44
43	"Pseudostaminodes absent"	46
44	"Leaves (2–)3–9 mm wide, rarely narrower; style very short up to 0.2 mm long (north and east Kimberley WA, Victoria River area NT)"	"Gomphrena brachystylis"
44	"Leaves 1–3 mm wide, rarely wider; style 0.2–0.5mm long"	45
45	"Tepals with hairs covering length of midnerve; stamens 2.2–2.8 mm long (south-west Kimberley from Broome to Derby, Fitzroy River and Napier Range areas)"	"Gomphrena brachystylis"
45	"Tepals with hairs covering almost total length; stamens 1.5–2.3 mm long; (Great Sandy and Tanami Deserts, central and southern NT, the Barkly Tableland and northern Qld)"	"Gomphrena lanata"
46	"Bracts and bracteoles translucent throughout or opaque white at apex only; bracteoles, 2.6–7 mm wide"	"Gomphrena cunninghamii"
46	"Bracts and bracteoles opaque white for 1/2 of length; bracteoles 1.5–3 mm wide;"	"Gomphrena leptoclada"